diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_core.go b/database/gdb/gdb_core.go
index ab11e9b66..675dc809f 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_core.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_core.go
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ func (c *Core) Save(table string, data interface{}, batch ...int) (sql.Result, e
 	return c.Model(table).Data(data).Save()
 }
 
-// DoInsert inserts or updates data for given table.
+// DoInsert inserts or updates data forF given table.
 // This function is usually used for custom interface definition, you do not need call it manually.
 // The parameter `data` can be type of map/gmap/struct/*struct/[]map/[]struct, etc.
 // Eg:
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_mssql.go b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_mssql.go
index 24156605c..f56c2f966 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_mssql.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_mssql.go
@@ -287,3 +287,17 @@ ORDER BY a.id,a.colorder`,
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+// DoInsert is not supported in mssql.
+func (d *DriverMssql) DoInsert(ctx context.Context, link Link, table string, list List, option DoInsertOption) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+	switch option.InsertOption {
+	case insertOptionSave:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Save operation is not supported by mssql driver`)
+
+	case insertOptionReplace:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Replace operation is not supported by mssql driver`)
+
+	default:
+		return d.Core.DoInsert(ctx, link, table, list, option)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_oracle.go b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_oracle.go
index 8c175f228..7ea5fcd54 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_oracle.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_oracle.go
@@ -263,7 +263,27 @@ func (d *DriverOracle) getTableUniqueIndex(table string) (fields map[string]map[
 	return
 }
 
+// DoInsert inserts or updates data for given table.
+// This function is usually used for custom interface definition, you do not need call it manually.
+// The parameter `data` can be type of map/gmap/struct/*struct/[]map/[]struct, etc.
+// Eg:
+// Data(g.Map{"uid": 10000, "name":"john"})
+// Data(g.Slice{g.Map{"uid": 10000, "name":"john"}, g.Map{"uid": 20000, "name":"smith"})
+//
+// The parameter `option` values are as follows:
+// 0: insert:  just insert, if there's unique/primary key in the data, it returns error;
+// 1: replace: if there's unique/primary key in the data, it deletes it from table and inserts a new one;
+// 2: save:    if there's unique/primary key in the data, it updates it or else inserts a new one;
+// 3: ignore:  if there's unique/primary key in the data, it ignores the inserting;
 func (d *DriverOracle) DoInsert(ctx context.Context, link Link, table string, list List, option DoInsertOption) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+	switch option.InsertOption {
+	case insertOptionSave:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Save operation is not supported by mssql driver`)
+
+	case insertOptionReplace:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Replace operation is not supported by mssql driver`)
+	}
+
 	var (
 		keys   []string
 		values []string
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_pgsql.go b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_pgsql.go
index 6778ed760..961242426 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_pgsql.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_pgsql.go
@@ -172,3 +172,17 @@ ORDER BY a.attnum`,
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+// DoInsert is not supported in pgsql.
+func (d *DriverPgsql) DoInsert(ctx context.Context, link Link, table string, list List, option DoInsertOption) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+	switch option.InsertOption {
+	case insertOptionSave:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Save operation is not supported by pgsql driver`)
+
+	case insertOptionReplace:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Replace operation is not supported by pgsql driver`)
+
+	default:
+		return d.Core.DoInsert(ctx, link, table, list, option)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_sqlite.go b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_sqlite.go
index 1ad0f68b3..132fe5c32 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_driver_sqlite.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_driver_sqlite.go
@@ -136,3 +136,17 @@ func (d *DriverSqlite) TableFields(ctx context.Context, table string, schema ...
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+// DoInsert is not supported in sqlite.
+func (d *DriverSqlite) DoInsert(ctx context.Context, link Link, table string, list List, option DoInsertOption) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+	switch option.InsertOption {
+	case insertOptionSave:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Save operation is not supported by sqlite driver`)
+
+	case insertOptionReplace:
+		return nil, gerror.New(`Replace operation is not supported by sqlite driver`)
+
+	default:
+		return d.Core.DoInsert(ctx, link, table, list, option)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_func.go b/database/gdb/gdb_func.go
index e2a0b4c17..9d9b35899 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_func.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_func.go
@@ -70,6 +70,31 @@ var (
 	structTagPriority = append([]string{OrmTagForStruct}, gconv.StructTagPriority...)
 )
 
+// guessPrimaryTableName parses and returns the primary table name.
+func (m *Model) guessPrimaryTableName(tableStr string) string {
+	if tableStr == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var (
+		guessedTableName = ""
+		array1           = gstr.SplitAndTrim(tableStr, ",")
+		array2           = gstr.SplitAndTrim(array1[0], " ")
+		array3           = gstr.SplitAndTrim(array2[0], ".")
+	)
+	if len(array3) >= 2 {
+		guessedTableName = array3[1]
+	}
+	guessedTableName = array3[0]
+	charL, charR := m.db.GetChars()
+	if charL != "" || charR != "" {
+		guessedTableName = gstr.Trim(guessedTableName, charL+charR)
+	}
+	if !gregex.IsMatchString(regularFieldNameRegPattern, guessedTableName) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return guessedTableName
+}
+
 // getTableNameFromOrmTag retrieves and returns the table name from struct object.
 func getTableNameFromOrmTag(object interface{}) string {
 	var tableName string
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_model_fields.go b/database/gdb/gdb_model_fields.go
index 88d93ce8e..d959a0224 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_model_fields.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_model_fields.go
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func (m *Model) GetFieldsExStr(fields string, prefix ...string) string {
 	if len(prefix) > 0 {
 		prefixStr = prefix[0]
 	}
-	tableFields, err := m.TableFields(m.tables)
+	tableFields, err := m.TableFields(m.tablesInit)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_model_time.go b/database/gdb/gdb_model_time.go
index 76c1f0667..0ca2a6877 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_model_time.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_model_time.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (m *Model) getSoftFieldNameCreated(table ...string) string {
 	if len(table) > 0 {
 		tableName = table[0]
 	} else {
-		tableName = m.getPrimaryTableName()
+		tableName = m.tablesInit
 	}
 	config := m.db.GetConfig()
 	if config.CreatedAt != "" {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (m *Model) getSoftFieldNameUpdated(table ...string) (field string) {
 	if len(table) > 0 {
 		tableName = table[0]
 	} else {
-		tableName = m.getPrimaryTableName()
+		tableName = m.tablesInit
 	}
 	config := m.db.GetConfig()
 	if config.UpdatedAt != "" {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (m *Model) getSoftFieldNameDeleted(table ...string) (field string) {
 	if len(table) > 0 {
 		tableName = table[0]
 	} else {
-		tableName = m.getPrimaryTableName()
+		tableName = m.tablesInit
 	}
 	config := m.db.GetConfig()
 	if config.UpdatedAt != "" {
@@ -170,17 +170,3 @@ func (m *Model) getConditionOfTableStringForSoftDeleting(s string) string {
 	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%s IS NULL`, m.db.GetCore().QuoteWord(table), m.db.GetCore().QuoteWord(field))
 }
-
-// getPrimaryTableName parses and returns the primary table name.
-func (m *Model) getPrimaryTableName() string {
-	if m.tables == "" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	array1 := gstr.SplitAndTrim(m.tables, ",")
-	array2 := gstr.SplitAndTrim(array1[0], " ")
-	array3 := gstr.SplitAndTrim(array2[0], ".")
-	if len(array3) >= 2 {
-		return array3[1]
-	}
-	return array3[0]
-}
diff --git a/database/gdb/gdb_model_utility.go b/database/gdb/gdb_model_utility.go
index 4c6823850..03f5e1ed3 100644
--- a/database/gdb/gdb_model_utility.go
+++ b/database/gdb/gdb_model_utility.go
@@ -21,15 +21,12 @@ import (
 // schema.
 //
 // Also see DriverMysql.TableFields.
-func (m *Model) TableFields(table string, schema ...string) (fields map[string]*TableField, err error) {
-	charL, charR := m.db.GetChars()
-	if charL != "" || charR != "" {
-		table = gstr.Trim(table, charL+charR)
+func (m *Model) TableFields(tableStr string, schema ...string) (fields map[string]*TableField, err error) {
+	useSchema := m.schema
+	if len(schema) > 0 && schema[0] != "" {
+		useSchema = schema[0]
 	}
-	if !gregex.IsMatchString(regularFieldNameRegPattern, table) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	return m.db.TableFields(m.GetCtx(), table, schema...)
+	return m.db.TableFields(m.GetCtx(), m.guessPrimaryTableName(tableStr), useSchema)
 }
 
 // getModel creates and returns a cloned model of current model if `safe` is true, or else it returns