diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_any_any_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_any_any_test.go
index 37520c728..88fd41daa 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_any_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_any_any_test.go
@@ -17,8 +17,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
-func anyAnyCallBack(int, interface{}) bool {
-	return true
+func Test_AnyAnyMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.AnyAnyMap
+		m.Set(1, 1)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get(1), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet(2, "2"), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(2, "2"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(3, 3), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove(2), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains(2), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Values())
+		m.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[interface{}]int{1: 1, 3: 3})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
 
 func Test_AnyAnyMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_any_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_any_test.go
index 9bf922ed7..125596992 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_any_test.go
@@ -20,9 +20,37 @@ import (
 func getAny() interface{} {
 	return 123
 }
-func intAnyCallBack(int, interface{}) bool {
-	return true
+
+func Test_IntAnyMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.IntAnyMap
+		m.Set(1, 1)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get(1), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet(2, "2"), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(2, "2"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(3, 3), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove(2), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains(2), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Values())
+		m.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[interface{}]int{1: 1, 3: 3})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
+
 func Test_IntAnyMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntAnyMap()
@@ -55,6 +83,7 @@ func Test_IntAnyMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[int]interface{}{1: 1, 2: "2"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_IntAnyMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntAnyMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_int_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_int_test.go
index 5a37ddcc2..ae7092c14 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_int_test.go
@@ -20,9 +20,41 @@ import (
 func getInt() int {
 	return 123
 }
+
 func intIntCallBack(int, int) bool {
 	return true
 }
+
+func Test_IntIntMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.IntIntMap
+		m.Set(1, 1)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get(1), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet(2, 2), 2)
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(2, 2), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(3, 3), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove(2), 2)
+		t.Assert(m.Contains(2), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Values())
+		m.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[int]int{1: 1, 3: 3})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_IntIntMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntIntMap()
@@ -55,6 +87,7 @@ func Test_IntIntMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[int]int{1: 1, 2: 2})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_IntIntMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntIntMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_str_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_str_test.go
index 47622c24b..1312684ea 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_int_str_test.go
@@ -20,9 +20,40 @@ import (
 func getStr() string {
 	return "z"
 }
-func intStrCallBack(int, string) bool {
-	return true
+
+func Test_IntStrMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.IntStrMap
+		m.Set(1, "a")
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get(1), "a")
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet(2, "b"), "b")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(2, "b"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist(3, "c"), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove(2), "b")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains(2), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("a", m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN("c", m.Values())
+
+		m_f := gmap.NewIntStrMap()
+		m_f.Set(1, "2")
+		m_f.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m_f.Map(), map[int]string{2: "1"})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
+
 func Test_IntStrMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntStrMap()
@@ -60,6 +91,7 @@ func Test_IntStrMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[int]string{1: "a", 2: "b"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_IntStrMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewIntStrMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go
index ec8feb4c2..564321c1c 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,38 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
+func Test_ListMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.ListMap
+		m.Set("key1", "val1")
+		t.Assert(m.Keys(), []interface{}{"key1"})
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get("key1"), "val1")
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet("key2", "val2"), "val2")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("key2", "val2"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("key3", "val3"), true)
+		t.Assert(m.Remove("key2"), "val2")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains("key2"), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN("key3", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("key1", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("val3", m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN("val1", m.Values())
+
+		m.Flip()
+
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[interface{}]interface{}{"val3": "key3", "val1": "key1"})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_ListMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewListMap()
@@ -51,6 +83,7 @@ func Test_ListMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[interface{}]interface{}{1: 1, "key1": "val1"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_ListMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewListMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_any_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_any_test.go
index 04965342f..a2159a38c 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_any_test.go
@@ -17,9 +17,37 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
-func stringAnyCallBack(string, interface{}) bool {
-	return true
+func Test_StrAnyMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.StrAnyMap
+		m.Set("a", 1)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get("a"), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet("b", "2"), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("b", "2"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("c", 3), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove("b"), "2")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains("b"), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN("c", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("a", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Values())
+
+		m.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[string]interface{}{"1": "a", "3": "c"})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrAnyMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrAnyMap()
@@ -53,6 +81,7 @@ func Test_StrAnyMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[string]interface{}{"a": 1, "b": "2"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrAnyMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrAnyMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_int_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_int_test.go
index b20f23040..22a87e94f 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_int_test.go
@@ -17,9 +17,39 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
-func stringIntCallBack(string, int) bool {
-	return true
+func Test_StrIntMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.StrIntMap
+		m.Set("a", 1)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get("a"), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet("b", 2), 2)
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("b", 2), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("c", 3), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove("b"), 2)
+		t.Assert(m.Contains("b"), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN("c", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("a", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN(3, m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN(1, m.Values())
+
+		m_f := gmap.NewStrIntMap()
+		m_f.Set("1", 2)
+		m_f.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m_f.Map(), map[string]int{"2": 1})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrIntMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrIntMap()
@@ -55,6 +85,7 @@ func Test_StrIntMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrIntMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrIntMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_str_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_str_test.go
index f18ecc98e..d452b1648 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_str_str_test.go
@@ -17,9 +17,38 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
-func stringStrCallBack(string, string) bool {
-	return true
+func Test_StrStrMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.StrStrMap
+		m.Set("a", "a")
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get("a"), "a")
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet("b", "b"), "b")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("b", "b"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("c", "c"), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove("b"), "b")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains("b"), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN("c", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("a", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("a", m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN("c", m.Values())
+
+		m.Flip()
+
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[string]string{"a": "a", "c": "c"})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrStrMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrStrMap()
@@ -54,6 +83,7 @@ func Test_StrStrMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[string]string{"a": "a", "b": "b"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_StrStrMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewStrStrMap()
diff --git a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go
index 6e623722f..611482d31 100644
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,39 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/util/gutil"
 )
 
+func Test_TreeMap_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var m gmap.TreeMap
+		m.SetComparator(gutil.ComparatorString)
+		m.Set("key1", "val1")
+		t.Assert(m.Keys(), []interface{}{"key1"})
+
+		t.Assert(m.Get("key1"), "val1")
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 1)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.GetOrSet("key2", "val2"), "val2")
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("key2", "val2"), false)
+
+		t.Assert(m.SetIfNotExist("key3", "val3"), true)
+
+		t.Assert(m.Remove("key2"), "val2")
+		t.Assert(m.Contains("key2"), false)
+
+		t.AssertIN("key3", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("key1", m.Keys())
+		t.AssertIN("val3", m.Values())
+		t.AssertIN("val1", m.Values())
+
+		m.Flip()
+		t.Assert(m.Map(), map[interface{}]interface{}{"val3": "key3", "val1": "key1"})
+
+		m.Clear()
+		t.Assert(m.Size(), 0)
+		t.Assert(m.IsEmpty(), true)
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_TreeMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewTreeMap(gutil.ComparatorString)
@@ -51,6 +84,7 @@ func Test_TreeMap_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(m2.Map(), map[interface{}]interface{}{1: 1, "key1": "val1"})
 	})
 }
+
 func Test_TreeMap_Set_Fun(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewTreeMap(gutil.ComparatorString)
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_any_set.go b/container/gset/gset_any_set.go
index 175329546..760af79e8 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_any_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_any_set.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Set struct {
-	mu   *rwmutex.RWMutex
+	mu   rwmutex.RWMutex
 	data map[interface{}]struct{}
 }
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func New(safe ...bool) *Set {
 func NewSet(safe ...bool) *Set {
 	return &Set{
 		data: make(map[interface{}]struct{}),
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func NewFrom(items interface{}, safe ...bool) *Set {
 	}
 	return &Set{
 		data: m,
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ func (set *Set) Iterator(f func(v interface{}) bool) *Set {
 // Add adds one or multiple items to the set.
 func (set *Set) Add(item ...interface{}) *Set {
 	set.mu.Lock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+	}
 	for _, v := range item {
 		set.data[v] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -102,6 +105,9 @@ func (set *Set) AddIfNotExistFuncLock(item interface{}, f func() interface{}) *S
 func (set *Set) doAddWithLockCheck(item interface{}, value interface{}) interface{} {
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+	}
 	if _, ok := set.data[item]; !ok && value != nil {
 		if f, ok := value.(func() interface{}); ok {
 			item = f()
@@ -117,16 +123,21 @@ func (set *Set) doAddWithLockCheck(item interface{}, value interface{}) interfac
 
 // Contains checks whether the set contains <item>.
 func (set *Set) Contains(item interface{}) bool {
+	var ok bool
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	_, exists := set.data[item]
+	if set.data != nil {
+		_, ok = set.data[item]
+	}
 	set.mu.RUnlock()
-	return exists
+	return ok
 }
 
 // Remove deletes <item> from set.
 func (set *Set) Remove(item interface{}) *Set {
 	set.mu.Lock()
-	delete(set.data, item)
+	if set.data != nil {
+		delete(set.data, item)
+	}
 	set.mu.Unlock()
 	return set
 }
@@ -150,8 +161,10 @@ func (set *Set) Clear() *Set {
 // Slice returns the a of items of the set as slice.
 func (set *Set) Slice() []interface{} {
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	i := 0
-	ret := make([]interface{}, len(set.data))
+	var (
+		i   = 0
+		ret = make([]interface{}, len(set.data))
+	)
 	for item := range set.data {
 		ret[i] = item
 		i++
@@ -164,9 +177,14 @@ func (set *Set) Slice() []interface{} {
 func (set *Set) Join(glue string) string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	l := len(set.data)
-	i := 0
+	if len(set.data) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var (
+		l      = len(set.data)
+		i      = 0
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(k))
 		if i != l-1 {
@@ -181,11 +199,13 @@ func (set *Set) Join(glue string) string {
 func (set *Set) String() string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	var (
+		s      = ""
+		l      = len(set.data)
+		i      = 0
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
 	buffer.WriteByte('[')
-	s := ""
-	l := len(set.data)
-	i := 0
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		s = gconv.String(k)
 		if gstr.IsNumeric(s) {
@@ -256,7 +276,7 @@ func (set *Set) IsSubsetOf(other *Set) bool {
 // Union returns a new set which is the union of <set> and <others>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> or in <others>.
 func (set *Set) Union(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
-	newSet = NewSet(true)
+	newSet = NewSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -282,7 +302,7 @@ func (set *Set) Union(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
 // Diff returns a new set which is the difference set from <set> to <others>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> but not in <others>.
 func (set *Set) Diff(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
-	newSet = NewSet(true)
+	newSet = NewSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -303,7 +323,7 @@ func (set *Set) Diff(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
 // Intersect returns a new set which is the intersection from <set> to <others>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> and also in <others>.
 func (set *Set) Intersect(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
-	newSet = NewSet(true)
+	newSet = NewSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -328,7 +348,7 @@ func (set *Set) Intersect(others ...*Set) (newSet *Set) {
 // It returns the difference between <full> and <set>
 // if the given set <full> is not the full set of <set>.
 func (set *Set) Complement(full *Set) (newSet *Set) {
-	newSet = NewSet(true)
+	newSet = NewSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	if set != full {
@@ -415,12 +435,11 @@ func (set *Set) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 
 // UnmarshalJSON implements the interface UnmarshalJSON for json.Unmarshal.
 func (set *Set) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []interface{}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &array); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -433,12 +452,11 @@ func (set *Set) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 
 // UnmarshalValue is an interface implement which sets any type of value for set.
 func (set *Set) UnmarshalValue(value interface{}) (err error) {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []interface{}
 	switch value.(type) {
 	case string, []byte:
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_int_set.go b/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
index f853700a3..e458b7868 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type IntSet struct {
-	mu   *rwmutex.RWMutex
+	mu   rwmutex.RWMutex
 	data map[int]struct{}
 }
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ type IntSet struct {
 // which is false in default.
 func NewIntSet(safe ...bool) *IntSet {
 	return &IntSet{
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 		data: make(map[int]struct{}),
 	}
 }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func NewIntSetFrom(items []int, safe ...bool) *IntSet {
 		m[v] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	return &IntSet{
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 		data: m,
 	}
 }
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ func (set *IntSet) Iterator(f func(v int) bool) *IntSet {
 // Add adds one or multiple items to the set.
 func (set *IntSet) Add(item ...int) *IntSet {
 	set.mu.Lock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
+	}
 	for _, v := range item {
 		set.data[v] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -95,6 +98,9 @@ func (set *IntSet) AddIfNotExistFuncLock(item int, f func() int) *IntSet {
 func (set *IntSet) doAddWithLockCheck(item int, value interface{}) int {
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
+	}
 	if _, ok := set.data[item]; !ok && value != nil {
 		if f, ok := value.(func() int); ok {
 			item = f()
@@ -108,16 +114,21 @@ func (set *IntSet) doAddWithLockCheck(item int, value interface{}) int {
 
 // Contains checks whether the set contains <item>.
 func (set *IntSet) Contains(item int) bool {
+	var ok bool
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	_, exists := set.data[item]
+	if set.data != nil {
+		_, ok = set.data[item]
+	}
 	set.mu.RUnlock()
-	return exists
+	return ok
 }
 
 // Remove deletes <item> from set.
 func (set *IntSet) Remove(item int) *IntSet {
 	set.mu.Lock()
-	delete(set.data, item)
+	if set.data != nil {
+		delete(set.data, item)
+	}
 	set.mu.Unlock()
 	return set
 }
@@ -141,8 +152,10 @@ func (set *IntSet) Clear() *IntSet {
 // Slice returns the a of items of the set as slice.
 func (set *IntSet) Slice() []int {
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	ret := make([]int, len(set.data))
-	i := 0
+	var (
+		i   = 0
+		ret = make([]int, len(set.data))
+	)
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		ret[i] = k
 		i++
@@ -155,9 +168,14 @@ func (set *IntSet) Slice() []int {
 func (set *IntSet) Join(glue string) string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	l := len(set.data)
-	i := 0
+	if len(set.data) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var (
+		l      = len(set.data)
+		i      = 0
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(k))
 		if i != l-1 {
@@ -227,7 +245,7 @@ func (set *IntSet) IsSubsetOf(other *IntSet) bool {
 // Union returns a new set which is the union of <set> and <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> or in <other>.
 func (set *IntSet) Union(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
-	newSet = NewIntSet(true)
+	newSet = NewIntSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -253,7 +271,7 @@ func (set *IntSet) Union(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
 // Diff returns a new set which is the difference set from <set> to <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> but not in <other>.
 func (set *IntSet) Diff(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
-	newSet = NewIntSet(true)
+	newSet = NewIntSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -274,7 +292,7 @@ func (set *IntSet) Diff(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
 // Intersect returns a new set which is the intersection from <set> to <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> and also in <other>.
 func (set *IntSet) Intersect(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
-	newSet = NewIntSet(true)
+	newSet = NewIntSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -299,7 +317,7 @@ func (set *IntSet) Intersect(others ...*IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
 // It returns the difference between <full> and <set>
 // if the given set <full> is not the full set of <set>.
 func (set *IntSet) Complement(full *IntSet) (newSet *IntSet) {
-	newSet = NewIntSet(true)
+	newSet = NewIntSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	if set != full {
@@ -386,12 +404,11 @@ func (set *IntSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 
 // UnmarshalJSON implements the interface UnmarshalJSON for json.Unmarshal.
 func (set *IntSet) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []int
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &array); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -404,12 +421,11 @@ func (set *IntSet) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 
 // UnmarshalValue is an interface implement which sets any type of value for set.
 func (set *IntSet) UnmarshalValue(value interface{}) (err error) {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[int]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []int
 	switch value.(type) {
 	case string, []byte:
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_str_set.go b/container/gset/gset_str_set.go
index cd4ce4723..e7fd5f3ad 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_str_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_str_set.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type StrSet struct {
-	mu   *rwmutex.RWMutex
+	mu   rwmutex.RWMutex
 	data map[string]struct{}
 }
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type StrSet struct {
 // which is false in default.
 func NewStrSet(safe ...bool) *StrSet {
 	return &StrSet{
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 		data: make(map[string]struct{}),
 	}
 }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func NewStrSetFrom(items []string, safe ...bool) *StrSet {
 		m[v] = struct{}{}
 	}
 	return &StrSet{
-		mu:   rwmutex.New(safe...),
+		mu:   rwmutex.Create(safe...),
 		data: m,
 	}
 }
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ func (set *StrSet) Iterator(f func(v string) bool) *StrSet {
 // Add adds one or multiple items to the set.
 func (set *StrSet) Add(item ...string) *StrSet {
 	set.mu.Lock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
 	for _, v := range item {
 		set.data[v] = struct{}{}
 	}
@@ -96,6 +99,9 @@ func (set *StrSet) AddIfNotExistFuncLock(item string, f func() string) *StrSet {
 func (set *StrSet) doAddWithLockCheck(item string, value interface{}) string {
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
 	if _, ok := set.data[item]; !ok && value != nil {
 		if f, ok := value.(func() string); ok {
 			item = f()
@@ -111,16 +117,21 @@ func (set *StrSet) doAddWithLockCheck(item string, value interface{}) string {
 
 // Contains checks whether the set contains <item>.
 func (set *StrSet) Contains(item string) bool {
+	var ok bool
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	_, exists := set.data[item]
+	if set.data != nil {
+		_, ok = set.data[item]
+	}
 	set.mu.RUnlock()
-	return exists
+	return ok
 }
 
 // Remove deletes <item> from set.
 func (set *StrSet) Remove(item string) *StrSet {
 	set.mu.Lock()
-	delete(set.data, item)
+	if set.data != nil {
+		delete(set.data, item)
+	}
 	set.mu.Unlock()
 	return set
 }
@@ -144,8 +155,10 @@ func (set *StrSet) Clear() *StrSet {
 // Slice returns the a of items of the set as slice.
 func (set *StrSet) Slice() []string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
-	ret := make([]string, len(set.data))
-	i := 0
+	var (
+		i   = 0
+		ret = make([]string, len(set.data))
+	)
 	for item := range set.data {
 		ret[i] = item
 		i++
@@ -159,9 +172,14 @@ func (set *StrSet) Slice() []string {
 func (set *StrSet) Join(glue string) string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	l := len(set.data)
-	i := 0
+	if len(set.data) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var (
+		l      = len(set.data)
+		i      = 0
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		buffer.WriteString(k)
 		if i != l-1 {
@@ -176,9 +194,11 @@ func (set *StrSet) Join(glue string) string {
 func (set *StrSet) String() string {
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	l := len(set.data)
-	i := 0
+	var (
+		l      = len(set.data)
+		i      = 0
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
 	for k, _ := range set.data {
 		buffer.WriteString(`"` + gstr.QuoteMeta(k, `"\`) + `"`)
 		if i != l-1 {
@@ -243,7 +263,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) IsSubsetOf(other *StrSet) bool {
 // Union returns a new set which is the union of <set> and <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> or in <other>.
 func (set *StrSet) Union(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
-	newSet = NewStrSet(true)
+	newSet = NewStrSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -269,7 +289,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) Union(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
 // Diff returns a new set which is the difference set from <set> to <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> but not in <other>.
 func (set *StrSet) Diff(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
-	newSet = NewStrSet(true)
+	newSet = NewStrSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -290,7 +310,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) Diff(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
 // Intersect returns a new set which is the intersection from <set> to <other>.
 // Which means, all the items in <newSet> are in <set> and also in <other>.
 func (set *StrSet) Intersect(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
-	newSet = NewStrSet(true)
+	newSet = NewStrSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	for _, other := range others {
@@ -315,7 +335,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) Intersect(others ...*StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
 // It returns the difference between <full> and <set>
 // if the given set <full> is not the full set of <set>.
 func (set *StrSet) Complement(full *StrSet) (newSet *StrSet) {
-	newSet = NewStrSet(true)
+	newSet = NewStrSet()
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	if set != full {
@@ -402,12 +422,11 @@ func (set *StrSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 
 // UnmarshalJSON implements the interface UnmarshalJSON for json.Unmarshal.
 func (set *StrSet) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []string
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &array); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -420,12 +439,11 @@ func (set *StrSet) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 
 // UnmarshalValue is an interface implement which sets any type of value for set.
 func (set *StrSet) UnmarshalValue(value interface{}) (err error) {
-	if set.mu == nil {
-		set.mu = rwmutex.New()
-		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
-	}
 	set.mu.Lock()
 	defer set.mu.Unlock()
+	if set.data == nil {
+		set.data = make(map[string]struct{})
+	}
 	var array []string
 	switch value.(type) {
 	case string, []byte:
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go
index 583d17332..ac5ecea73 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,26 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+func TestSet_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var s gset.Set
+		s.Add(1).Add(1).Add(2)
+		s.Add([]interface{}{3, 4}...)
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 4)
+		t.AssertIN(1, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(2, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(3, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(4, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertNI(0, s.Slice())
+		t.Assert(s.Contains(4), true)
+		t.Assert(s.Contains(5), false)
+		s.Remove(1)
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 3)
+		s.Clear()
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 0)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestSet_New(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		s := gset.New()
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go
index ee36c7805..6180f6228 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
+func TestIntSet_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var s gset.IntSet
+		s.Add(1).Add(1).Add(2)
+		s.Add([]int{3, 4}...)
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 4)
+		t.AssertIN(1, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(2, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(3, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN(4, s.Slice())
+		t.AssertNI(0, s.Slice())
+		t.Assert(s.Contains(4), true)
+		t.Assert(s.Contains(5), false)
+		s.Remove(1)
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 3)
+		s.Clear()
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 0)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestIntSet_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		s := gset.NewIntSet()
diff --git a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go
index 7f0fbb3a6..14acabdfa 100644
--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go
@@ -20,6 +20,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/test/gtest"
 )
 
+func TestStrSet_Var(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var s gset.StrSet
+		s.Add("1").Add("1").Add("2")
+		s.Add([]string{"3", "4"}...)
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 4)
+		t.AssertIN("1", s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN("2", s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN("3", s.Slice())
+		t.AssertIN("4", s.Slice())
+		t.AssertNI("0", s.Slice())
+		t.Assert(s.Contains("4"), true)
+		t.Assert(s.Contains("5"), false)
+		s.Remove("1")
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 3)
+		s.Clear()
+		t.Assert(s.Size(), 0)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestStrSet_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		s := gset.NewStrSet()
diff --git a/container/gvar/gvar.go b/container/gvar/gvar.go
index fb8349d29..a3e310658 100644
--- a/container/gvar/gvar.go
+++ b/container/gvar/gvar.go
@@ -54,11 +54,13 @@ func (v *Var) Clone() *Var {
 // Set sets <value> to <v>, and returns the old value.
 func (v *Var) Set(value interface{}) (old interface{}) {
 	if v.safe {
-		old = v.value.(*gtype.Interface).Set(value)
-	} else {
-		old = v.value
-		v.value = value
+		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
+			old = t.Set(value)
+			return
+		}
 	}
+	old = v.value
+	v.value = value
 	return
 }
 
@@ -68,7 +70,9 @@ func (v *Var) Val() interface{} {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if v.safe {
-		return v.value.(*gtype.Interface).Val()
+		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
+			return t.Val()
+		}
 	}
 	return v.value
 }