Merge pull request #2 from gogf/master

update
2026-06-06 02:25:47 +08:00 · 2022-05-10 10:37:13 +08:00
parent 61c9d5fb3f 583d576cdb
commit 2c73ba2f76
632 changed files with 25326 additions and 6980 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <!-- Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks! -->

-<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！ -->
-<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！ -->
-<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！ -->
+<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！否则issue可能会被延期处理！ -->
+<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！否则issue可能会被延期处理！ -->
+<!-- 为高效处理您的疑问，如果觉得是BUG类问题，请您务必提供可复现该问题的最小可运行代码！否则issue可能会被延期处理！ -->
 <!-- 重要的事情说三遍！ -->

 ### 1. What version of `Go` and system type/arch are you using?
-
 <!-- 
 Please paste the output of command `go version` from your terminal.
 What expect to see is like: `go 1.12, linux/amd64`
@ -14,7 +13,6 @@ What expect to see is like: `go 1.12, linux/amd64`


 ### 2. What version of `GoFrame` are you using?
-
 <!-- You can find the GF version from your `go.mod`, or from the `version.go` in `GF` -->


@ -23,7 +21,6 @@ What expect to see is like: `go 1.12, linux/amd64`


 ### 4. What did you do?
-
 <!--
 If possible, provide a copy of shortest codes for reproducing the error.
 A complete runnable program is best.
--- a/.github/workflows/cli.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cli.yml
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+name: GoFrame CLI Build Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    # Sequence of patterns matched against refs/tags
+    tags:
+    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
+
+env:
+  TZ: Asia/Shanghai
+
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Build And Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Github Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      
+      - name: Set Up Golang Environment
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.17
+      
+      - name: Build CLI Binary
+        run: |
+          echo "Building linux amd64 binary..."
+          cd cmd/gf
+          GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build main.go
+          chmod +x main
+          ./main install -y
+
+      - name: Build CLI Binary For All Platform
+        run: |
+          cd cmd/gf
+          gf build main.go -n gf -a all -s all
+
+      - name: Move Files Before Release
+        run: |
+          cd cmd/gf/temp
+          for OS in *;do for FILE in $OS/*;\
+          do if [[ ${OS} =~ 'windows' ]];\
+          then mv $FILE gf_$OS.exe && rm -rf $OS;\
+          else mv $FILE gf_$OS && rm -rf $OS;\
+          fi;done;done
+
+      - name: Create Github Release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          tag_name:     ${{ github.ref }}
+          release_name: GoFrame CLI Release ${{ github.ref }}
+          draft:        false
+          prerelease:   false
+      
+      - name: Upload Release Asset
+        id:   upload-release-asset
+        uses: alexellis/upload-assets@0.2.2
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          asset_paths: '["cmd/gf/temp/gf_*"]'
--- a/.github/workflows/gf.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gf.yml
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+name: GoFrame Main CI
+
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - master
+    - develop
+    - feature/**
+    - fix/**
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+    - master
+    - develop
+    - feature/**
+    - fix/**
+
+env:
+  GF_DEBUG: 0
+
+
+jobs:
+  code-test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+
+    # Service containers to run with `code-test`
+    services:
+      redis:
+        image  : redis
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd      "redis-cli ping"
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout  5s
+          --health-retries  5
+        ports:
+          # Maps tcp port 6379 on service container to the host
+          - 6379:6379
+
+      mysql:
+        image: mysql:5.7
+        env:
+          MYSQL_DATABASE     : test
+          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 12345678
+        ports:
+          # Maps tcp port 3306 on service container to the host
+          - 3306:3306
+
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:13
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: 12345678
+          POSTGRES_USER:     root
+          POSTGRES_DB:       test
+          TZ:                Asia/Shanghai
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+        # Set health checks to wait until postgres has started
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd pg_isready
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+
+      mssql:
+        image: mcmoe/mssqldocker:latest
+        env:
+          ACCEPT_EULA:    Y
+          SA_PASSWORD:    LoremIpsum86
+          MSSQL_DB:       test
+          MSSQL_USER:     root
+          MSSQL_PASSWORD: LoremIpsum86
+        ports:
+          - 1433:1433
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd="/opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P LoremIpsum86 -l 30 -Q \"SELECT 1\" || exit 1"
+          --health-start-period 10s
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 10
+
+      clickhouse-server:
+        image: yandex/clickhouse-server
+        ports:
+          - 9000:9000
+          - 8123:8123
+          - 9001:9001
+
+
+    # strategy set
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go: ["1.15", "1.16", "1.17"]
+
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Set Up Timezone
+      uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.0
+      with:
+        timezoneLinux: "Asia/Shanghai"
+
+    - name: Checkout Repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: Set Up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      with:
+        go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+
+    - name: Before Script
+      run: |
+        find . -name "*.go" | xargs gofmt -w
+        git diff --name-only --exit-code || if [ $? != 0 ]; then echo "Notice: gofmt check failed,please gofmt before pr." && exit 1; fi
+        echo "gofmt check pass."
+        sudo echo "127.0.0.1   local" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
+
+    - name: CLI Build & Test
+      run: |
+        cd cmd/gf
+        go mod tidy
+        go build ./...
+        go test  ./...
+
+    - name: Example Build & Test
+      run: |
+        cd example
+        go mod tidy
+        go build ./...
+        go test  ./...
+
+    - name: Contrib Build & Test
+      run: |
+        cd contrib
+        for file in `find . -name go.mod`; do
+            path=$(dirname $file)
+            # Ignore oracle database driver build&test.
+            if [ "oracle" = $(basename $path) ]; then
+                continue 1
+            fi
+            cd $path
+            go mod tidy
+            go build ./...
+            go test  ./...
+            cd -
+        done
+
+    - name: Run i386 Arch Test
+      run: |
+        GOARCH=386 go test -v ./... || exit 1
+
+    - name: Run amd64 Arch Test
+      run: |
+        GOARCH=amd64 go test -v ./... -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic
+
+    - name: Report Coverage
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
+      with:
+        flags: go-${{ matrix.go }}
+
--- a/.github/workflows/go.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/go.yml
@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-name: GoFrame CI
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-      - develop
-  pull_request:
-    branches: [master, develop]
-env:
-  GF_DEBUG: 0
-
-jobs:
-  code-test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # Service containers to run with `code-test`
-    services:
-      redis:
-        image  : redis
-        options: >-
-          --health-cmd      "redis-cli ping"
-          --health-interval 10s
-          --health-timeout  5s
-          --health-retries  5
-        ports:
-          # Maps tcp port 6379 on service container to the host
-          - 6379:6379
-      mysql:
-        image: mysql:5.7
-        env:
-          MYSQL_DATABASE     : test
-          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 12345678
-        ports:
-          # Maps tcp port 3306 on service container to the host
-          - 3306:3306
-
-    # strategy set
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        go: ["1.15", "1.16", "1.17"]
-
-    steps:
-    - name: Set Up Timezone
-      uses: szenius/set-timezone@v1.0
-      with:
-        timezoneLinux: "Asia/Shanghai"
-
-    - name: Checkout Repositary
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-    - name: Set Up Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v2
-      with:
-        go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
-
-    - name: Before Script
-      run: |
-        date
-        find . -name "*.go" | xargs gofmt -w
-        git diff --name-only --exit-code || if [ $? != 0 ];then echo "Notice: gofmt check failed,please gofmt before pr." && exit 1; fi
-        echo "gofmt check pass."
-        sudo echo "127.0.0.1   local" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
-
-    - name: Run i386 Arch Test
-      run: GOARCH=386 go test -v ./... || exit 1
-
-    - name: Run amd64 Arch Test
-      run: GOARCH=amd64 go test -v ./... -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic
-
-    - name: Report Coverage
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
-      with:
-        flags: go-${{ matrix.go }}
-
--- a/.github/workflows/tag.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tag.yml
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: GoFrame AutoCreating SubMod Tags
+
+on:
+  push:
+    # Sequence of patterns matched against refs/tags
+    tags:
+    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
+
+env:
+  TZ: Asia/Shanghai
+  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Auto Creating Tags
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout Github Code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Auto Creating Tags
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.email "tagrobot@goframe.org"
+          git config --global user.name  "TagRobot"
+          for file in `find contrib -name go.mod`; do
+              tag=$(dirname $file)/$GITHUB_REF_NAME
+              git tag $tag
+              git push origin $tag
+          done
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ pkg/
 bin/
 cbuild
 **/.DS_Store
-.vscode/
 .test/
 main
 gf
--- a/README.MD
+++ b/README.MD
@ -1,24 +1,42 @@
 # GoFrame
+<div align=center>
+<img src="https://goframe.org/statics/image/gf-head-large.png" width="100"/>

 [![Go Doc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf)
-[![GoFrame CI](https://github.com/gogf/gf/actions/workflows/go.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/gogf/gf/actions/workflows/go.yml)
+[![GoFrame CI](https://github.com/gogf/gf/actions/workflows/gf.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/gogf/gf/actions/workflows/gf.yml)
 [![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gogf/gf?v=1)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master)
 [![Production Ready](https://img.shields.io/badge/production-ready-blue.svg)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/gogf/gf.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
-
+</div>

 `GoFrame` is a modular, powerful, high-performance and enterprise-class application development framework of Golang. 

-> If you're a newbie to `Go`, you may consider `GoFrame` easy and great as `Laravel` in `PHP`, `SpringBoot` in `Java` or `Django` in `Python`.
+# Features
+- modular, loosely coupled design
+- rich components, out-of-the-box
+- automatic codes generating for efficiency
+- simple and easy to use, detailed documentation
+- interface designed components, with high scalability
+- fully supported tracing and error stack feature
+- specially developed and powerful ORM component
+- robust engineering design specifications
+- convenient development CLI tool provide
+- OpenTelemetry observability features support
+- OpenAPIV3 documentation generating, automatically
+- much, much more...ready to explore?

 # Installation
-```
+Enter your repo. directory and execute following command:
+
+## primary module
+```bash
 go get -u -v github.com/gogf/gf/v2
 ```
-suggested using `go.mod`:
-```
-require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 latest
+
+## cli tool
+```bash
+go install github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2
 ```

 # Limitation
@ -31,24 +49,10 @@ golang version >= 1.15
 <img src="https://goframe.org/download/attachments/1114119/arch.png"/>
 </div>

-# Packages
-1. **Primary Package**
-
-    The `gf` repository maintains some basic and most commonly used packages, keeping it as lightweight and simple as possible. 
-
-1. **Community Package**
-
-    The community packages are contributed and maintained by community members, which are hosted in `gogf` organization. Some of the community packages are separated from the `gf` repository, which are not of common usage or are with heavy dependencies. 
-
-# Performance
-
-The `Web` component performance of `GoFrame`, please refer to third-party project: https://github.com/the-benchmarker/web-frameworks
-
-

 # Documentation

-* 中文官网: [https://goframe.org](https://goframe.org/display/gf)
+* Chinese Official Site(中文官网): [https://goframe.org](https://goframe.org/display/gf)
 * GoDoc API: [https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gogf/gf](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/gogf/gf)


--- a/cmd/gf/LICENSE
+++ b/cmd/gf/LICENSE
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018 john@goframe.org https://goframe.org
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
--- a/cmd/gf/Makefile
+++ b/cmd/gf/Makefile
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+pack: pack.template-single pack.template-mono
+
+pack.template-single:
+	@rm -fr temp
+	@mkdir temp || exit 0
+	@cd temp && git clone https://github.com/gogf/template-single
+	@rm -fr temp/template-single/.git
+	@cd temp && gf pack template-single ../internal/packed/template-single.go -n=packed -y
+	@rm -fr temp
+
+pack.template-mono:
+	@rm -fr temp
+	@mkdir temp || exit 0
+	@cd temp && git clone https://github.com/gogf/template-mono
+	@rm -fr temp/template-mono/.git
+	@cd temp && gf pack template-mono ../internal/packed/template-mono.go -n=packed -y
+	@rm -fr temp
--- a/cmd/gf/README.MD
+++ b/cmd/gf/README.MD
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# gf
+
+`gf` is a powerful CLI tool for building [GoFrame](https://goframe.org) application with convenience.
+
+
+## 1. Install
+
+## 1) PreCompiled Binary
+You can also install `gf` tool using pre-built binaries: https://github.com/gogf/gf/releases
+
+1. `Mac` & `Linux`
+    ```shell
+    wget -O gf https://github.com/gogf/gf/releases/latest/download/gf_$(go env GOOS)_$(go env GOARCH) && chmod +x gf && ./gf install -y && rm ./gf
+    ```
+   > If you're using `zsh`, you might need rename your alias by command `alias gf=gf` to resolve the conflicts between `gf` and `git fetch`.
+
+2. `Windows`
+
+   Manually download, execute it and then follow the instruction.
+
+3. Database `sqlite` and `oracle` are not support in `gf gen` command in default as it needs `cgo` and `gcc`, you can manually make some changes to the source codes and do the building.
+
+## 2) Manually Install
+
+ ```shell
+git clone https://github.com/gogf/gf && cd gf/cmd/gf && go install
+ ```
+
+
+## 2. Commands
+```html
+$ gf
+USAGE
+    gf COMMAND [OPTION]
+
+COMMAND
+   env        show current Golang environment variables
+   run        running go codes with hot-compiled-like feature
+   gen        automatically generate go files for dao/do/entity/pb/pbentity
+   tpl        template parsing and building commands
+   init       create and initialize an empty GoFrame project
+   pack       packing any file/directory to a resource file, or a go file
+   build      cross-building go project for lots of platforms
+   docker     build docker image for current GoFrame project
+   install    install gf binary to system (might need root/admin permission)
+   version    show version information of current binary
+
+OPTION
+   -y, --yes       all yes for all command without prompt ask
+   -v, --version   show version information of current binary
+   -d, --debug     show internal detailed debugging information
+   -h, --help      more information about this command
+
+ADDITIONAL
+    Use "gf COMMAND -h" for details about a command.
+```
+
+## 3. FAQ
+
+### 1). Command `gf run` returns `pipe: too many open files`
+
+Please use `ulimit -n 65535` to enlarge your system configuration for max open files for current terminal shell session, and then `gf run`.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/cmd/gf/go.mod
+++ b/cmd/gf/go.mod
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+module github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2
+
+go 1.15
+
+require (
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 v2.0.6
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 v2.0.6
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 v2.0.6
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 v2.0.6
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.0.6
+	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
+)
+
+replace (
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 => ../../contrib/drivers/mssql/
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 => ../../contrib/drivers/oracle/
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 => ../../contrib/drivers/pgsql/
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 => ../../contrib/drivers/sqlite/
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 => ../../
+)
--- a/cmd/gf/go.sum
+++ b/cmd/gf/go.sum
@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.4.1 h1:GaI7EiDXDRfa8VshkTj7Fym7ha+y8/XxIgD2okUIjLw=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.4.1/go.mod h1:CxXYINrC8qIiEnFrOxCa7Jy5BFHlXnUU2pbicEuybxQ=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2 h1:YRXhKfTDauu4ajMg1TPgFO5jnlC2HCbmLXMcTG5cbYE=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.2/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2 v2.5.5 h1:oT81vUeEiQQ/DcHbzSytRngP6Ky9O+L+0Bw0zSJag9E=
+github.com/clbanning/mxj/v2 v2.5.5/go.mod h1:hNiWqW14h+kc+MdF9C6/YoRfjEJoR3ou6tn/Qo+ve2s=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb v0.11.0 h1:9rHa233rhdOyrz2GcP9NM+gi2psgJZ4GWDpL/7ND8HI=
+github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb v0.11.0/go.mod h1:xbL0rPBG9cCiLr28tMa8zpbdarY27NDyej4t/EjAShU=
+github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f h1:lO4WD4F/rVNCu3HqELle0jiPLLBs70cWOduZpkS1E78=
+github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f/go.mod h1:cuUVRXasLTGF7a8hSLbxyZXjz+1KgoB3wDUb6vlszIc=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
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+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd.go
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/service"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	GF = cGF{}
+)
+
+type cGF struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"gf" ad:"{cGFAd}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cGFAd = `
+ADDITIONAL
+    Use "gf COMMAND -h" for details about a command.
+`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cGFAd`: cGFAd,
+	})
+}
+
+type cGFInput struct {
+	g.Meta  `name:"gf"`
+	Yes     bool `short:"y" name:"yes"     brief:"all yes for all command without prompt ask"   orphan:"true"`
+	Version bool `short:"v" name:"version" brief:"show version information of current binary"   orphan:"true"`
+	Debug   bool `short:"d" name:"debug"   brief:"show internal detailed debugging information" orphan:"true"`
+}
+type cGFOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cGF) Index(ctx context.Context, in cGFInput) (out *cGFOutput, err error) {
+	// Version.
+	if in.Version {
+		_, err = Version.Index(ctx, cVersionInput{})
+		return
+	}
+	// No argument or option, do installation checks.
+	if !service.Install.IsInstalled() {
+		mlog.Print("hi, it seams it's the first time you installing gf cli.")
+		s := gcmd.Scanf("do you want to install gf binary to your system? [y/n]: ")
+		if strings.EqualFold(s, "y") {
+			if err = service.Install.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			gcmd.Scan("press `Enter` to exit...")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// Print help content.
+	gcmd.CommandFromCtx(ctx).Print()
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_build.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_build.go
@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/encoding/gbase64"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/genv"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Build = cBuild{
+		nodeNameInConfigFile: "gfcli.build",
+		packedGoFileName:     "internal/packed/build_pack_data.go",
+	}
+)
+
+type cBuild struct {
+	g.Meta               `name:"build" brief:"{cBuildBrief}" dc:"{cBuildDc}" eg:"{cBuildEg}" ad:"{cBuildAd}"`
+	nodeNameInConfigFile string // nodeNameInConfigFile is the node name for compiler configurations in configuration file.
+	packedGoFileName     string // packedGoFileName specifies the file name for packing common folders into one single go file.
+}
+
+const (
+	cBuildBrief = `cross-building go project for lots of platforms`
+	cBuildEg    = `
+gf build main.go
+gf build main.go --pack public,template
+gf build main.go --cgo
+gf build main.go -m none 
+gf build main.go -n my-app -a all -s all
+gf build main.go -n my-app -a amd64,386 -s linux -p .
+gf build main.go -n my-app -v 1.0 -a amd64,386 -s linux,windows,darwin -p ./docker/bin
+`
+	cBuildDc = `
+The "build" command is most commonly used command, which is designed as a powerful wrapper for 
+"go build" command for convenience cross-compiling usage. 
+It provides much more features for building binary:
+1. Cross-Compiling for many platforms and architectures.
+2. Configuration file support for compiling.
+3. Build-In Variables.
+`
+	cBuildAd = `
+PLATFORMS
+    darwin    amd64,arm64
+    freebsd   386,amd64,arm
+    linux     386,amd64,arm,arm64,ppc64,ppc64le,mips,mipsle,mips64,mips64le
+    netbsd    386,amd64,arm
+    openbsd   386,amd64,arm
+    windows   386,amd64
+`
+	// https://golang.google.cn/doc/install/source
+	cBuildPlatforms = `
+darwin    amd64
+darwin    arm64
+ios       amd64
+ios       arm64
+freebsd   386
+freebsd   amd64
+freebsd   arm
+linux     386
+linux     amd64
+linux     arm
+linux     arm64
+linux     ppc64
+linux     ppc64le
+linux     mips
+linux     mipsle
+linux     mips64
+linux     mips64le
+netbsd    386
+netbsd    amd64
+netbsd    arm
+openbsd   386
+openbsd   amd64
+openbsd   arm
+windows   386
+windows   amd64
+android   arm
+dragonfly amd64
+plan9     386
+plan9     amd64
+solaris   amd64
+`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cBuildBrief`: cBuildBrief,
+		`cBuildDc`:    cBuildDc,
+		`cBuildEg`:    cBuildEg,
+		`cBuildAd`:    cBuildAd,
+	})
+}
+
+type cBuildInput struct {
+	g.Meta        `name:"build" config:"gfcli.build"`
+	File          string `name:"FILE" arg:"true"    brief:"building file path"`
+	Name          string `short:"n"  name:"name"    brief:"output binary name"`
+	Version       string `short:"v"  name:"version" brief:"output binary version"`
+	Arch          string `short:"a"  name:"arch"    brief:"output binary architecture, multiple arch separated with ','"`
+	System        string `short:"s"  name:"system"  brief:"output binary system, multiple os separated with ','"`
+	Output        string `short:"o"  name:"output"  brief:"output binary path, used when building single binary file"`
+	Path          string `short:"p"  name:"path"    brief:"output binary directory path, default is './temp'" d:"./temp"`
+	Extra         string `short:"e"  name:"extra"   brief:"extra custom \"go build\" options"`
+	Mod           string `short:"m"  name:"mod"     brief:"like \"-mod\" option of \"go build\", use \"-m none\" to disable go module"`
+	Cgo           bool   `short:"c"  name:"cgo"     brief:"enable or disable cgo feature, it's disabled in default" orphan:"true"`
+	VarMap        g.Map  `short:"r"  name:"varMap"  brief:"custom built embedded variable into binary"`
+	PackSrc       string `short:"ps" name:"packSrc" brief:"pack one or more folders into one go file before building"`
+	PackDst       string `short:"pd" name:"packDst" brief:"temporary go file path for pack, this go file will be automatically removed after built" d:"internal/packed/build_pack_data.go"`
+	ExitWhenError bool   `short:"ew" name:"exitWhenError" brief:"exit building when any error occurs, default is false" orphan:"true"`
+}
+type cBuildOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cBuild) Index(ctx context.Context, in cBuildInput) (out *cBuildOutput, err error) {
+	mlog.SetHeaderPrint(true)
+
+	mlog.Debugf(`build input: %+v`, in)
+	// Necessary check.
+	if gproc.SearchBinary("go") == "" {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`command "go" not found in your environment, please install golang first to proceed this command`)
+	}
+
+	var (
+		parser = gcmd.ParserFromCtx(ctx)
+		file   = parser.GetArg(2).String()
+	)
+	if len(file) < 1 {
+		// Check and use the main.go file.
+		if gfile.Exists("main.go") {
+			file = "main.go"
+		} else {
+			mlog.Fatal("build file path cannot be empty")
+		}
+	}
+	if in.Name == "" {
+		in.Name = gfile.Name(file)
+	}
+	if len(in.Name) < 1 || in.Name == "*" {
+		mlog.Fatal("name cannot be empty")
+	}
+	if in.Mod != "" && in.Mod != "none" {
+		mlog.Debugf(`mod is %s`, in.Mod)
+		if in.Extra == "" {
+			in.Extra = fmt.Sprintf(`-mod=%s`, in.Mod)
+		} else {
+			in.Extra = fmt.Sprintf(`-mod=%s %s`, in.Mod, in.Extra)
+		}
+	}
+	if in.Extra != "" {
+		in.Extra += " "
+	}
+	var (
+		customSystems = gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.System, ",")
+		customArches  = gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.Arch, ",")
+	)
+	if len(in.Version) > 0 {
+		in.Path += "/" + in.Version
+	}
+	// System and arch checks.
+	var (
+		spaceRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`\s+`)
+		platformMap = make(map[string]map[string]bool)
+	)
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(cBuildPlatforms), "\n") {
+		line = gstr.Trim(line)
+		line = spaceRegex.ReplaceAllString(line, " ")
+		var (
+			array  = strings.Split(line, " ")
+			system = strings.TrimSpace(array[0])
+			arch   = strings.TrimSpace(array[1])
+		)
+		if platformMap[system] == nil {
+			platformMap[system] = make(map[string]bool)
+		}
+		platformMap[system][arch] = true
+	}
+	// Auto packing.
+	if in.PackSrc != "" {
+		if in.PackDst == "" {
+			mlog.Fatal(`parameter "packDst" should not be empty when "packSrc" is used`)
+		}
+		if gfile.Exists(in.PackDst) && !gfile.IsFile(in.PackDst) {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`parameter "packDst" path "%s" should be type of file not directory`, in.PackDst)
+		}
+		if !gfile.Exists(in.PackDst) {
+			// Remove the go file that is automatically packed resource.
+			defer func() {
+				_ = gfile.Remove(in.PackDst)
+				mlog.Printf(`remove the automatically generated resource go file: %s`, in.PackDst)
+			}()
+		}
+		packCmd := fmt.Sprintf(`gf pack %s %s`, in.PackSrc, in.PackDst)
+		mlog.Print(packCmd)
+		gproc.MustShellRun(packCmd)
+	}
+
+	// Injected information by building flags.
+	ldFlags := fmt.Sprintf(`-X 'github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gbuild.builtInVarStr=%v'`, c.getBuildInVarStr(in))
+
+	// start building
+	mlog.Print("start building...")
+	if in.Cgo {
+		genv.MustSet("CGO_ENABLED", "1")
+	} else {
+		genv.MustSet("CGO_ENABLED", "0")
+	}
+	var (
+		cmd = ""
+		ext = ""
+	)
+	for system, item := range platformMap {
+		cmd = ""
+		ext = ""
+		if len(customSystems) > 0 && customSystems[0] != "all" && !gstr.InArray(customSystems, system) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for arch, _ := range item {
+			if len(customArches) > 0 && customArches[0] != "all" && !gstr.InArray(customArches, arch) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if len(customSystems) == 0 && len(customArches) == 0 {
+				if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+					ext = ".exe"
+				}
+				// Single binary building, output the binary to current working folder.
+				output := ""
+				if len(in.Output) > 0 {
+					output = "-o " + in.Output + ext
+				} else {
+					output = "-o " + in.Name + ext
+				}
+				cmd = fmt.Sprintf(`go build %s -ldflags "%s" %s %s`, output, ldFlags, in.Extra, file)
+			} else {
+				// Cross-building, output the compiled binary to specified path.
+				if system == "windows" {
+					ext = ".exe"
+				}
+				genv.MustSet("GOOS", system)
+				genv.MustSet("GOARCH", arch)
+				cmd = fmt.Sprintf(
+					`go build -o %s/%s/%s%s -ldflags "%s" %s%s`,
+					in.Path, system+"_"+arch, in.Name, ext, ldFlags, in.Extra, file,
+				)
+			}
+			mlog.Debug(cmd)
+			// It's not necessary printing the complete command string.
+			cmdShow, _ := gregex.ReplaceString(`\s+(-ldflags ".+?")\s+`, " ", cmd)
+			mlog.Print(cmdShow)
+			if result, err := gproc.ShellExec(cmd); err != nil {
+				mlog.Printf(
+					"failed to build, os:%s, arch:%s, error:\n%s\n\n%s\n",
+					system, arch, gstr.Trim(result),
+					`you may use command option "--debug" to enable debug info and check the details`,
+				)
+				if in.ExitWhenError {
+					os.Exit(1)
+				}
+			} else {
+				mlog.Debug(gstr.Trim(result))
+			}
+			// single binary building.
+			if len(customSystems) == 0 && len(customArches) == 0 {
+				goto buildDone
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+buildDone:
+	mlog.Print("done!")
+	return
+}
+
+// getBuildInVarMapJson retrieves and returns the custom build-in variables in configuration
+// file as json.
+func (c cBuild) getBuildInVarStr(in cBuildInput) string {
+	buildInVarMap := in.VarMap
+	if buildInVarMap == nil {
+		buildInVarMap = make(g.Map)
+	}
+	buildInVarMap["builtGit"] = c.getGitCommit()
+	buildInVarMap["builtTime"] = gtime.Now().String()
+	b, err := json.Marshal(buildInVarMap)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return gbase64.EncodeToString(b)
+}
+
+// getGitCommit retrieves and returns the latest git commit hash string if present.
+func (c cBuild) getGitCommit() string {
+	if gproc.SearchBinary("git") == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var (
+		cmd  = `git log -1 --format="%cd %H" --date=format:"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
+		s, _ = gproc.ShellExec(cmd)
+	)
+	mlog.Debug(cmd)
+	if s != "" {
+		if !gstr.Contains(s, "fatal") {
+			return gstr.Trim(s)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_docker.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_docker.go
@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Docker = cDocker{}
+)
+
+type cDocker struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"docker" usage:"{cDockerUsage}" brief:"{cDockerBrief}" eg:"{cDockerEg}" dc:"{cDockerDc}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cDockerUsage = `gf docker [MAIN] [OPTION]`
+	cDockerBrief = `build docker image for current GoFrame project`
+	cDockerEg    = `
+gf docker 
+gf docker -t hub.docker.com/john/image:tag
+gf docker -p -t hub.docker.com/john/image:tag
+gf docker main.go
+gf docker main.go -t hub.docker.com/john/image:tag
+gf docker main.go -t hub.docker.com/john/image:tag
+gf docker main.go -p -t hub.docker.com/john/image:tag
+`
+	cDockerDc = `
+The "docker" command builds the GF project to a docker images.
+It runs "gf build" firstly to compile the project to binary file.
+It then runs "docker build" command automatically to generate the docker image.
+You should have docker installed, and there must be a Dockerfile in the root of the project.
+`
+	cDockerMainBrief        = `main file path for "gf build", it's "main.go" in default. empty string for no binary build`
+	cDockerBuildBrief       = `binary build options before docker image build, it's "-a amd64 -s linux" in default`
+	cDockerFileBrief        = `file path of the Dockerfile. it's "manifest/docker/Dockerfile" in default`
+	cDockerShellBrief       = `path of the shell file which is executed before docker build`
+	cDockerPushBrief        = `auto push the docker image to docker registry if "-t" option passed`
+	cDockerTagNameBrief     = `tag name for this docker, pattern like "image:tag". this option is required with TagPrefixes`
+	cDockerTagPrefixesBrief = `tag prefixes for this docker, which are used for docker push. this option is required with TagName`
+	cDockerExtraBrief       = `extra build options passed to "docker image"`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cDockerUsage`:            cDockerUsage,
+		`cDockerBrief`:            cDockerBrief,
+		`cDockerEg`:               cDockerEg,
+		`cDockerDc`:               cDockerDc,
+		`cDockerMainBrief`:        cDockerMainBrief,
+		`cDockerFileBrief`:        cDockerFileBrief,
+		`cDockerShellBrief`:       cDockerShellBrief,
+		`cDockerBuildBrief`:       cDockerBuildBrief,
+		`cDockerPushBrief`:        cDockerPushBrief,
+		`cDockerTagNameBrief`:     cDockerTagNameBrief,
+		`cDockerTagPrefixesBrief`: cDockerTagPrefixesBrief,
+		`cDockerExtraBrief`:       cDockerExtraBrief,
+	})
+}
+
+type cDockerInput struct {
+	g.Meta      `name:"docker" config:"gfcli.docker"`
+	Main        string   `name:"MAIN" arg:"true" brief:"{cDockerMainBrief}"  d:"main.go"`
+	File        string   `name:"file"        short:"f"  brief:"{cDockerFileBrief}"  d:"manifest/docker/Dockerfile"`
+	Shell       string   `name:"shell"       short:"s"  brief:"{cDockerShellBrief}" d:"manifest/docker/docker.sh"`
+	Build       string   `name:"build"       short:"b"  brief:"{cDockerBuildBrief}" d:"-a amd64 -s linux"`
+	TagName     string   `name:"tagName"     short:"tn" brief:"{cDockerTagNameBrief}"     v:"required-with:TagPrefixes"`
+	TagPrefixes []string `name:"tagPrefixes" short:"tp" brief:"{cDockerTagPrefixesBrief}" v:"required-with:TagName"`
+	Push        bool     `name:"push"        short:"p"  brief:"{cDockerPushBrief}" orphan:"true"`
+	Extra       string   `name:"extra"       short:"e"  brief:"{cDockerExtraBrief}"`
+}
+type cDockerOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cDocker) Index(ctx context.Context, in cDockerInput) (out *cDockerOutput, err error) {
+	// Necessary check.
+	if gproc.SearchBinary("docker") == "" {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`command "docker" not found in your environment, please install docker first to proceed this command`)
+	}
+
+	// Binary build.
+	in.Build += " --exit"
+	if in.Main != "" {
+		if err = gproc.ShellRun(fmt.Sprintf(`gf build %s %s`, in.Main, in.Build)); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Shell executing.
+	if gfile.Exists(in.Shell) {
+		if err = gproc.ShellRun(gfile.GetContents(in.Shell)); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// Docker build.
+	var (
+		dockerBuildOptions string
+		dockerTags         []string
+		dockerTagBase      string
+	)
+	if len(in.TagPrefixes) > 0 {
+		for _, tagPrefix := range in.TagPrefixes {
+			tagPrefix = gstr.TrimRight(tagPrefix, "/")
+			dockerTags = append(dockerTags, fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, tagPrefix, in.TagName))
+		}
+	}
+	if len(dockerTags) == 0 {
+		dockerTags = []string{""}
+	}
+	for i, dockerTag := range dockerTags {
+		if i > 0 {
+			err = gproc.ShellRun(fmt.Sprintf(`docker tag %s %s`, dockerTagBase, dockerTag))
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		dockerTagBase = dockerTag
+		dockerBuildOptions = ""
+		if dockerTag != "" {
+			dockerBuildOptions = fmt.Sprintf(`-t %s`, dockerTag)
+		}
+		if in.Extra != "" {
+			dockerBuildOptions = fmt.Sprintf(`%s %s`, dockerBuildOptions, in.Extra)
+		}
+		err = gproc.ShellRun(fmt.Sprintf(`docker build -f %s . %s`, in.File, dockerBuildOptions))
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Docker push.
+	if !in.Push {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, dockerTag := range dockerTags {
+		if dockerTag == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		err = gproc.ShellRun(fmt.Sprintf(`docker push %s`, dockerTag))
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_env.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_env.go
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
+)
+
+var (
+	Env = cEnv{}
+)
+
+type cEnv struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"env" brief:"show current Golang environment variables"`
+}
+
+type cEnvInput struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"env"`
+}
+type cEnvOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cEnv) Index(ctx context.Context, in cEnvInput) (out *cEnvOutput, err error) {
+	result, err := gproc.ShellExec("go env")
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result == "" {
+		mlog.Fatal(`retrieving Golang environment variables failed, did you install Golang?`)
+	}
+	var (
+		lines  = gstr.Split(result, "\n")
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	)
+	array := make([][]string, 0)
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = gstr.Trim(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if gstr.Pos(line, "set ") == 0 {
+			line = line[4:]
+		}
+		match, _ := gregex.MatchString(`(.+?)=(.*)`, line)
+		if len(match) < 3 {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`invalid Golang environment variable: "%s"`, line)
+		}
+		array = append(array, []string{gstr.Trim(match[1]), gstr.Trim(match[2])})
+	}
+	tw := tablewriter.NewWriter(buffer)
+	tw.SetColumnAlignment([]int{tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT, tablewriter.ALIGN_LEFT})
+	tw.AppendBulk(array)
+	tw.Render()
+	mlog.Print(buffer.String())
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen.go
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Gen = cGen{}
+)
+
+type cGen struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"gen" brief:"{cGenBrief}" dc:"{cGenDc}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cGenBrief = `automatically generate go files for dao/do/entity/pb/pbentity`
+	cGenDc    = `
+The "gen" command is designed for multiple generating purposes. 
+It's currently supporting generating go files for ORM models, protobuf and protobuf entity files.
+Please use "gf gen dao -h" for specified type help.
+`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cGenBrief`: cGenBrief,
+		`cGenDc`:    cGenDc,
+	})
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_dao.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_dao.go
@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/consts"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/utils"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/garray"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/database/gdb"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
+
+	_ "github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2"
+	_ "github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2"
+	_ "github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2"
+	//_ "github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2"
+)
+
+const (
+	cGenDaoConfig = `gfcli.gen.dao`
+	cGenDaoUsage  = `gf gen dao [OPTION]`
+	cGenDaoBrief  = `automatically generate go files for dao/do/entity`
+	cGenDaoEg     = `
+gf gen dao
+gf gen dao -l "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test"
+gf gen dao -p ./model -g user-center -t user,user_detail,user_login
+gf gen dao -r user_
+`
+
+	cGenDaoAd = `
+CONFIGURATION SUPPORT
+    Options are also supported by configuration file.
+    It's suggested using configuration file instead of command line arguments making producing.
+    The configuration node name is "gfcli.gen.dao", which also supports multiple databases, for example(config.yaml):
+	gfcli:
+	  gen:
+		dao:
+		- link:     "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test"
+		  tables:   "order,products"
+		  jsonCase: "CamelLower"
+
+		- link:   "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/primary"
+		  path:   "./my-app"
+		  prefix: "primary_"
+		  tables: "user, userDetail"
+`
+	cGenDaoBriefPath            = `directory path for generated files`
+	cGenDaoBriefLink            = `database configuration, the same as the ORM configuration of GoFrame`
+	cGenDaoBriefTables          = `generate models only for given tables, multiple table names separated with ','`
+	cGenDaoBriefTablesEx        = `generate models excluding given tables, multiple table names separated with ','`
+	cGenDaoBriefPrefix          = `add prefix for all table of specified link/database tables`
+	cGenDaoBriefRemovePrefix    = `remove specified prefix of the table, multiple prefix separated with ','`
+	cGenDaoBriefStdTime         = `use time.Time from stdlib instead of gtime.Time for generated time/date fields of tables`
+	cGenDaoBriefWithTime        = `add created time for auto produced go files`
+	cGenDaoBriefGJsonSupport    = `use gJsonSupport to use *gjson.Json instead of string for generated json fields of tables`
+	cGenDaoBriefImportPrefix    = `custom import prefix for generated go files`
+	cGenDaoBriefDaoPath         = `directory path for storing generated dao files under path`
+	cGenDaoBriefDoPath          = `directory path for storing generated do files under path`
+	cGenDaoBriefEntityPath      = `directory path for storing generated entity files under path`
+	cGenDaoBriefOverwriteDao    = `overwrite all dao files both inside/outside internal folder`
+	cGenDaoBriefModelFile       = `custom file name for storing generated model content`
+	cGenDaoBriefModelFileForDao = `custom file name generating model for DAO operations like Where/Data. It's empty in default`
+	cGenDaoBriefDescriptionTag  = `add comment to description tag for each field`
+	cGenDaoBriefNoJsonTag       = `no json tag will be added for each field`
+	cGenDaoBriefNoModelComment  = `no model comment will be added for each field`
+	cGenDaoBriefGroup           = `
+specifying the configuration group name of database for generated ORM instance,
+it's not necessary and the default value is "default"
+`
+	cGenDaoBriefJsonCase = `
+generated json tag case for model struct, cases are as follows:
+| Case            | Example            |
+|---------------- |--------------------|
+| Camel           | AnyKindOfString    |
+| CamelLower      | anyKindOfString    | default
+| Snake           | any_kind_of_string |
+| SnakeScreaming  | ANY_KIND_OF_STRING |
+| SnakeFirstUpper | rgb_code_md5       |
+| Kebab           | any-kind-of-string |
+| KebabScreaming  | ANY-KIND-OF-STRING |
+`
+
+	tplVarTableName               = `{TplTableName}`
+	tplVarTableNameCamelCase      = `{TplTableNameCamelCase}`
+	tplVarTableNameCamelLowerCase = `{TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}`
+	tplVarPackageImports          = `{TplPackageImports}`
+	tplVarImportPrefix            = `{TplImportPrefix}`
+	tplVarStructDefine            = `{TplStructDefine}`
+	tplVarColumnDefine            = `{TplColumnDefine}`
+	tplVarColumnNames             = `{TplColumnNames}`
+	tplVarGroupName               = `{TplGroupName}`
+	tplVarDatetimeStr             = `{TplDatetimeStr}`
+)
+
+var (
+	createdAt = gtime.Now()
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cGenDaoConfig`:               cGenDaoConfig,
+		`cGenDaoUsage`:                cGenDaoUsage,
+		`cGenDaoBrief`:                cGenDaoBrief,
+		`cGenDaoEg`:                   cGenDaoEg,
+		`cGenDaoAd`:                   cGenDaoAd,
+		`cGenDaoBriefPath`:            cGenDaoBriefPath,
+		`cGenDaoBriefLink`:            cGenDaoBriefLink,
+		`cGenDaoBriefTables`:          cGenDaoBriefTables,
+		`cGenDaoBriefTablesEx`:        cGenDaoBriefTablesEx,
+		`cGenDaoBriefPrefix`:          cGenDaoBriefPrefix,
+		`cGenDaoBriefRemovePrefix`:    cGenDaoBriefRemovePrefix,
+		`cGenDaoBriefStdTime`:         cGenDaoBriefStdTime,
+		`cGenDaoBriefWithTime`:        cGenDaoBriefWithTime,
+		`cGenDaoBriefDaoPath`:         cGenDaoBriefDaoPath,
+		`cGenDaoBriefDoPath`:          cGenDaoBriefDoPath,
+		`cGenDaoBriefEntityPath`:      cGenDaoBriefEntityPath,
+		`cGenDaoBriefGJsonSupport`:    cGenDaoBriefGJsonSupport,
+		`cGenDaoBriefImportPrefix`:    cGenDaoBriefImportPrefix,
+		`cGenDaoBriefOverwriteDao`:    cGenDaoBriefOverwriteDao,
+		`cGenDaoBriefModelFile`:       cGenDaoBriefModelFile,
+		`cGenDaoBriefModelFileForDao`: cGenDaoBriefModelFileForDao,
+		`cGenDaoBriefDescriptionTag`:  cGenDaoBriefDescriptionTag,
+		`cGenDaoBriefNoJsonTag`:       cGenDaoBriefNoJsonTag,
+		`cGenDaoBriefNoModelComment`:  cGenDaoBriefNoModelComment,
+		`cGenDaoBriefGroup`:           cGenDaoBriefGroup,
+		`cGenDaoBriefJsonCase`:        cGenDaoBriefJsonCase,
+	})
+}
+
+type (
+	cGenDaoInput struct {
+		g.Meta         `name:"dao" config:"{cGenDaoConfig}" usage:"{cGenDaoUsage}" brief:"{cGenDaoBrief}" eg:"{cGenDaoEg}" ad:"{cGenDaoAd}"`
+		Path           string `name:"path"            short:"p"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefPath}" d:"internal"`
+		Link           string `name:"link"            short:"l"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefLink}"`
+		Tables         string `name:"tables"          short:"t"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefTables}"`
+		TablesEx       string `name:"tablesEx"        short:"x"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefTablesEx}"`
+		Group          string `name:"group"           short:"g"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefGroup}" d:"default"`
+		Prefix         string `name:"prefix"          short:"f"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefPrefix}"`
+		RemovePrefix   string `name:"removePrefix"    short:"r"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefRemovePrefix}"`
+		JsonCase       string `name:"jsonCase"        short:"j"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefJsonCase}" d:"CamelLower"`
+		ImportPrefix   string `name:"importPrefix"    short:"i"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefImportPrefix}"`
+		DaoPath        string `name:"daoPath"         short:"d"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefDaoPath}"    d:"dao"`
+		DoPath         string `name:"doPath"          short:"o"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefDoPath}"     d:"model/do"`
+		EntityPath     string `name:"entityPath"      short:"e"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefEntityPath}" d:"model/entity"`
+		StdTime        bool   `name:"stdTime"         short:"s"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefStdTime}"         orphan:"true"`
+		WithTime       bool   `name:"withTime"        short:"w"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefWithTime}"        orphan:"true"`
+		GJsonSupport   bool   `name:"gJsonSupport"    short:"n"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefGJsonSupport}"    orphan:"true"`
+		OverwriteDao   bool   `name:"overwriteDao"    short:"v"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefOverwriteDao}"    orphan:"true"`
+		DescriptionTag bool   `name:"descriptionTag"  short:"c"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefDescriptionTag}"  orphan:"true"`
+		NoJsonTag      bool   `name:"noJsonTag"       short:"k"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefNoJsonTag"        orphan:"true"`
+		NoModelComment bool   `name:"noModelComment"  short:"m"  brief:"{cGenDaoBriefNoModelComment}"  orphan:"true"`
+	}
+	cGenDaoOutput struct{}
+
+	cGenDaoInternalInput struct {
+		cGenDaoInput
+		TableName    string // TableName specifies the table name of the table.
+		NewTableName string // NewTableName specifies the prefix-stripped name of the table.
+		ModName      string // ModName specifies the module name of current golang project, which is used for import purpose.
+	}
+)
+
+func (c cGen) Dao(ctx context.Context, in cGenDaoInput) (out *cGenDaoOutput, err error) {
+	if g.Cfg().Available(ctx) {
+		v := g.Cfg().MustGet(ctx, cGenDaoConfig)
+		if v.IsSlice() {
+			for i := 0; i < len(v.Interfaces()); i++ {
+				doGenDaoForArray(ctx, i, in)
+			}
+		} else {
+			doGenDaoForArray(ctx, -1, in)
+		}
+	} else {
+		doGenDaoForArray(ctx, -1, in)
+	}
+	mlog.Print("done!")
+	return
+}
+
+// doGenDaoForArray implements the "gen dao" command for configuration array.
+func doGenDaoForArray(ctx context.Context, index int, in cGenDaoInput) {
+	var (
+		err     error
+		db      gdb.DB
+		modName string // Go module name, eg: github.com/gogf/gf.
+	)
+	if index >= 0 {
+		err = g.Cfg().MustGet(
+			ctx,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%d`, cGenDaoConfig, index),
+		).Scan(&in)
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`invalid configuration of "%s": %+v`, cGenDaoConfig, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if dirRealPath := gfile.RealPath(in.Path); dirRealPath == "" {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`path "%s" does not exist`, in.Path)
+	}
+	removePrefixArray := gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.RemovePrefix, ",")
+	if in.ImportPrefix == "" {
+		if !gfile.Exists("go.mod") {
+			mlog.Fatal("go.mod does not exist in current working directory")
+		}
+		var (
+			goModContent = gfile.GetContents("go.mod")
+			match, _     = gregex.MatchString(`^module\s+(.+)\s*`, goModContent)
+		)
+		if len(match) > 1 {
+			modName = gstr.Trim(match[1])
+		} else {
+			mlog.Fatal("module name does not found in go.mod")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// It uses user passed database configuration.
+	if in.Link != "" {
+		var (
+			tempGroup = gtime.TimestampNanoStr()
+			match, _  = gregex.MatchString(`([a-z]+):(.+)`, in.Link)
+		)
+		if len(match) == 3 {
+			gdb.AddConfigNode(tempGroup, gdb.ConfigNode{
+				Type: gstr.Trim(match[1]),
+				Link: gstr.Trim(match[2]),
+			})
+			if db, err = gdb.Instance(tempGroup); err != nil {
+				mlog.Debugf(`database initialization failed: %+v`, err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`invalid database configuration: %s`, in.Link)
+		}
+	} else {
+		db = g.DB(in.Group)
+	}
+	if db == nil {
+		mlog.Fatal(`database initialization failed, may be invalid database configuration`)
+	}
+
+	var tableNames []string
+	if in.Tables != "" {
+		tableNames = gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.Tables, ",")
+	} else {
+		tableNames, err = db.Tables(context.TODO())
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("fetching tables failed: %+v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Table excluding.
+	if in.TablesEx != "" {
+		array := garray.NewStrArrayFrom(tableNames)
+		for _, v := range gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.TablesEx, ",") {
+			array.RemoveValue(v)
+		}
+		tableNames = array.Slice()
+	}
+
+	// Generating dao & model go files one by one according to given table name.
+	newTableNames := make([]string, len(tableNames))
+	for i, tableName := range tableNames {
+		newTableName := tableName
+		for _, v := range removePrefixArray {
+			newTableName = gstr.TrimLeftStr(newTableName, v, 1)
+		}
+		newTableName = in.Prefix + newTableName
+		newTableNames[i] = newTableName
+		// Dao.
+		generateDao(ctx, db, cGenDaoInternalInput{
+			cGenDaoInput: in,
+			TableName:    tableName,
+			NewTableName: newTableName,
+			ModName:      modName,
+		})
+	}
+	// Do.
+	generateDo(ctx, db, tableNames, newTableNames, cGenDaoInternalInput{
+		cGenDaoInput: in,
+		ModName:      modName,
+	})
+	// Entity.
+	generateEntity(ctx, db, tableNames, newTableNames, cGenDaoInternalInput{
+		cGenDaoInput: in,
+		ModName:      modName,
+	})
+}
+
+// generateDaoContentFile generates the dao and model content of given table.
+func generateDao(ctx context.Context, db gdb.DB, in cGenDaoInternalInput) {
+	// Generating table data preparing.
+	fieldMap, err := db.TableFields(ctx, in.TableName)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`fetching tables fields failed for table "%s": %+v`, in.TableName, err)
+	}
+	var (
+		dirRealPath             = gfile.RealPath(in.Path)
+		dirPathDao              = gfile.Join(in.Path, in.DaoPath)
+		tableNameCamelCase      = gstr.CaseCamel(in.NewTableName)
+		tableNameCamelLowerCase = gstr.CaseCamelLower(in.NewTableName)
+		tableNameSnakeCase      = gstr.CaseSnake(in.NewTableName)
+		importPrefix            = in.ImportPrefix
+	)
+	if importPrefix == "" {
+		if dirRealPath == "" {
+			dirRealPath = in.Path
+			importPrefix = dirRealPath
+			importPrefix = gstr.Trim(dirRealPath, "./")
+		} else {
+			importPrefix = gstr.Replace(dirRealPath, gfile.Pwd(), "")
+		}
+		importPrefix = gstr.Replace(importPrefix, gfile.Separator, "/")
+		importPrefix = gstr.Join(g.SliceStr{in.ModName, importPrefix, in.DaoPath}, "/")
+		importPrefix, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`\/{2,}`, `/`, gstr.Trim(importPrefix, "/"))
+	} else {
+		importPrefix = gstr.Join(g.SliceStr{importPrefix, in.DaoPath}, "/")
+	}
+
+	fileName := gstr.Trim(tableNameSnakeCase, "-_.")
+	if len(fileName) > 5 && fileName[len(fileName)-5:] == "_test" {
+		// Add suffix to avoid the table name which contains "_test",
+		// which would make the go file a testing file.
+		fileName += "_table"
+	}
+
+	// dao - index
+	generateDaoIndex(in, tableNameCamelCase, tableNameCamelLowerCase, importPrefix, dirPathDao, fileName)
+
+	// dao - internal
+	generateDaoInternal(in, tableNameCamelCase, tableNameCamelLowerCase, importPrefix, dirPathDao, fileName, fieldMap)
+}
+
+func generateDo(ctx context.Context, db gdb.DB, tableNames, newTableNames []string, in cGenDaoInternalInput) {
+	var (
+		doDirPath = gfile.Join(in.Path, in.DoPath)
+	)
+	in.NoJsonTag = true
+	in.DescriptionTag = false
+	in.NoModelComment = false
+	// Model content.
+	for i, tableName := range tableNames {
+		in.TableName = tableName
+		fieldMap, err := db.TableFields(ctx, tableName)
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("fetching tables fields failed for table '%s':\n%v", in.TableName, err)
+		}
+		var (
+			newTableName     = newTableNames[i]
+			doFilePath       = gfile.Join(doDirPath, gstr.CaseSnake(newTableName)+".go")
+			structDefinition = generateStructDefinition(generateStructDefinitionInput{
+				cGenDaoInternalInput: in,
+				StructName:           gstr.CaseCamel(newTableName),
+				FieldMap:             fieldMap,
+				IsDo:                 true,
+			})
+		)
+		// replace all types to interface{}.
+		structDefinition, _ = gregex.ReplaceStringFuncMatch(
+			"([A-Z]\\w*?)\\s+([\\w\\*\\.]+?)\\s+(//)",
+			structDefinition,
+			func(match []string) string {
+				// If the type is already a pointer/slice/map, it does nothing.
+				if !gstr.HasPrefix(match[2], "*") && !gstr.HasPrefix(match[2], "[]") && !gstr.HasPrefix(match[2], "map") {
+					return fmt.Sprintf(`%s interface{} %s`, match[1], match[3])
+				}
+				return match[0]
+			},
+		)
+		modelContent := generateDoContent(
+			in,
+			tableName,
+			gstr.CaseCamel(newTableName),
+			structDefinition,
+		)
+		err = gfile.PutContents(doFilePath, strings.TrimSpace(modelContent))
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`writing content to "%s" failed: %v`, doFilePath, err)
+		} else {
+			utils.GoFmt(doFilePath)
+			mlog.Print("generated:", doFilePath)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func generateEntity(ctx context.Context, db gdb.DB, tableNames, newTableNames []string, in cGenDaoInternalInput) {
+	var (
+		entityDirPath = gfile.Join(in.Path, in.EntityPath)
+	)
+
+	// Model content.
+	for i, tableName := range tableNames {
+		fieldMap, err := db.TableFields(ctx, tableName)
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("fetching tables fields failed for table '%s':\n%v", in.TableName, err)
+		}
+		var (
+			newTableName   = newTableNames[i]
+			entityFilePath = gfile.Join(entityDirPath, gstr.CaseSnake(newTableName)+".go")
+			entityContent  = generateEntityContent(
+				in,
+				newTableName,
+				gstr.CaseCamel(newTableName),
+				generateStructDefinition(generateStructDefinitionInput{
+					cGenDaoInternalInput: in,
+					StructName:           gstr.CaseCamel(newTableName),
+					FieldMap:             fieldMap,
+					IsDo:                 false,
+				}),
+			)
+		)
+		err = gfile.PutContents(entityFilePath, strings.TrimSpace(entityContent))
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("writing content to '%s' failed: %v", entityFilePath, err)
+		} else {
+			utils.GoFmt(entityFilePath)
+			mlog.Print("generated:", entityFilePath)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func getImportPartContent(source string, isDo bool) string {
+	var (
+		packageImportsArray = garray.NewStrArray()
+	)
+
+	if isDo {
+		packageImportsArray.Append(`"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"`)
+	}
+
+	// Time package recognition.
+	if strings.Contains(source, "gtime.Time") {
+		packageImportsArray.Append(`"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"`)
+	} else if strings.Contains(source, "time.Time") {
+		packageImportsArray.Append(`"time"`)
+	}
+
+	// Json type.
+	if strings.Contains(source, "gjson.Json") {
+		packageImportsArray.Append(`"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/encoding/gjson"`)
+	}
+
+	// Generate and write content to golang file.
+	packageImportsStr := ""
+	if packageImportsArray.Len() > 0 {
+		packageImportsStr = fmt.Sprintf("import(\n%s\n)", packageImportsArray.Join("\n"))
+	}
+	return packageImportsStr
+}
+
+func generateEntityContent(in cGenDaoInternalInput, tableName, tableNameCamelCase, structDefine string) string {
+	entityContent := gstr.ReplaceByMap(consts.TemplateGenDaoEntityContent, g.MapStrStr{
+		tplVarTableName:          tableName,
+		tplVarPackageImports:     getImportPartContent(structDefine, false),
+		tplVarTableNameCamelCase: tableNameCamelCase,
+		tplVarStructDefine:       structDefine,
+	})
+	entityContent = replaceDefaultVar(in, entityContent)
+	return entityContent
+}
+
+func generateDoContent(in cGenDaoInternalInput, tableName, tableNameCamelCase, structDefine string) string {
+	doContent := gstr.ReplaceByMap(consts.TemplateGenDaoDoContent, g.MapStrStr{
+		tplVarTableName:          tableName,
+		tplVarPackageImports:     getImportPartContent(structDefine, true),
+		tplVarTableNameCamelCase: tableNameCamelCase,
+		tplVarStructDefine:       structDefine,
+	})
+	doContent = replaceDefaultVar(in, doContent)
+	return doContent
+}
+
+func generateDaoIndex(in cGenDaoInternalInput, tableNameCamelCase, tableNameCamelLowerCase, importPrefix, dirPathDao, fileName string) {
+	path := gfile.Join(dirPathDao, fileName+".go")
+	if in.OverwriteDao || !gfile.Exists(path) {
+		indexContent := gstr.ReplaceByMap(getTplDaoIndexContent(""), g.MapStrStr{
+			tplVarImportPrefix:            importPrefix,
+			tplVarTableName:               in.TableName,
+			tplVarTableNameCamelCase:      tableNameCamelCase,
+			tplVarTableNameCamelLowerCase: tableNameCamelLowerCase,
+		})
+		indexContent = replaceDefaultVar(in, indexContent)
+		if err := gfile.PutContents(path, strings.TrimSpace(indexContent)); err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("writing content to '%s' failed: %v", path, err)
+		} else {
+			utils.GoFmt(path)
+			mlog.Print("generated:", path)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func generateDaoInternal(
+	in cGenDaoInternalInput,
+	tableNameCamelCase, tableNameCamelLowerCase, importPrefix string,
+	dirPathDao, fileName string,
+	fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField,
+) {
+	path := gfile.Join(dirPathDao, "internal", fileName+".go")
+	modelContent := gstr.ReplaceByMap(getTplDaoInternalContent(""), g.MapStrStr{
+		tplVarImportPrefix:            importPrefix,
+		tplVarTableName:               in.TableName,
+		tplVarGroupName:               in.Group,
+		tplVarTableNameCamelCase:      tableNameCamelCase,
+		tplVarTableNameCamelLowerCase: tableNameCamelLowerCase,
+		tplVarColumnDefine:            gstr.Trim(generateColumnDefinitionForDao(fieldMap)),
+		tplVarColumnNames:             gstr.Trim(generateColumnNamesForDao(fieldMap)),
+	})
+	modelContent = replaceDefaultVar(in, modelContent)
+	if err := gfile.PutContents(path, strings.TrimSpace(modelContent)); err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf("writing content to '%s' failed: %v", path, err)
+	} else {
+		utils.GoFmt(path)
+		mlog.Print("generated:", path)
+	}
+}
+
+func replaceDefaultVar(in cGenDaoInternalInput, origin string) string {
+	var tplDatetimeStr string
+	if in.WithTime {
+		tplDatetimeStr = fmt.Sprintf(`Created at %s`, createdAt.String())
+	}
+	return gstr.ReplaceByMap(origin, g.MapStrStr{
+		tplVarDatetimeStr: tplDatetimeStr,
+	})
+}
+
+type generateStructDefinitionInput struct {
+	cGenDaoInternalInput
+	StructName string                     // Struct name.
+	FieldMap   map[string]*gdb.TableField // Table field map.
+	IsDo       bool                       // Is generating DTO struct.
+}
+
+func generateStructDefinition(in generateStructDefinitionInput) string {
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	array := make([][]string, len(in.FieldMap))
+	names := sortFieldKeyForDao(in.FieldMap)
+	for index, name := range names {
+		field := in.FieldMap[name]
+		array[index] = generateStructFieldDefinition(field, in)
+	}
+	tw := tablewriter.NewWriter(buffer)
+	tw.SetBorder(false)
+	tw.SetRowLine(false)
+	tw.SetAutoWrapText(false)
+	tw.SetColumnSeparator("")
+	tw.AppendBulk(array)
+	tw.Render()
+	stContent := buffer.String()
+	// Let's do this hack of table writer for indent!
+	stContent = gstr.Replace(stContent, "  #", "")
+	stContent = gstr.Replace(stContent, "` ", "`")
+	stContent = gstr.Replace(stContent, "``", "")
+	buffer.Reset()
+	buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("type %s struct {\n", in.StructName))
+	if in.IsDo {
+		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("g.Meta `orm:\"table:%s, do:true\"`\n", in.TableName))
+	}
+	buffer.WriteString(stContent)
+	buffer.WriteString("}")
+	return buffer.String()
+}
+
+// generateStructFieldForModel generates and returns the attribute definition for specified field.
+func generateStructFieldDefinition(field *gdb.TableField, in generateStructDefinitionInput) []string {
+	var (
+		typeName string
+		jsonTag  = getJsonTagFromCase(field.Name, in.JsonCase)
+	)
+	t, _ := gregex.ReplaceString(`\(.+\)`, "", field.Type)
+	t = gstr.Split(gstr.Trim(t), " ")[0]
+	t = gstr.ToLower(t)
+	switch t {
+	case "binary", "varbinary", "blob", "tinyblob", "mediumblob", "longblob":
+		typeName = "[]byte"
+
+	case "bit", "int", "int2", "tinyint", "small_int", "smallint", "medium_int", "mediumint", "serial":
+		if gstr.ContainsI(field.Type, "unsigned") {
+			typeName = "uint"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "int"
+		}
+
+	case "int4", "int8", "big_int", "bigint", "bigserial":
+		if gstr.ContainsI(field.Type, "unsigned") {
+			typeName = "uint64"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "int64"
+		}
+
+	case "real":
+		typeName = "float32"
+
+	case "float", "double", "decimal", "smallmoney", "numeric":
+		typeName = "float64"
+
+	case "bool":
+		typeName = "bool"
+
+	case "datetime", "timestamp", "date", "time":
+		if in.StdTime {
+			typeName = "time.Time"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "*gtime.Time"
+		}
+	case "json", "jsonb":
+		if in.GJsonSupport {
+			typeName = "*gjson.Json"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "string"
+		}
+	default:
+		// Automatically detect its data type.
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(t, "int"):
+			typeName = "int"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "text") || strings.Contains(t, "char"):
+			typeName = "string"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "float") || strings.Contains(t, "double"):
+			typeName = "float64"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "bool"):
+			typeName = "bool"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "binary") || strings.Contains(t, "blob"):
+			typeName = "[]byte"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "date") || strings.Contains(t, "time"):
+			if in.StdTime {
+				typeName = "time.Time"
+			} else {
+				typeName = "*gtime.Time"
+			}
+		default:
+			typeName = "string"
+		}
+	}
+
+	var (
+		tagKey = "`"
+		result = []string{
+			"    #" + gstr.CaseCamel(field.Name),
+			" #" + typeName,
+		}
+		descriptionTag = gstr.Replace(formatComment(field.Comment), `"`, `\"`)
+	)
+
+	result = append(result, " #"+fmt.Sprintf(tagKey+`json:"%s"`, jsonTag))
+	result = append(result, " #"+fmt.Sprintf(`description:"%s"`+tagKey, descriptionTag))
+	result = append(result, " #"+fmt.Sprintf(`// %s`, formatComment(field.Comment)))
+
+	for k, v := range result {
+		if in.NoJsonTag {
+			v, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`json:".+"`, ``, v)
+		}
+		if !in.DescriptionTag {
+			v, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`description:".*"`, ``, v)
+		}
+		if in.NoModelComment {
+			v, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`//.+`, ``, v)
+		}
+		result[k] = v
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// formatComment formats the comment string to fit the golang code without any lines.
+func formatComment(comment string) string {
+	comment = gstr.ReplaceByArray(comment, g.SliceStr{
+		"\n", " ",
+		"\r", " ",
+	})
+	comment = gstr.Replace(comment, `\n`, " ")
+	comment = gstr.Trim(comment)
+	return comment
+}
+
+// generateColumnDefinitionForDao generates and returns the column names definition for specified table.
+func generateColumnDefinitionForDao(fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField) string {
+	var (
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+		array  = make([][]string, len(fieldMap))
+		names  = sortFieldKeyForDao(fieldMap)
+	)
+	for index, name := range names {
+		var (
+			field   = fieldMap[name]
+			comment = gstr.Trim(gstr.ReplaceByArray(field.Comment, g.SliceStr{
+				"\n", " ",
+				"\r", " ",
+			}))
+		)
+		array[index] = []string{
+			"    #" + gstr.CaseCamel(field.Name),
+			" # " + "string",
+			" #" + fmt.Sprintf(`// %s`, comment),
+		}
+	}
+	tw := tablewriter.NewWriter(buffer)
+	tw.SetBorder(false)
+	tw.SetRowLine(false)
+	tw.SetAutoWrapText(false)
+	tw.SetColumnSeparator("")
+	tw.AppendBulk(array)
+	tw.Render()
+	defineContent := buffer.String()
+	// Let's do this hack of table writer for indent!
+	defineContent = gstr.Replace(defineContent, "  #", "")
+	buffer.Reset()
+	buffer.WriteString(defineContent)
+	return buffer.String()
+}
+
+// generateColumnNamesForDao generates and returns the column names assignment content of column struct
+// for specified table.
+func generateColumnNamesForDao(fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField) string {
+	var (
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+		array  = make([][]string, len(fieldMap))
+		names  = sortFieldKeyForDao(fieldMap)
+	)
+	for index, name := range names {
+		field := fieldMap[name]
+		array[index] = []string{
+			"            #" + gstr.CaseCamel(field.Name) + ":",
+			fmt.Sprintf(` #"%s",`, field.Name),
+		}
+	}
+	tw := tablewriter.NewWriter(buffer)
+	tw.SetBorder(false)
+	tw.SetRowLine(false)
+	tw.SetAutoWrapText(false)
+	tw.SetColumnSeparator("")
+	tw.AppendBulk(array)
+	tw.Render()
+	namesContent := buffer.String()
+	// Let's do this hack of table writer for indent!
+	namesContent = gstr.Replace(namesContent, "  #", "")
+	buffer.Reset()
+	buffer.WriteString(namesContent)
+	return buffer.String()
+}
+
+func getTplDaoIndexContent(tplDaoIndexPath string) string {
+	if tplDaoIndexPath != "" {
+		return gfile.GetContents(tplDaoIndexPath)
+	}
+	return consts.TemplateDaoDaoIndexContent
+}
+
+func getTplDaoInternalContent(tplDaoInternalPath string) string {
+	if tplDaoInternalPath != "" {
+		return gfile.GetContents(tplDaoInternalPath)
+	}
+	return consts.TemplateDaoDaoInternalContent
+}
+
+// getJsonTagFromCase call gstr.Case* function to convert the s to specified case.
+func getJsonTagFromCase(str, caseStr string) string {
+	switch gstr.ToLower(caseStr) {
+	case gstr.ToLower("Camel"):
+		return gstr.CaseCamel(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("CamelLower"):
+		return gstr.CaseCamelLower(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("Kebab"):
+		return gstr.CaseKebab(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("KebabScreaming"):
+		return gstr.CaseKebabScreaming(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("Snake"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnake(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("SnakeFirstUpper"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnakeFirstUpper(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("SnakeScreaming"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnakeScreaming(str)
+	}
+	return str
+}
+
+func sortFieldKeyForDao(fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField) []string {
+	names := make(map[int]string)
+	for _, field := range fieldMap {
+		names[field.Index] = field.Name
+	}
+	var (
+		i      = 0
+		j      = 0
+		result = make([]string, len(names))
+	)
+	for {
+		if len(names) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		if val, ok := names[i]; ok {
+			result[j] = val
+			j++
+			delete(names, i)
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	return result
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_pb.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_pb.go
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gset"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/genv"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+)
+
+type (
+	cGenPbInput struct {
+		g.Meta `name:"pb" brief:"parse proto files and generate protobuf go files"`
+	}
+	cGenPbOutput struct{}
+)
+
+func (c cGen) Pb(ctx context.Context, in cGenPbInput) (out *cGenPbOutput, err error) {
+	// Necessary check.
+	if gproc.SearchBinary("protoc") == "" {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`command "protoc" not found in your environment, please install protoc first to proceed this command`)
+	}
+
+	// protocol fold checks.
+	protoFolder := "protocol"
+	if !gfile.Exists(protoFolder) {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`proto files folder "%s" does not exist`, protoFolder)
+	}
+	// folder scanning.
+	files, err := gfile.ScanDirFile(protoFolder, "*.proto", true)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(files) == 0 {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`no proto files found in folder "%s"`, protoFolder)
+	}
+	dirSet := gset.NewStrSet()
+	for _, file := range files {
+		dirSet.Add(gfile.Dir(file))
+	}
+	var (
+		servicePath = gfile.RealPath(".")
+		goPathSrc   = gfile.RealPath(gfile.Join(genv.Get("GOPATH").String(), "src"))
+	)
+	dirSet.Iterator(func(protoDirPath string) bool {
+		parsingCommand := fmt.Sprintf(
+			"protoc --gofast_out=plugins=grpc:. %s/*.proto -I%s",
+			protoDirPath,
+			servicePath,
+		)
+		if goPathSrc != "" {
+			parsingCommand += " -I" + goPathSrc
+		}
+		mlog.Print(parsingCommand)
+		if output, err := gproc.ShellExec(parsingCommand); err != nil {
+			mlog.Print(output)
+			mlog.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	// Custom replacement.
+	//pbFolder := "protobuf"
+	//_, _ = gfile.ScanDirFileFunc(pbFolder, "*.go", true, func(path string) string {
+	//	content := gfile.GetContents(path)
+	//	content = gstr.ReplaceByArray(content, g.SliceStr{
+	//		`gtime "gtime"`, `gtime "github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"`,
+	//	})
+	//	_ = gfile.PutContents(path, content)
+	//	utils.GoFmt(path)
+	//	return path
+	//})
+	mlog.Print("done!")
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_pbentity.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_pbentity.go
@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/consts"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/database/gdb"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
+)
+
+const (
+	cGenPbEntityConfig = `gfcli.gen.pbentity`
+	cGenPbEntityBrief  = `generate entity message files in protobuf3 format`
+	cGenPbEntityEg     = `
+gf gen pbentity
+gf gen pbentity -l "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test"
+gf gen pbentity -p ./protocol/demos/entity -t user,user_detail,user_login
+gf gen pbentity -r user_
+`
+
+	cGenPbEntityAd = `
+CONFIGURATION SUPPORT
+    Options are also supported by configuration file.
+    It's suggested using configuration file instead of command line arguments making producing. 
+    The configuration node name is "gf.gen.pbentity", which also supports multiple databases, for example(config.yaml):
+    gfcli:
+      gen:
+      - pbentity:
+            link:    "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test"
+            path:    "protocol/demos/entity"
+            tables:  "order,products"
+            package: "demos"
+      - pbentity:
+            link:    "mysql:root:12345678@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/primary"
+            path:    "protocol/demos/entity"
+            prefix:  "primary_"
+            tables:  "user, userDetail"
+            package: "demos"
+            option:  |
+			  option go_package    = "protobuf/demos";
+			  option java_package  = "protobuf/demos";
+			  option php_namespace = "protobuf/demos";
+`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefPath         = `directory path for generated files`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefPackage      = `package name for all entity proto files`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefLink         = `database configuration, the same as the ORM configuration of GoFrame`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefTables       = `generate models only for given tables, multiple table names separated with ','`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefPrefix       = `add specified prefix for all entity names and entity proto files`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefRemovePrefix = `remove specified prefix of the table, multiple prefix separated with ','`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefOption       = `extra protobuf options`
+	cGenPbEntityBriefGroup        = `
+specifying the configuration group name of database for generated ORM instance,
+it's not necessary and the default value is "default"
+`
+
+	cGenPbEntityBriefNameCase = `
+case for message attribute names, default is "Camel":
+| Case            | Example            |
+|---------------- |--------------------|
+| Camel           | AnyKindOfString    | 
+| CamelLower      | anyKindOfString    | default
+| Snake           | any_kind_of_string |
+| SnakeScreaming  | ANY_KIND_OF_STRING |
+| SnakeFirstUpper | rgb_code_md5       |
+| Kebab           | any-kind-of-string |
+| KebabScreaming  | ANY-KIND-OF-STRING |
+`
+
+	cGenPbEntityBriefJsonCase = `
+case for message json tag, cases are the same as "nameCase", default "CamelLower".
+set it to "none" to ignore json tag generating.
+`
+)
+
+type (
+	cGenPbEntityInput struct {
+		g.Meta       `name:"pbentity" config:"{cGenPbEntityConfig}" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBrief}" eg:"{cGenPbEntityEg}" ad:"{cGenPbEntityAd}"`
+		Path         string `name:"path"         short:"p" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefPath}"`
+		Package      string `name:"package"      short:"k" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefPackage}"`
+		Link         string `name:"link"         short:"l" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefLink}"`
+		Tables       string `name:"tables"       short:"t" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefTables}"`
+		Prefix       string `name:"prefix"       short:"f" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefPrefix}"`
+		RemovePrefix string `name:"removePrefix" short:"r" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefRemovePrefix}"`
+		NameCase     string `name:"nameCase"     short:"n" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefNameCase}" d:"Camel"`
+		JsonCase     string `name:"jsonCase"     short:"j" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefJsonCase}" d:"CamelLower"`
+		Option       string `name:"option"       short:"o" brief:"{cGenPbEntityBriefOption}"`
+	}
+	cGenPbEntityOutput struct{}
+
+	cGenPbEntityInternalInput struct {
+		cGenPbEntityInput
+		TableName    string // TableName specifies the table name of the table.
+		NewTableName string // NewTableName specifies the prefix-stripped name of the table.
+	}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cGenPbEntityConfig`:            cGenPbEntityConfig,
+		`cGenPbEntityBrief`:             cGenPbEntityBrief,
+		`cGenPbEntityEg`:                cGenPbEntityEg,
+		`cGenPbEntityAd`:                cGenPbEntityAd,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefPath`:         cGenPbEntityBriefPath,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefPackage`:      cGenPbEntityBriefPackage,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefLink`:         cGenPbEntityBriefLink,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefTables`:       cGenPbEntityBriefTables,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefPrefix`:       cGenPbEntityBriefPrefix,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefRemovePrefix`: cGenPbEntityBriefRemovePrefix,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefGroup`:        cGenPbEntityBriefGroup,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefNameCase`:     cGenPbEntityBriefNameCase,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefJsonCase`:     cGenPbEntityBriefJsonCase,
+		`cGenPbEntityBriefOption`:       cGenPbEntityBriefOption,
+	})
+}
+
+func (c cGen) PbEntity(ctx context.Context, in cGenPbEntityInput) (out *cGenPbEntityOutput, err error) {
+	var (
+		config = g.Cfg()
+	)
+	if config.Available(ctx) {
+		v := config.MustGet(ctx, cGenPbEntityConfig)
+		if v.IsSlice() {
+			for i := 0; i < len(v.Interfaces()); i++ {
+				doGenPbEntityForArray(ctx, i, in)
+			}
+		} else {
+			doGenPbEntityForArray(ctx, -1, in)
+		}
+	} else {
+		doGenPbEntityForArray(ctx, -1, in)
+	}
+	mlog.Print("done!")
+	return
+}
+
+func doGenPbEntityForArray(ctx context.Context, index int, in cGenPbEntityInput) {
+	var (
+		err error
+		db  gdb.DB
+	)
+	if index >= 0 {
+		err = g.Cfg().MustGet(
+			ctx,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%d`, cGenDaoConfig, index),
+		).Scan(&in)
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`invalid configuration of "%s": %+v`, cGenDaoConfig, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if in.Package == "" {
+		mlog.Fatal("package name should not be empty")
+	}
+	removePrefixArray := gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.RemovePrefix, ",")
+	// It uses user passed database configuration.
+	if in.Link != "" {
+		var (
+			tempGroup = gtime.TimestampNanoStr()
+			match, _  = gregex.MatchString(`([a-z]+):(.+)`, in.Link)
+		)
+		if len(match) == 3 {
+			gdb.AddConfigNode(tempGroup, gdb.ConfigNode{
+				Type: gstr.Trim(match[1]),
+				Link: gstr.Trim(match[2]),
+			})
+			db, _ = gdb.Instance(tempGroup)
+		}
+	} else {
+		db = g.DB()
+	}
+	if db == nil {
+		mlog.Fatal("database initialization failed")
+	}
+
+	tableNames := ([]string)(nil)
+	if in.Tables != "" {
+		tableNames = gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.Tables, ",")
+	} else {
+		tableNames, err = db.Tables(context.TODO())
+		if err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("fetching tables failed: \n %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, tableName := range tableNames {
+		newTableName := tableName
+		for _, v := range removePrefixArray {
+			newTableName = gstr.TrimLeftStr(newTableName, v, 1)
+		}
+		generatePbEntityContentFile(ctx, db, cGenPbEntityInternalInput{
+			cGenPbEntityInput: in,
+			TableName:         tableName,
+			NewTableName:      newTableName,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// generatePbEntityContentFile generates the protobuf files for given table.
+func generatePbEntityContentFile(ctx context.Context, db gdb.DB, in cGenPbEntityInternalInput) {
+	fieldMap, err := db.TableFields(ctx, in.TableName)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf("fetching tables fields failed for table '%s':\n%v", in.TableName, err)
+	}
+	// Change the `newTableName` if `Prefix` is given.
+	newTableName := "Entity_" + in.Prefix + in.NewTableName
+	var (
+		tableNameCamelCase  = gstr.CaseCamel(newTableName)
+		tableNameSnakeCase  = gstr.CaseSnake(newTableName)
+		entityMessageDefine = generateEntityMessageDefinition(tableNameCamelCase, fieldMap, in)
+		fileName            = gstr.Trim(tableNameSnakeCase, "-_.")
+		path                = gfile.Join(in.Path, fileName+".proto")
+	)
+	entityContent := gstr.ReplaceByMap(getTplPbEntityContent(""), g.MapStrStr{
+		"{PackageName}":   in.Package,
+		"{OptionContent}": in.Option,
+		"{EntityMessage}": entityMessageDefine,
+	})
+	if err := gfile.PutContents(path, strings.TrimSpace(entityContent)); err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf("writing content to '%s' failed: %v", path, err)
+	} else {
+		mlog.Print("generated:", path)
+	}
+}
+
+// generateEntityMessageDefinition generates and returns the message definition for specified table.
+func generateEntityMessageDefinition(entityName string, fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField, in cGenPbEntityInternalInput) string {
+	var (
+		buffer = bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+		array  = make([][]string, len(fieldMap))
+		names  = sortFieldKeyForPbEntity(fieldMap)
+	)
+	for index, name := range names {
+		array[index] = generateMessageFieldForPbEntity(index+1, fieldMap[name], in)
+	}
+	tw := tablewriter.NewWriter(buffer)
+	tw.SetBorder(false)
+	tw.SetRowLine(false)
+	tw.SetAutoWrapText(false)
+	tw.SetColumnSeparator("")
+	tw.AppendBulk(array)
+	tw.Render()
+	stContent := buffer.String()
+	// Let's do this hack of table writer for indent!
+	stContent = gstr.Replace(stContent, "  #", "")
+	buffer.Reset()
+	buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("message %s {\n", entityName))
+	buffer.WriteString(stContent)
+	buffer.WriteString("}")
+	return buffer.String()
+}
+
+// generateMessageFieldForPbEntity generates and returns the message definition for specified field.
+func generateMessageFieldForPbEntity(index int, field *gdb.TableField, in cGenPbEntityInternalInput) []string {
+	var (
+		typeName   string
+		comment    string
+		jsonTagStr string
+	)
+	t, _ := gregex.ReplaceString(`\(.+\)`, "", field.Type)
+	t = gstr.Split(gstr.Trim(t), " ")[0]
+	t = gstr.ToLower(t)
+	switch t {
+	case "binary", "varbinary", "blob", "tinyblob", "mediumblob", "longblob":
+		typeName = "bytes"
+
+	case "bit", "int", "tinyint", "small_int", "smallint", "medium_int", "mediumint", "serial":
+		if gstr.ContainsI(field.Type, "unsigned") {
+			typeName = "uint32"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "int32"
+		}
+
+	case "int8", "big_int", "bigint", "bigserial":
+		if gstr.ContainsI(field.Type, "unsigned") {
+			typeName = "uint64"
+		} else {
+			typeName = "int64"
+		}
+
+	case "real":
+		typeName = "float"
+
+	case "float", "double", "decimal", "smallmoney":
+		typeName = "double"
+
+	case "bool":
+		typeName = "bool"
+
+	case "datetime", "timestamp", "date", "time":
+		typeName = "int64"
+
+	default:
+		// Auto detecting type.
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(t, "int"):
+			typeName = "int"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "text") || strings.Contains(t, "char"):
+			typeName = "string"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "float") || strings.Contains(t, "double"):
+			typeName = "double"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "bool"):
+			typeName = "bool"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "binary") || strings.Contains(t, "blob"):
+			typeName = "bytes"
+		case strings.Contains(t, "date") || strings.Contains(t, "time"):
+			typeName = "int64"
+		default:
+			typeName = "string"
+		}
+	}
+	comment = gstr.ReplaceByArray(field.Comment, g.SliceStr{
+		"\n", " ",
+		"\r", " ",
+	})
+	comment = gstr.Trim(comment)
+	comment = gstr.Replace(comment, `\n`, " ")
+	comment, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`\s{2,}`, ` `, comment)
+	if jsonTagName := formatCase(field.Name, in.JsonCase); jsonTagName != "" {
+		jsonTagStr = fmt.Sprintf(`[(gogoproto.jsontag) = "%s"]`, jsonTagName)
+		// beautiful indent.
+		if index < 10 {
+			// 3 spaces
+			jsonTagStr = "   " + jsonTagStr
+		} else if index < 100 {
+			// 2 spaces
+			jsonTagStr = "  " + jsonTagStr
+		} else {
+			// 1 spaces
+			jsonTagStr = " " + jsonTagStr
+		}
+	}
+	return []string{
+		"    #" + typeName,
+		" #" + formatCase(field.Name, in.NameCase),
+		" #= " + gconv.String(index) + jsonTagStr + ";",
+		" #" + fmt.Sprintf(`// %s`, comment),
+	}
+}
+
+func getTplPbEntityContent(tplEntityPath string) string {
+	if tplEntityPath != "" {
+		return gfile.GetContents(tplEntityPath)
+	}
+	return consts.TemplatePbEntityMessageContent
+}
+
+// formatCase call gstr.Case* function to convert the s to specified case.
+func formatCase(str, caseStr string) string {
+	switch gstr.ToLower(caseStr) {
+	case gstr.ToLower("Camel"):
+		return gstr.CaseCamel(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("CamelLower"):
+		return gstr.CaseCamelLower(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("Kebab"):
+		return gstr.CaseKebab(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("KebabScreaming"):
+		return gstr.CaseKebabScreaming(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("Snake"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnake(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("SnakeFirstUpper"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnakeFirstUpper(str)
+
+	case gstr.ToLower("SnakeScreaming"):
+		return gstr.CaseSnakeScreaming(str)
+
+	case "none":
+		return ""
+	}
+	return str
+}
+
+func sortFieldKeyForPbEntity(fieldMap map[string]*gdb.TableField) []string {
+	names := make(map[int]string)
+	for _, field := range fieldMap {
+		names[field.Index] = field.Name
+	}
+	var (
+		result = make([]string, len(names))
+		i      = 0
+		j      = 0
+	)
+	for {
+		if len(names) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		if val, ok := names[i]; ok {
+			result[j] = val
+			j++
+			delete(names, i)
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	return result
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_service.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_gen_service.go
@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/consts"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/utils"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/garray"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+)
+
+type (
+	cGenServiceInput struct {
+		g.Meta       `name:"service" config:"gfcli.gen.service" brief:"parse struct and associated functions from packages to generate service go file"`
+		SrcFolder    string `short:"s" name:"srcFolder" brief:"source folder path to be parsed. default: internal/logic" d:"internal/logic"`
+		DstFolder    string `short:"d" name:"dstFolder" brief:"destination folder path storing automatically generated go files. default: internal/service" d:"internal/service"`
+		WatchFile    string `short:"w" name:"watchFile" brief:"used in file watcher, it generates service go files only if given file is under srcFolder"`
+		StPattern    string `short:"a" name:"stPattern" brief:"regular expression matching struct name for generating service. default: s(\\w+)" d:"s(\\w+)"`
+		Packages     string `short:"p" name:"packages" brief:"produce go files only for given source packages, multiple packages joined with char ','"`
+		ImportPrefix string `short:"i" name:"importPrefix" brief:"custom import prefix to calculate import path for generated go files"`
+		OverWrite    bool   `short:"o" name:"overwrite" brief:"overwrite files that already exist in generating folder. default: true" d:"true" orphan:"true"`
+	}
+	cGenServiceOutput struct{}
+)
+
+const (
+	genServiceFileLockSeconds = 10
+)
+
+func (c cGen) Service(ctx context.Context, in cGenServiceInput) (out *cGenServiceOutput, err error) {
+	// File lock to avoid multiple processes.
+	var (
+		flockFilePath = gfile.Temp("gf.cli.gen.service.lock")
+		flockContent  = gfile.GetContents(flockFilePath)
+	)
+	if flockContent != "" {
+		if gtime.Timestamp()-gconv.Int64(flockContent) < genServiceFileLockSeconds {
+			// If another "gen service" process is running, it just exits.
+			mlog.Debug(`another "gen service" process is running, exit`)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	defer gfile.Remove(flockFilePath)
+	_ = gfile.PutContents(flockFilePath, gtime.TimestampStr())
+
+	in.SrcFolder = gstr.TrimRight(in.SrcFolder, `\/`)
+	in.SrcFolder = gstr.Replace(in.SrcFolder, "\\", "/")
+	in.WatchFile = gstr.TrimRight(in.WatchFile, `\/`)
+	in.WatchFile = gstr.Replace(in.WatchFile, "\\", "/")
+
+	// Watch file handling.
+	if in.WatchFile != "" {
+		// It works only if given WatchFile is in SrcFolder.
+		var (
+			watchFileDir = gfile.Dir(in.WatchFile)
+			srcFolderDir = gfile.Dir(watchFileDir)
+		)
+		mlog.Debug("watchFileDir:", watchFileDir)
+		mlog.Debug("logicFolderDir:", srcFolderDir)
+		if !gstr.HasSuffix(srcFolderDir, in.SrcFolder) {
+			mlog.Printf(`ignore watch file "%s", not in source path "%s"`, in.WatchFile, in.SrcFolder)
+			return
+		}
+		var newWorkingDir = gfile.Dir(gfile.Dir(srcFolderDir))
+		if err = gfile.Chdir(newWorkingDir); err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf(`%+v`, err)
+		}
+		mlog.Debug("Chdir:", newWorkingDir)
+		_ = gfile.Remove(flockFilePath)
+		var command = fmt.Sprintf(
+			`%s gen service -packages=%s`,
+			gfile.SelfName(), gfile.Basename(watchFileDir),
+		)
+		err = gproc.ShellRun(command)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !gfile.Exists(in.SrcFolder) {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`source folder path "%s" does not exist`, in.SrcFolder)
+	}
+
+	if in.ImportPrefix == "" {
+		if !gfile.Exists("go.mod") {
+			mlog.Fatal("ImportPrefix is empty and go.mod does not exist in current working directory")
+		}
+		var (
+			goModContent = gfile.GetContents("go.mod")
+			match, _     = gregex.MatchString(`^module\s+(.+)\s*`, goModContent)
+		)
+		if len(match) > 1 {
+			in.ImportPrefix = fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, gstr.Trim(match[1]), gstr.Replace(in.SrcFolder, `\`, `/`))
+		}
+	}
+
+	var (
+		isDirty           bool
+		files             []string
+		fileContent       string
+		matches           [][]string
+		importSrcPackages []string
+		inputPackages     = gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.Packages, ",")
+		dstPackageName    = gstr.ToLower(gfile.Basename(in.DstFolder))
+	)
+	srcFolders, err := gfile.ScanDir(in.SrcFolder, "*", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, srcFolder := range srcFolders {
+		if !gfile.IsDir(srcFolder) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if files, err = gfile.ScanDir(srcFolder, "*.go", false); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(files) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		var (
+			// StructName => FunctionDefinitions
+			srcPkgInterfaceMap       = make(map[string]*garray.StrArray)
+			srcPkgInterfaceFuncArray *garray.StrArray
+			ok                       bool
+		)
+		for _, file := range files {
+			fileContent = gfile.GetContents(file)
+			matches, err = gregex.MatchAllString(`func \(\w+ (.+?)\) ([\s\S]+?) {`, fileContent)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			for _, match := range matches {
+				var (
+					structMatch  []string
+					structName   = gstr.Trim(match[1], "*")
+					functionHead = gstr.Trim(gstr.Replace(match[2], "\n", ""))
+				)
+				// Xxx(     ctx context.Context, req *v1.XxxReq,) -> Xxx(ctx context.Context, req *v1.XxxReq)
+				functionHead = gstr.Replace(functionHead, `,)`, `)`)
+				functionHead, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`\(\s+`, `(`, functionHead)
+				functionHead, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(`\s{2,}`, ` `, functionHead)
+				if !gstr.IsLetterUpper(functionHead[0]) {
+					continue
+				}
+				if structMatch, err = gregex.MatchString(in.StPattern, structName); err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				if len(structMatch) < 1 {
+					continue
+				}
+				structName = gstr.CaseCamel(structMatch[1])
+				if srcPkgInterfaceFuncArray, ok = srcPkgInterfaceMap[structName]; !ok {
+					srcPkgInterfaceMap[structName] = garray.NewStrArray()
+					srcPkgInterfaceFuncArray = srcPkgInterfaceMap[structName]
+				}
+				// Remove package name calls of `dstPackageName` in produced codes.
+				functionHead, _ = gregex.ReplaceString(fmt.Sprintf(`\*{0,1}%s\.`, dstPackageName), ``, functionHead)
+				srcPkgInterfaceFuncArray.Append(functionHead)
+			}
+		}
+		importSrcPackages = append(
+			importSrcPackages,
+			fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, in.ImportPrefix, gfile.Basename(srcFolder)),
+		)
+		// Ignore source packages if input packages given.
+		if len(inputPackages) > 0 && !gstr.InArray(inputPackages, gfile.Basename(srcFolder)) {
+			mlog.Debugf(
+				`ignore source package "%s" as it is not in desired packages: %+v`,
+				gfile.Basename(srcFolder), inputPackages,
+			)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Generating go files for service.
+		if ok, err = c.generateServiceFiles(in, srcPkgInterfaceMap, dstPackageName); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if ok {
+			isDirty = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if isDirty {
+		// Generate initialization go file.
+		if len(importSrcPackages) > 0 {
+			if err = c.generateInitializationFile(in, importSrcPackages); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Go imports updating.
+		mlog.Printf(`goimports go files in "%s", it may take seconds...`, in.DstFolder)
+		utils.GoImports(in.DstFolder)
+
+		// Replica v1 to v2 for GoFrame.
+		if err = c.replaceGeneratedServiceContentGFV2(in); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		mlog.Printf(`gofmt go files in "%s"`, in.DstFolder)
+		utils.GoFmt(in.DstFolder)
+	}
+
+	mlog.Print(`done!`)
+	return
+}
+
+func (c cGen) generateServiceFiles(
+	in cGenServiceInput, srcPkgInterfaceMap map[string]*garray.StrArray, dstPackageName string,
+) (ok bool, err error) {
+	for structName, funcArray := range srcPkgInterfaceMap {
+		var (
+			filePath         = gfile.Join(in.DstFolder, gstr.ToLower(structName)+".go")
+			generatedContent = gstr.ReplaceByMap(consts.TemplateGenServiceContent, g.MapStrStr{
+				"{StructName}":     structName,
+				"{PackageName}":    dstPackageName,
+				"{FuncDefinition}": funcArray.Join("\n\t"),
+			})
+		)
+		if gfile.Exists(filePath) {
+			if !in.OverWrite {
+				mlog.Printf(`not overwrite, ignore generating service go file: %s`, filePath)
+				continue
+			}
+			if !c.isToGenerateServiceGoFile(filePath, funcArray) {
+				mlog.Printf(`not dirty, ignore generating service go file: %s`, filePath)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		ok = true
+		mlog.Printf(`generating service go file: %s`, filePath)
+		if err = gfile.PutContents(filePath, generatedContent); err != nil {
+			return ok, err
+		}
+	}
+	return ok, nil
+}
+
+// isToGenerateServiceGoFile checks and returns whether the service content dirty.
+func (c cGen) isToGenerateServiceGoFile(filePath string, funcArray *garray.StrArray) bool {
+	if !utils.IsFileDoNotEdit(filePath) {
+		mlog.Debugf(`ignore file as it is manually maintained: %s`, filePath)
+		return false
+	}
+	var (
+		fileContent        = gfile.GetContents(filePath)
+		generatedFuncArray = garray.NewSortedStrArrayFrom(funcArray.Slice())
+		contentFuncArray   = garray.NewSortedStrArray()
+	)
+	if fileContent == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	match, _ := gregex.MatchString(`interface\s+{([\s\S]+?)}`, fileContent)
+	if len(match) != 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentFuncArray.Append(gstr.SplitAndTrim(match[1], "\n")...)
+	if generatedFuncArray.Len() != contentFuncArray.Len() {
+		return true
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < generatedFuncArray.Len(); i++ {
+		if generatedFuncArray.At(i) != contentFuncArray.At(i) {
+			mlog.Debugf(`dirty, %s != %s`, generatedFuncArray.At(i), contentFuncArray.At(i))
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c cGen) generateInitializationFile(in cGenServiceInput, importSrcPackages []string) (err error) {
+	var (
+		srcPackageName   = gstr.ToLower(gfile.Basename(in.SrcFolder))
+		srcFilePath      = gfile.Join(in.SrcFolder, srcPackageName+".go")
+		srcImports       string
+		generatedContent string
+	)
+	if !utils.IsFileDoNotEdit(srcFilePath) {
+		mlog.Debugf(`ignore file as it is manually maintained: %s`, srcFilePath)
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, importSrcPackage := range importSrcPackages {
+		srcImports += fmt.Sprintf(`%s_ "%s"%s`, "\t", importSrcPackage, "\n")
+	}
+	generatedContent = gstr.ReplaceByMap(consts.TemplateGenServiceLogicContent, g.MapStrStr{
+		"{PackageName}": srcPackageName,
+		"{Imports}":     srcImports,
+	})
+	mlog.Printf(`generating init go file: %s`, srcFilePath)
+	if err = gfile.PutContents(srcFilePath, generatedContent); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	utils.GoFmt(srcFilePath)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c cGen) replaceGeneratedServiceContentGFV2(in cGenServiceInput) (err error) {
+	return gfile.ReplaceDirFunc(func(path, content string) string {
+		if gstr.Contains(content, `"github.com/gogf/gf`) && !gstr.Contains(content, `"github.com/gogf/gf/v2`) {
+			content = gstr.Replace(content, `"github.com/gogf/gf"`, `"github.com/gogf/gf/v2"`)
+			content = gstr.Replace(content, `"github.com/gogf/gf/`, `"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/`)
+			return content
+		}
+		return content
+	}, in.DstFolder, "*.go", false)
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_init.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_init.go
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/allyes"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gres"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Init = cInit{}
+)
+
+type cInit struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"init" brief:"{cInitBrief}" eg:"{cInitEg}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cInitRepoPrefix = `github.com/gogf/`
+	cInitMonoRepo   = `template-mono`
+	cInitSingleRepo = `template-single`
+	cInitBrief      = `create and initialize an empty GoFrame project`
+	cInitEg         = `
+gf init my-project
+gf init my-mono-repo -m
+`
+	cInitNameBrief = `
+name for the project. It will create a folder with NAME in current directory.
+The NAME will also be the module name for the project.
+`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cInitBrief`:     cInitBrief,
+		`cInitEg`:        cInitEg,
+		`cInitNameBrief`: cInitNameBrief,
+	})
+}
+
+type cInitInput struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"init"`
+	Name   string `name:"NAME" arg:"true" v:"required" brief:"{cInitNameBrief}"`
+	Mono   bool   `name:"mono" short:"m" brief:"initialize a mono-repo instead a single-repo" orphan:"true"`
+}
+type cInitOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cInit) Index(ctx context.Context, in cInitInput) (out *cInitOutput, err error) {
+	if !gfile.IsEmpty(in.Name) && !allyes.Check() {
+		s := gcmd.Scanf(`the folder "%s" is not empty, files might be overwrote, continue? [y/n]: `, in.Name)
+		if strings.EqualFold(s, "n") {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	mlog.Print("initializing...")
+
+	// Create project folder and files.
+	var (
+		templateRepoName string
+	)
+	if in.Mono {
+		templateRepoName = cInitMonoRepo
+	} else {
+		templateRepoName = cInitSingleRepo
+	}
+	err = gres.Export(templateRepoName, in.Name, gres.ExportOption{
+		RemovePrefix: templateRepoName,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Replace template name to project name.
+	err = gfile.ReplaceDir(
+		cInitRepoPrefix+templateRepoName,
+		gfile.Basename(gfile.RealPath(in.Name)),
+		in.Name,
+		"*",
+		true,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	mlog.Print("initialization done! ")
+	if !in.Mono {
+		enjoyCommand := `gf run main.go`
+		if in.Name != "." {
+			enjoyCommand = fmt.Sprintf(`cd %s && %s`, in.Name, enjoyCommand)
+		}
+		mlog.Printf(`you can now run "%s" to start your journey, enjoy!`, enjoyCommand)
+	}
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_install.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_install.go
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/service"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+)
+
+var (
+	Install = cInstall{}
+)
+
+type cInstall struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"install" brief:"install gf binary to system (might need root/admin permission)"`
+}
+
+type cInstallInput struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"install"`
+}
+type cInstallOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cInstall) Index(ctx context.Context, in cInstallInput) (out *cInstallOutput, err error) {
+	err = service.Install.Run(ctx)
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_pack.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_pack.go
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/allyes"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gres"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Pack = cPack{}
+)
+
+type cPack struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"pack" usage:"{cPackUsage}" brief:"{cPackBrief}" eg:"{cPackEg}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cPackUsage = `gf pack SRC DST`
+	cPackBrief = `packing any file/directory to a resource file, or a go file`
+	cPackEg    = `
+gf pack public data.bin
+gf pack public,template data.bin
+gf pack public,template packed/data.go
+gf pack public,template,config packed/data.go
+gf pack public,template,config packed/data.go -n=packed -p=/var/www/my-app
+gf pack /var/www/public packed/data.go -n=packed
+`
+	cPackSrcBrief = `source path for packing, which can be multiple source paths.`
+	cPackDstBrief = `
+destination file path for packed file. if extension of the filename is ".go" and "-n" option is given, 
+it enables packing SRC to go file, or else it packs SRC into a binary file.
+`
+	cPackNameBrief   = `package name for output go file, it's set as its directory name if no name passed`
+	cPackPrefixBrief = `prefix for each file packed into the resource file`
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cPackUsage`:       cPackUsage,
+		`cPackBrief`:       cPackBrief,
+		`cPackEg`:          cPackEg,
+		`cPackSrcBrief`:    cPackSrcBrief,
+		`cPackDstBrief`:    cPackDstBrief,
+		`cPackNameBrief`:   cPackNameBrief,
+		`cPackPrefixBrief`: cPackPrefixBrief,
+	})
+}
+
+type cPackInput struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"pack"`
+	Src    string `name:"SRC" arg:"true" v:"required" brief:"{cPackSrcBrief}"`
+	Dst    string `name:"DST" arg:"true" v:"required" brief:"{cPackDstBrief}"`
+	Name   string `name:"name"   short:"n" brief:"{cPackNameBrief}"`
+	Prefix string `name:"prefix" short:"p" brief:"{cPackPrefixBrief}"`
+}
+type cPackOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cPack) Index(ctx context.Context, in cPackInput) (out *cPackOutput, err error) {
+	if gfile.Exists(in.Dst) && gfile.IsDir(in.Dst) {
+		mlog.Fatalf("DST path '%s' cannot be a directory", in.Dst)
+	}
+	if !gfile.IsEmpty(in.Dst) && !allyes.Check() {
+		s := gcmd.Scanf("path '%s' is not empty, files might be overwrote, continue? [y/n]: ", in.Dst)
+		if strings.EqualFold(s, "n") {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if in.Name == "" && gfile.ExtName(in.Dst) == "go" {
+		in.Name = gfile.Basename(gfile.Dir(in.Dst))
+	}
+	if in.Name != "" {
+		if err = gres.PackToGoFile(in.Src, in.Dst, in.Name, in.Prefix); err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("pack failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err = gres.PackToFile(in.Src, in.Dst, in.Prefix); err != nil {
+			mlog.Fatalf("pack failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	mlog.Print("done!")
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_run.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_run.go
@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gtype"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfsnotify"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtimer"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+)
+
+var (
+	Run = cRun{}
+)
+
+type cRun struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"run" usage:"{cRunUsage}" brief:"{cRunBrief}" eg:"{cRunEg}" dc:"{cRunDc}"`
+}
+
+type cRunApp struct {
+	File    string // Go run file name.
+	Path    string // Directory storing built binary.
+	Options string // Extra "go run" options.
+	Args    string // Custom arguments.
+}
+
+const (
+	cRunUsage = `gf run FILE [OPTION]`
+	cRunBrief = `running go codes with hot-compiled-like feature`
+	cRunEg    = `
+gf run main.go
+gf run main.go --args "server -p 8080"
+gf run main.go -mod=vendor
+`
+	cRunDc = `
+The "run" command is used for running go codes with hot-compiled-like feature,
+which compiles and runs the go codes asynchronously when codes change.
+`
+	cRunFileBrief  = `building file path.`
+	cRunPathBrief  = `output directory path for built binary file. it's "manifest/output" in default`
+	cRunExtraBrief = `the same options as "go run"/"go build" except some options as follows defined`
+)
+
+var (
+	process *gproc.Process
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cRunUsage`:      cRunUsage,
+		`cRunBrief`:      cRunBrief,
+		`cRunEg`:         cRunEg,
+		`cRunDc`:         cRunDc,
+		`cRunFileBrief`:  cRunFileBrief,
+		`cRunPathBrief`:  cRunPathBrief,
+		`cRunExtraBrief`: cRunExtraBrief,
+	})
+}
+
+type (
+	cRunInput struct {
+		g.Meta `name:"run"`
+		File   string `name:"FILE"  arg:"true" brief:"{cRunFileBrief}" v:"required"`
+		Path   string `name:"path"  short:"p"  brief:"{cRunPathBrief}" d:"./"`
+		Extra  string `name:"extra" short:"e"  brief:"{cRunExtraBrief}"`
+	}
+	cRunOutput struct{}
+)
+
+func (c cRun) Index(ctx context.Context, in cRunInput) (out *cRunOutput, err error) {
+	// Necessary check.
+	if gproc.SearchBinary("go") == "" {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`command "go" not found in your environment, please install golang first to proceed this command`)
+	}
+
+	app := &cRunApp{
+		File:    in.File,
+		Path:    in.Path,
+		Options: in.Extra,
+	}
+	dirty := gtype.NewBool()
+	_, err = gfsnotify.Add(gfile.RealPath("."), func(event *gfsnotify.Event) {
+		if gfile.ExtName(event.Path) != "go" {
+			return
+		}
+		// Variable `dirty` is used for running the changes only one in one second.
+		if !dirty.Cas(false, true) {
+			return
+		}
+		// With some delay in case of multiple code changes in very short interval.
+		gtimer.SetTimeout(ctx, 1500*gtime.MS, func(ctx context.Context) {
+			defer dirty.Set(false)
+			mlog.Printf(`go file changes: %s`, event.String())
+			app.Run()
+		})
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	go app.Run()
+	select {}
+}
+
+func (app *cRunApp) Run() {
+	// Rebuild and run the codes.
+	renamePath := ""
+	mlog.Printf("build: %s", app.File)
+	outputPath := gfile.Join(app.Path, gfile.Name(app.File))
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		outputPath += ".exe"
+		if gfile.Exists(outputPath) {
+			renamePath = outputPath + "~"
+			if err := gfile.Rename(outputPath, renamePath); err != nil {
+				mlog.Print(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// In case of `pipe: too many open files` error.
+	// Build the app.
+	buildCommand := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`go build -o %s %s %s`,
+		outputPath,
+		app.Options,
+		app.File,
+	)
+	mlog.Print(buildCommand)
+	result, err := gproc.ShellExec(buildCommand)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Printf("build error: \n%s%s", result, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	// Kill the old process if build successfully.
+	if process != nil {
+		if err := process.Kill(); err != nil {
+			mlog.Debugf("kill process error: %s", err.Error())
+			//return
+		}
+	}
+	// Run the binary file.
+	runCommand := fmt.Sprintf(`%s %s`, outputPath, app.Args)
+	mlog.Print(runCommand)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// Special handling for windows platform.
+		// DO NOT USE "cmd /c" command.
+		process = gproc.NewProcess(outputPath, gstr.SplitAndTrim(" ", app.Args))
+	} else {
+		process = gproc.NewProcessCmd(outputPath, gstr.SplitAndTrim(" ", app.Args))
+	}
+	if pid, err := process.Start(); err != nil {
+		mlog.Printf("build running error: %s", err.Error())
+	} else {
+		mlog.Printf("build running pid: %d", pid)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_tpl.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_tpl.go
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/encoding/gjson"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/errors/gerror"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gtag"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gutil"
+)
+
+var (
+	Tpl = cTpl{}
+)
+
+type cTpl struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"tpl" brief:"{cTplBrief}" dc:"{cTplDc}"`
+}
+
+const (
+	cTplBrief = `template parsing and building commands`
+	cTplDc    = `
+The "tpl" command is used for template parsing and building purpose.
+It can parse either template file or folder with multiple types of values support,
+like json/xml/yaml/toml/ini.
+`
+	cTplParseBrief = `parse either template file or folder with multiple types of values`
+	cTplParseEg    = `
+gf tpl parse -p ./template -v values.json -r
+gf tpl parse -p ./template -v values.json -n *.tpl -r
+gf tpl parse -p ./template -v values.json -d '${,}}' -r
+gf tpl parse -p ./template -v values.json -o ./template.parsed
+`
+	cTplSupportValuesFilePattern = `*.json,*.xml,*.yaml,*.yml,*.toml,*.ini`
+)
+
+type (
+	cTplParseInput struct {
+		g.Meta     `name:"parse" brief:"{cTplParseBrief}" eg:"{cTplParseEg}"`
+		Path       string `name:"path"       short:"p" brief:"template file or folder path" v:"required"`
+		Pattern    string `name:"pattern"    short:"n" brief:"template file pattern when path is a folder, default is:*" d:"*"`
+		Recursive  bool   `name:"recursive"  short:"c" brief:"recursively parsing files if path is folder, default is:true" d:"true"`
+		Values     string `name:"values"     short:"v" brief:"template values file/folder, support file types like: json/xml/yaml/toml/ini" v:"required"`
+		Output     string `name:"output"     short:"o" brief:"output file/folder path"`
+		Delimiters string `name:"delimiters" short:"d" brief:"delimiters for template content parsing, default is:{{,}}" d:"{{,}}"`
+		Replace    bool   `name:"replace"    short:"r" brief:"replace original files" orphan:"true"`
+	}
+	cTplParseOutput struct{}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	gtag.Sets(g.MapStrStr{
+		`cTplBrief`:      cTplBrief,
+		`cTplDc`:         cTplDc,
+		`cTplParseEg`:    cTplParseEg,
+		`cTplParseBrief`: cTplParseBrief,
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *cTpl) Parse(ctx context.Context, in cTplParseInput) (out *cTplParseOutput, err error) {
+	if in.Output == "" && in.Replace == false {
+		return nil, gerror.New(`parameter output and replace should not be both empty`)
+	}
+	delimiters := gstr.SplitAndTrim(in.Delimiters, ",")
+	mlog.Debugf("delimiters input:%s, parsed:%#v", in.Delimiters, delimiters)
+	if len(delimiters) != 2 {
+		return nil, gerror.Newf(`invalid delimiters: %s`, in.Delimiters)
+	}
+	g.View().SetDelimiters(delimiters[0], delimiters[1])
+	valuesMap, err := c.loadValues(ctx, in.Values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(valuesMap) == 0 {
+		return nil, gerror.Newf(`empty values loaded from values file/folder "%s"`, in.Values)
+	}
+	err = c.parsePath(ctx, valuesMap, in)
+	if err == nil {
+		mlog.Print("done!")
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *cTpl) parsePath(ctx context.Context, values g.Map, in cTplParseInput) (err error) {
+	if !gfile.Exists(in.Path) {
+		return gerror.Newf(`path "%s" does not exist`, in.Path)
+	}
+	var (
+		path         string
+		files        []string
+		relativePath string
+		outputPath   string
+	)
+	path = gfile.RealPath(in.Path)
+	if gfile.IsDir(path) {
+		files, err = gfile.ScanDirFile(path, in.Pattern, in.Recursive)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, file := range files {
+			relativePath = gstr.Replace(file, path, "")
+			if in.Output != "" {
+				outputPath = gfile.Join(in.Output, relativePath)
+			}
+			if err = c.parseFile(ctx, file, outputPath, values, in); err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if in.Output != "" {
+		outputPath = in.Output
+	}
+	err = c.parseFile(ctx, path, outputPath, values, in)
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *cTpl) parseFile(ctx context.Context, file string, output string, values g.Map, in cTplParseInput) (err error) {
+	output = gstr.ReplaceByMap(output, g.MapStrStr{
+		`\\`: `\`,
+		`//`: `/`,
+	})
+	content, err := g.View().Parse(ctx, file, values)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if output != "" {
+		mlog.Printf(`parse file "%s" to "%s"`, file, output)
+		return gfile.PutContents(output, content)
+	}
+	if in.Replace {
+		mlog.Printf(`parse and replace file "%s"`, file)
+		return gfile.PutContents(file, content)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *cTpl) loadValues(ctx context.Context, valuesPath string) (data g.Map, err error) {
+	if !gfile.Exists(valuesPath) {
+		return nil, gerror.Newf(`values file/folder "%s" does not exist`, valuesPath)
+	}
+	var j *gjson.Json
+	if gfile.IsDir(valuesPath) {
+		var valueFiles []string
+		valueFiles, err = gfile.ScanDirFile(valuesPath, cTplSupportValuesFilePattern, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		data = make(g.Map)
+		for _, file := range valueFiles {
+			if j, err = gjson.Load(file); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			gutil.MapMerge(data, j.Map())
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if j, err = gjson.Load(valuesPath); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data = j.Map()
+	return
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_version.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/cmd/cmd_version.go
@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/errors/gerror"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gbuild"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+)
+
+var (
+	Version = cVersion{}
+)
+
+type cVersion struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"version" brief:"show version information of current binary"`
+}
+
+type cVersionInput struct {
+	g.Meta `name:"version"`
+}
+type cVersionOutput struct{}
+
+func (c cVersion) Index(ctx context.Context, in cVersionInput) (*cVersionOutput, error) {
+	info := gbuild.Info()
+	if info.Git == "" {
+		info.Git = "none"
+	}
+	mlog.Printf(`GoFrame CLI Tool %s, https://goframe.org`, gf.VERSION)
+	gfVersion, err := c.getGFVersionOfCurrentProject()
+	if err != nil {
+		gfVersion = err.Error()
+	} else {
+		gfVersion = gfVersion + " in current go.mod"
+	}
+	mlog.Printf(`GoFrame Version: %s`, gfVersion)
+	mlog.Printf(`CLI Installed At: %s`, gfile.SelfPath())
+	if info.GoFrame == "" {
+		mlog.Print(`Current is a custom installed version, no installation information.`)
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	mlog.Print(gstr.Trim(fmt.Sprintf(`
+CLI Built Detail:
+  Go Version:  %s
+  GF Version:  %s
+  Git Commit:  %s
+  Build Time:  %s
+`, info.Golang, info.GoFrame, info.Git, info.Time)))
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// getGFVersionOfCurrentProject checks and returns the GoFrame version current project using.
+func (c cVersion) getGFVersionOfCurrentProject() (string, error) {
+	goModPath := gfile.Join(gfile.Pwd(), "go.mod")
+	if gfile.Exists(goModPath) {
+		lines := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gfile.GetContents(goModPath), "\n")
+		for _, line := range lines {
+			line = gstr.Trim(line)
+			// Version 1.
+			match, err := gregex.MatchString(`^github\.com/gogf/gf\s+(.+)$`, line)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			if len(match) <= 1 {
+				// Version > 1.
+				match, err = gregex.MatchString(`^github\.com/gogf/gf/v\d\s+(.+)$`, line)
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+			}
+			if len(match) > 1 {
+				return gstr.Trim(match[1]), nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		return "", gerror.New("cannot find goframe requirement in go.mod")
+	} else {
+		return "", gerror.New("cannot find go.mod")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts.go
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package consts
+
+const (
+	// DoNotEditKey is used in generated files,
+	// which marks the files will be overwritten by CLI tool.
+	DoNotEditKey = `DO NOT EDIT`
+)
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_dao.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_dao.go
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplateDaoDaoIndexContent = `
+// =================================================================================
+// This is auto-generated by GoFrame CLI tool only once. Fill this file as you wish.
+// =================================================================================
+
+package dao
+
+import (
+	"{TplImportPrefix}/internal"
+)
+
+// internal{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao is internal type for wrapping internal DAO implements.
+type internal{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao = *internal.{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao
+
+// {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Dao is the data access object for table {TplTableName}.
+// You can define custom methods on it to extend its functionality as you wish.
+type {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Dao struct {
+	internal{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao
+}
+
+var (
+	// {TplTableNameCamelCase} is globally public accessible object for table {TplTableName} operations.
+	{TplTableNameCamelCase} = {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Dao{
+		internal.New{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao(),
+	}
+)
+
+// Fill with you ideas below.
+
+`
+
+const TemplateDaoDaoInternalContent = `
+// ==========================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT. {TplDatetimeStr}
+// ==========================================================================
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/database/gdb"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+)
+
+// {TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao is the data access object for table {TplTableName}.
+type {TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao struct {
+	table   string          // table is the underlying table name of the DAO.
+	group   string          // group is the database configuration group name of current DAO.
+	columns {TplTableNameCamelCase}Columns // columns contains all the column names of Table for convenient usage.
+}
+
+// {TplTableNameCamelCase}Columns defines and stores column names for table {TplTableName}.
+type {TplTableNameCamelCase}Columns struct {
+	{TplColumnDefine}
+}
+
+//  {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Columns holds the columns for table {TplTableName}.
+var {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Columns = {TplTableNameCamelCase}Columns{
+	{TplColumnNames}
+}
+
+// New{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao creates and returns a new DAO object for table data access.
+func New{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao() *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao {
+	return &{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao{
+		group:   "{TplGroupName}",
+		table:   "{TplTableName}",
+		columns: {TplTableNameCamelLowerCase}Columns,
+	}
+}
+
+// DB retrieves and returns the underlying raw database management object of current DAO.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) DB() gdb.DB {
+	return g.DB(dao.group)
+}
+
+// Table returns the table name of current dao.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) Table() string {
+	return dao.table
+}
+
+// Columns returns all column names of current dao.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) Columns() {TplTableNameCamelCase}Columns {
+	return dao.columns
+}
+
+// Group returns the configuration group name of database of current dao.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) Group() string {
+	return dao.group
+}
+
+// Ctx creates and returns the Model for current DAO, It automatically sets the context for current operation.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) Ctx(ctx context.Context) *gdb.Model {
+	return dao.DB().Model(dao.table).Safe().Ctx(ctx)
+}
+
+// Transaction wraps the transaction logic using function f.
+// It rollbacks the transaction and returns the error from function f if it returns non-nil error.
+// It commits the transaction and returns nil if function f returns nil.
+//
+// Note that, you should not Commit or Rollback the transaction in function f
+// as it is automatically handled by this function.
+func (dao *{TplTableNameCamelCase}Dao) Transaction(ctx context.Context, f func(ctx context.Context, tx *gdb.TX) error) (err error) {
+	return dao.Ctx(ctx).Transaction(ctx, f)
+}
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_do.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_do.go
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplateGenDaoDoContent = `
+// =================================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT. {TplDatetimeStr}
+// =================================================================================
+
+package do
+
+{TplPackageImports}
+
+// {TplTableNameCamelCase} is the golang structure of table {TplTableName} for DAO operations like Where/Data.
+{TplStructDefine}
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_entity.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_dao_template_entity.go
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplateGenDaoEntityContent = `
+// =================================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT. {TplDatetimeStr}
+// =================================================================================
+
+package entity
+
+{TplPackageImports}
+
+// {TplTableNameCamelCase} is the golang structure for table {TplTableName}.
+{TplStructDefine}
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_pbentity_template.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_pbentity_template.go
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplatePbEntityMessageContent = `
+// ==========================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package {PackageName};
+
+import "github.com/gogo/protobuf/gogoproto/gogo.proto";
+
+{OptionContent}
+
+{EntityMessage}
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_service_template.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_service_template.go
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplateGenServiceContent = `
+// ==========================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+package {PackageName}
+
+type I{StructName} interface {
+	{FuncDefinition}
+}
+
+var local{StructName} I{StructName}
+
+func {StructName}() I{StructName} {
+	if local{StructName} == nil {
+		panic("implement not found for interface I{StructName}, forgot register?")
+	}
+	return local{StructName}
+}
+
+func Register{StructName}(i I{StructName}) {
+	local{StructName} = i
+}
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_service_template_logic.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/consts/consts_gen_service_template_logic.go
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package consts
+
+const TemplateGenServiceLogicContent = `
+// ==========================================================================
+// Code generated by GoFrame CLI tool. DO NOT EDIT.
+// ==========================================================================
+
+package {PackageName}
+
+import(
+	{Imports}
+)
+`
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/packed/packed.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/packed/packed.go
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+package packed
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/packed/template-mono.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/packed/template-mono.go
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/packed/template-single.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/packed/template-single.go
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/service/install.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/service/install.go
@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/allyes"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/garray"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gset"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/genv"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+)
+
+var (
+	Install = serviceInstall{}
+)
+
+type serviceInstall struct{}
+
+type serviceInstallAvailablePath struct {
+	dirPath   string
+	filePath  string
+	writable  bool
+	installed bool
+}
+
+func (s serviceInstall) Run(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	// Ask where to install.
+	paths := s.getAvailablePaths()
+	if len(paths) <= 0 {
+		mlog.Printf("no path detected, you can manually install gf by copying the binary to path folder.")
+		return
+	}
+	mlog.Printf("I found some installable paths for you(from $PATH): ")
+	mlog.Printf("  %2s | %8s | %9s | %s", "Id", "Writable", "Installed", "Path")
+
+	// Print all paths status and determine the default selectedID value.
+	var (
+		selectedID = -1
+		newPaths   []serviceInstallAvailablePath
+		pathSet    = gset.NewStrSet() // Used for repeated items filtering.
+	)
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if !pathSet.AddIfNotExist(path.dirPath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		newPaths = append(newPaths, path)
+	}
+	paths = newPaths
+	for id, path := range paths {
+		mlog.Printf("  %2d | %8t | %9t | %s", id, path.writable, path.installed, path.dirPath)
+		if selectedID == -1 {
+			// Use the previously installed path as the most priority choice.
+			if path.installed {
+				selectedID = id
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// If there's no previously installed path, use the first writable path.
+	if selectedID == -1 {
+		// Order by choosing priority.
+		commonPaths := garray.NewStrArrayFrom(g.SliceStr{
+			s.getGoPathBin(),
+			`/usr/local/bin`,
+			`/usr/bin`,
+			`/usr/sbin`,
+			`C:\Windows`,
+			`C:\Windows\system32`,
+			`C:\Go\bin`,
+			`C:\Program Files`,
+			`C:\Program Files (x86)`,
+		})
+		// Check the common installation directories.
+		commonPaths.Iterator(func(k int, v string) bool {
+			for id, aPath := range paths {
+				if strings.EqualFold(aPath.dirPath, v) {
+					selectedID = id
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+		if selectedID == -1 {
+			selectedID = 0
+		}
+	}
+
+	if allyes.Check() {
+		// Use the default selectedID.
+		mlog.Printf("please choose one installation destination [default %d]: %d", selectedID, selectedID)
+	} else {
+		for {
+			// Get input and update selectedID.
+			var (
+				inputID int
+				input   = gcmd.Scanf("please choose one installation destination [default %d]: ", selectedID)
+			)
+			if input != "" {
+				inputID = gconv.Int(input)
+			}
+			// Check if out of range.
+			if inputID >= len(paths) || inputID < 0 {
+				mlog.Printf("invalid install destination Id: %d", inputID)
+				continue
+			}
+			selectedID = inputID
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Get selected destination path.
+	dstPath := paths[selectedID]
+
+	// Install the new binary.
+	err = gfile.CopyFile(gfile.SelfPath(), dstPath.filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Printf("install gf binary to '%s' failed: %v", dstPath.dirPath, err)
+		mlog.Printf("you can manually install gf by copying the binary to folder: %s", dstPath.dirPath)
+	} else {
+		mlog.Printf("gf binary is successfully installed to: %s", dstPath.dirPath)
+	}
+
+	// Uninstall the old binary.
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		// Do not delete myself.
+		if path.filePath != "" && path.filePath != dstPath.filePath && gfile.SelfPath() != path.filePath {
+			_ = gfile.Remove(path.filePath)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// IsInstalled checks and returns whether the binary is installed.
+func (s serviceInstall) IsInstalled() bool {
+	paths := s.getAvailablePaths()
+	for _, aPath := range paths {
+		if aPath.installed {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// getGoPathBinFilePath retrieves ad returns the GOPATH/bin path for binary.
+func (s serviceInstall) getGoPathBin() string {
+	if goPath := genv.Get(`GOPATH`).String(); goPath != "" {
+		return gfile.Join(goPath, "bin")
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// getAvailablePaths returns the installation paths data for the binary.
+func (s serviceInstall) getAvailablePaths() []serviceInstallAvailablePath {
+	var (
+		folderPaths    []serviceInstallAvailablePath
+		binaryFileName = "gf" + gfile.Ext(gfile.SelfPath())
+	)
+	// $GOPATH/bin
+	if goPathBin := s.getGoPathBin(); goPathBin != "" {
+		folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+			folderPaths, goPathBin, binaryFileName,
+		)
+	}
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		darwinInstallationCheckPaths := []string{"/usr/local/bin"}
+		for _, v := range darwinInstallationCheckPaths {
+			folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+				folderPaths, v, binaryFileName,
+			)
+		}
+		fallthrough
+
+	default:
+		// Search and find the writable directory path.
+		envPath := genv.Get("PATH", genv.Get("Path").String()).String()
+		if gstr.Contains(envPath, ";") {
+			// windows.
+			for _, v := range gstr.SplitAndTrim(envPath, ";") {
+				if v == "." {
+					continue
+				}
+				folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+					folderPaths, v, binaryFileName,
+				)
+			}
+		} else if gstr.Contains(envPath, ":") {
+			// *nix.
+			for _, v := range gstr.SplitAndTrim(envPath, ":") {
+				if v == "." {
+					continue
+				}
+				folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+					folderPaths, v, binaryFileName,
+				)
+			}
+		} else if envPath != "" {
+			folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+				folderPaths, envPath, binaryFileName,
+			)
+		} else {
+			folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(
+				folderPaths, "/usr/local/bin", binaryFileName,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+	return folderPaths
+}
+
+// checkAndAppendToAvailablePath checks if `path` is writable and already installed.
+// It adds the `path` to `folderPaths` if it is writable or already installed, or else it ignores the `path`.
+func (s serviceInstall) checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(folderPaths []serviceInstallAvailablePath, dirPath string, binaryFileName string) []serviceInstallAvailablePath {
+	var (
+		filePath  = gfile.Join(dirPath, binaryFileName)
+		writable  = gfile.IsWritable(dirPath)
+		installed = gfile.Exists(filePath)
+	)
+	if !writable && !installed {
+		return folderPaths
+	}
+	return append(
+		folderPaths,
+		serviceInstallAvailablePath{
+			dirPath:   dirPath,
+			writable:  writable,
+			filePath:  filePath,
+			installed: installed,
+		})
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/utility/allyes/allyes.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/utility/allyes/allyes.go
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package allyes
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/genv"
+)
+
+const (
+	EnvName = "GF_CLI_ALL_YES"
+)
+
+// Init initializes the package manually.
+func Init() {
+	if gcmd.GetOpt("y") != nil {
+		genv.MustSet(EnvName, "1")
+	}
+}
+
+// Check checks whether option allow all yes for command.
+func Check() bool {
+	return genv.Get(EnvName).String() == "1"
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/utility/mlog/mlog.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/utility/mlog/mlog.go
@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package mlog
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/genv"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/glog"
+)
+
+const (
+	headerPrintEnvName = "GF_CLI_MLOG_HEADER"
+)
+
+var (
+	ctx    = context.TODO()
+	logger = glog.New()
+)
+
+func init() {
+	logger.SetStack(false)
+	if genv.Get(headerPrintEnvName).String() == "1" {
+		logger.SetHeaderPrint(true)
+	} else {
+		logger.SetHeaderPrint(false)
+	}
+	if gcmd.GetOpt("debug") != nil || gcmd.GetOpt("gf.debug") != nil {
+		logger.SetDebug(true)
+	} else {
+		logger.SetDebug(false)
+	}
+}
+
+// SetHeaderPrint enables/disables header printing to stdout.
+func SetHeaderPrint(enabled bool) {
+	logger.SetHeaderPrint(enabled)
+	if enabled {
+		_ = genv.Set(headerPrintEnvName, "1")
+	} else {
+		_ = genv.Set(headerPrintEnvName, "0")
+	}
+}
+
+func Print(v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Print(ctx, v...)
+}
+
+func Printf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Printf(ctx, format, v...)
+}
+
+func Fatal(v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Fatal(ctx, v...)
+}
+
+func Fatalf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Fatalf(ctx, format, v...)
+}
+
+func Debug(v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Debug(ctx, v...)
+}
+
+func Debugf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	logger.Debugf(ctx, format, v...)
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/internal/utility/utils/utils.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/internal/utility/utils/utils.go
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/consts"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gproc"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+)
+
+var (
+	gofmtPath     = gproc.SearchBinaryPath("gofmt")     // gofmtPath is the binary path of command `gofmt`.
+	goimportsPath = gproc.SearchBinaryPath("goimports") // gofmtPath is the binary path of command `goimports`.
+)
+
+// GoFmt formats the source file using command `gofmt -w -s PATH`.
+func GoFmt(path string) {
+	if gofmtPath == "" {
+		mlog.Fatal(`command "gofmt" not found`)
+	}
+	var command = fmt.Sprintf(`%s -w %s`, gofmtPath, path)
+	result, err := gproc.ShellExec(command)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`error executing command "%s": %s`, command, result)
+	}
+}
+
+// GoImports formats the source file using command `goimports -w PATH`.
+func GoImports(path string) {
+	if goimportsPath == "" {
+		mlog.Fatal(`command "goimports" not found`)
+	}
+	var command = fmt.Sprintf(`%s -w %s`, goimportsPath, path)
+	result, err := gproc.ShellExec(command)
+	if err != nil {
+		mlog.Fatalf(`error executing command "%s": %s`, command, result)
+	}
+}
+
+// IsFileDoNotEdit checks and returns whether file contains `do not edit` key.
+func IsFileDoNotEdit(filePath string) bool {
+	if !gfile.Exists(filePath) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return gstr.Contains(gfile.GetContents(filePath), consts.DoNotEditKey)
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gf/main.go
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	_ "github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/packed"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcfg"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/cmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/allyes"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2/internal/utility/mlog"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gcmd"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gctx"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gfile"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
+)
+
+const (
+	cliFolderName = `hack`
+)
+
+func main() {
+	defer func() {
+		if exception := recover(); exception != nil {
+			if err, ok := exception.(error); ok {
+				mlog.Print(err.Error())
+			} else {
+				panic(exception)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// CLI configuration.
+	if path, _ := gfile.Search(cliFolderName); path != "" {
+		if adapter, ok := g.Cfg().GetAdapter().(*gcfg.AdapterFile); ok {
+			if err := adapter.SetPath(path); err != nil {
+				mlog.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// zsh alias "git fetch" conflicts checks.
+	handleZshAlias()
+
+	// -y option checks.
+	allyes.Init()
+
+	var (
+		ctx = gctx.New()
+	)
+	command, err := gcmd.NewFromObject(cmd.GF)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	err = command.AddObject(
+		cmd.Env,
+		cmd.Run,
+		cmd.Gen,
+		cmd.Tpl,
+		cmd.Init,
+		cmd.Pack,
+		cmd.Build,
+		cmd.Docker,
+		cmd.Install,
+		cmd.Version,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	command.Run(ctx)
+}
+
+// zsh alias "git fetch" conflicts checks.
+func handleZshAlias() {
+	if home, err := gfile.Home(); err == nil {
+		zshPath := gfile.Join(home, ".zshrc")
+		if gfile.Exists(zshPath) {
+			var (
+				aliasCommand = `alias gf=gf`
+				content      = gfile.GetContents(zshPath)
+			)
+			if !gstr.Contains(content, aliasCommand) {
+				_ = gfile.PutContentsAppend(zshPath, "\n"+aliasCommand+"\n")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/gf/test/testdata/tpls/tpl1.yaml
+++ b/cmd/gf/test/testdata/tpls/tpl1.yaml
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+server:
+  address: {{.server.address}}
--- a/cmd/gf/test/testdata/tpls/tpl2.sql
+++ b/cmd/gf/test/testdata/tpls/tpl2.sql
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+insert into {{.sql.table}}
--- a/cmd/gf/test/testdata/values.json
+++ b/cmd/gf/test/testdata/values.json
@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "server": {
+        "address": "https://goframe.org"
+    },
+    "sql":{
+        "table": "table_name"
+    }
+}
--- a/container/garray/garray_normal_any.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_normal_any.go
@ -503,16 +503,25 @@ func (a *Array) Search(value interface{}) int {
 // Example: [1,1,2,3,2] -> [1,2,3]
 func (a *Array) Unique() *Array {
 	a.mu.Lock()
-	for i := 0; i < len(a.array)-1; i++ {
-		for j := i + 1; j < len(a.array); {
-			if a.array[i] == a.array[j] {
-				a.array = append(a.array[:j], a.array[j+1:]...)
-			} else {
-				j++
-			}
-		}
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(a.array) == 0 {
+		return a
 	}
-	a.mu.Unlock()
+	var (
+		ok          bool
+		temp        interface{}
+		uniqueSet   = make(map[interface{}]struct{})
+		uniqueArray = make([]interface{}, 0, len(a.array))
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < len(a.array); i++ {
+		temp = a.array[i]
+		if _, ok = uniqueSet[temp]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		uniqueSet[temp] = struct{}{}
+		uniqueArray = append(uniqueArray, temp)
+	}
+	a.array = uniqueArray
 	return a
 }

@ -711,6 +720,9 @@ func (a *Array) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v interface{}) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *Array) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	a.mu.RLock()
 	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
--- a/container/garray/garray_normal_int.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_normal_int.go
@ -514,16 +514,25 @@ func (a *IntArray) Search(value int) int {
 // Example: [1,1,2,3,2] -> [1,2,3]
 func (a *IntArray) Unique() *IntArray {
 	a.mu.Lock()
-	for i := 0; i < len(a.array)-1; i++ {
-		for j := i + 1; j < len(a.array); {
-			if a.array[i] == a.array[j] {
-				a.array = append(a.array[:j], a.array[j+1:]...)
-			} else {
-				j++
-			}
-		}
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(a.array) == 0 {
+		return a
 	}
-	a.mu.Unlock()
+	var (
+		ok          bool
+		temp        int
+		uniqueSet   = make(map[int]struct{})
+		uniqueArray = make([]int, 0, len(a.array))
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < len(a.array); i++ {
+		temp = a.array[i]
+		if _, ok = uniqueSet[temp]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		uniqueSet[temp] = struct{}{}
+		uniqueArray = append(uniqueArray, temp)
+	}
+	a.array = uniqueArray
 	return a
 }

@ -722,6 +731,9 @@ func (a *IntArray) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v int) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *IntArray) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	return "[" + a.Join(",") + "]"
 }

--- a/container/garray/garray_normal_str.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_normal_str.go
@ -516,16 +516,25 @@ func (a *StrArray) Search(value string) int {
 // Example: [1,1,2,3,2] -> [1,2,3]
 func (a *StrArray) Unique() *StrArray {
 	a.mu.Lock()
-	for i := 0; i < len(a.array)-1; i++ {
-		for j := i + 1; j < len(a.array); {
-			if a.array[i] == a.array[j] {
-				a.array = append(a.array[:j], a.array[j+1:]...)
-			} else {
-				j++
-			}
-		}
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(a.array) == 0 {
+		return a
 	}
-	a.mu.Unlock()
+	var (
+		ok          bool
+		temp        string
+		uniqueSet   = make(map[string]struct{})
+		uniqueArray = make([]string, 0, len(a.array))
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < len(a.array); i++ {
+		temp = a.array[i]
+		if _, ok = uniqueSet[temp]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		uniqueSet[temp] = struct{}{}
+		uniqueArray = append(uniqueArray, temp)
+	}
+	a.array = uniqueArray
 	return a
 }

@ -724,6 +733,9 @@ func (a *StrArray) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v string) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *StrArray) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	a.mu.RLock()
 	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
--- a/container/garray/garray_sorted_any.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_sorted_any.go
@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ type SortedArray struct {
 // NewSortedArray creates and returns an empty sorted array.
 // The parameter `safe` is used to specify whether using array in concurrent-safety, which is false in default.
 // The parameter `comparator` used to compare values to sort in array,
-// if it returns value < 0, means v1 < v2; the v1 will be inserted before v2;
-// if it returns value = 0, means v1 = v2; the v1 will be replaced by v2;
-// if it returns value > 0, means v1 > v2; the v1 will be inserted after v2;
+// if it returns value < 0, means `a` < `b`; the `a` will be inserted before `b`;
+// if it returns value = 0, means `a` = `b`; the `a` will be replaced by     `b`;
+// if it returns value > 0, means `a` > `b`; the `a` will be inserted after  `b`;
 func NewSortedArray(comparator func(a, b interface{}) int, safe ...bool) *SortedArray {
 	return NewSortedArraySize(0, comparator, safe...)
 }
@ -653,6 +653,9 @@ func (a *SortedArray) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v interface{}) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *SortedArray) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	a.mu.RLock()
 	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
--- a/container/garray/garray_sorted_int.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_sorted_int.go
@ -646,6 +646,9 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v int) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *SortedIntArray) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	return "[" + a.Join(",") + "]"
 }

--- a/container/garray/garray_sorted_str.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_sorted_str.go
@ -648,6 +648,9 @@ func (a *SortedStrArray) IteratorDesc(f func(k int, v string) bool) {

 // String returns current array as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (a *SortedStrArray) String() string {
+	if a == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	a.mu.RLock()
 	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_any_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_any_test.go
@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ func TestArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.Array
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// value.
@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ func TestArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.Array
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// pointer
@ -609,11 +609,11 @@ func TestArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -628,11 +628,11 @@ func TestArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ func TestArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": g.Slice{1, 2, 3},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_int_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_int_test.go
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ func TestIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.IntArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array value
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.IntArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array pointer
@ -651,11 +651,11 @@ func TestIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -670,11 +670,11 @@ func TestIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ func TestIntArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": []byte(`[1,2,3]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ func TestIntArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 	//		"name":  "john",
 	//		"array": g.Slice{1, 2, 3},
 	//	}, &v)
-	//	t.Assert(err, nil)
+	//	t.AssertNil(err)
 	//	t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 	//	t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	// })
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_str_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_normal_str_test.go
@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ func TestStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.StrArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array value
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ func TestStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.StrArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array pointer
@ -651,11 +651,11 @@ func TestStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []string{"A+", "A", "A"},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -670,11 +670,11 @@ func TestStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []string{"A+", "A", "A"},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, data["Scores"])
 	})
@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ func TestStrArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": []byte(`["1","2","3"]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"})
 	})
@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ func TestStrArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"})
 	})
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_any_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_any_test.go
@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ func TestSortedArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 		t.Assert(a3.Interfaces(), s1)
 	})
@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ func TestSortedArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 		t.Assert(a3.Interfaces(), s1)
 	})
@ -696,11 +696,11 @@ func TestSortedArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.AssertNE(user.Scores, nil)
 		t.Assert(user.Scores.Len(), 3)
@ -732,11 +732,11 @@ func TestSortedArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.AssertNE(user.Scores, nil)
 		t.Assert(user.Scores.Len(), 3)
@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ func TestSortedArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": []byte(`[2,3,1]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ func TestSortedArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": g.Slice{2, 3, 1},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_int_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_int_test.go
@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedIntArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array value
@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedIntArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 	})
 	// array pointer
@ -594,11 +594,11 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, []int{98, 99, 100})
 	})
@ -613,11 +613,11 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []int{99, 100, 98},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, []int{98, 99, 100})
 	})
@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": []byte(`[2,3,1]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ func TestSortedIntArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": g.Slice{2, 3, 1},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 	})
--- a/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_str_test.go
+++ b/container/garray/garray_z_unit_sorted_str_test.go
@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedStrArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 		t.Assert(a3.Interfaces(), s1)
 	})
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 garray.SortedStrArray
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Slice(), s1)
 		t.Assert(a3.Interfaces(), s1)
 	})
@ -619,11 +619,11 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []string{"A+", "A", "A"},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, []string{"A", "A", "A+"})
 	})
@ -638,11 +638,11 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"Scores": []string{"A+", "A", "A"},
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		user := new(User)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, user)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(user.Name, data["Name"])
 		t.Assert(user.Scores, []string{"A", "A", "A+"})
 	})
@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": []byte(`["1","3","2"]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"})
 	})
@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ func TestSortedStrArray_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name":  "john",
 			"array": g.SliceStr{"1", "3", "2"},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Array.Slice(), g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"})
 	})
--- a/container/glist/glist.go
+++ b/container/glist/glist.go
@ -503,11 +503,14 @@ func (l *List) Join(glue string) string {

 // String returns current list as a string.
 func (l *List) String() string {
+	if l == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	return "[" + l.Join(",") + "]"
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (l *List) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (l List) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(l.FrontAll())
 }

--- a/container/glist/glist_z_unit_test.go
+++ b/container/glist/glist_z_unit_test.go
@ -709,20 +709,20 @@ func TestList_Json(t *testing.T) {
 		a := []interface{}{"a", "b", "c"}
 		l := New()
 		b, err := json.Marshal(a)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, l)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(l.FrontAll(), a)
 	})
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		var l List
 		a := []interface{}{"a", "b", "c"}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(a)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &l)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(l.FrontAll(), a)
 	})
 }
@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ func TestList_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"list": []byte(`[1,2,3]`),
 		}, &tlist)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(tlist.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(tlist.List.FrontAll(), []interface{}{1, 2, 3})
 	})
@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ func TestList_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"list": []interface{}{1, 2, 3},
 		}, &tlist)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(tlist.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(tlist.List.FrontAll(), []interface{}{1, 2, 3})
 	})
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_any_any_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_any_any_map.go
@ -456,12 +456,15 @@ func (m *AnyAnyMap) Merge(other *AnyAnyMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *AnyAnyMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *AnyAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m AnyAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(gconv.Map(m.Map()))
 }

--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_any_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_any_map.go
@ -455,12 +455,15 @@ func (m *IntAnyMap) Merge(other *IntAnyMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *IntAnyMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *IntAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m IntAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_int_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_int_map.go
@ -426,12 +426,15 @@ func (m *IntIntMap) Merge(other *IntIntMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *IntIntMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *IntIntMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m IntIntMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_str_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_int_str_map.go
@ -426,12 +426,15 @@ func (m *IntStrMap) Merge(other *IntStrMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *IntStrMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *IntStrMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m IntStrMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_any_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_any_map.go
@ -451,12 +451,15 @@ func (m *StrAnyMap) Merge(other *StrAnyMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *StrAnyMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *StrAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m StrAnyMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_int_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_int_map.go
@ -430,12 +430,15 @@ func (m *StrIntMap) Merge(other *StrIntMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *StrIntMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *StrIntMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m StrIntMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_str_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_hash_str_str_map.go
@ -429,12 +429,15 @@ func (m *StrStrMap) Merge(other *StrStrMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *StrStrMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *StrStrMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (m StrStrMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	return json.Marshal(m.data)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_list_map.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_list_map.go
@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 package gmap

 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/glist"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gvar"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/empty"
@ -15,6 +18,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
 )

+// ListMap is a map that preserves insertion-order.
+//
+// It is backed by a hash table to store values and doubly-linked list to store ordering.
+//
+// Structure is not thread safe.
+//
+// Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array
 type ListMap struct {
 	mu   rwmutex.RWMutex
 	data map[interface{}]*glist.Element
@ -58,7 +68,7 @@ func (m *ListMap) IteratorAsc(f func(key interface{}, value interface{}) bool) {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	if m.list != nil {
-		node := (*gListMapNode)(nil)
+		var node *gListMapNode
 		m.list.IteratorAsc(func(e *glist.Element) bool {
 			node = e.Value.(*gListMapNode)
 			return f(node.key, node.value)
@ -72,7 +82,7 @@ func (m *ListMap) IteratorDesc(f func(key interface{}, value interface{}) bool)
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
 	if m.list != nil {
-		node := (*gListMapNode)(nil)
+		var node *gListMapNode
 		m.list.IteratorDesc(func(e *glist.Element) bool {
 			node = e.Value.(*gListMapNode)
 			return f(node.key, node.value)
@ -146,8 +156,10 @@ func (m *ListMap) MapStrAny() map[string]interface{} {
 func (m *ListMap) FilterEmpty() {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	if m.list != nil {
-		keys := make([]interface{}, 0)
-		node := (*gListMapNode)(nil)
+		var (
+			keys = make([]interface{}, 0)
+			node *gListMapNode
+		)
 		m.list.IteratorAsc(func(e *glist.Element) bool {
 			node = e.Value.(*gListMapNode)
 			if empty.IsEmpty(node.value) {
@ -495,7 +507,7 @@ func (m *ListMap) Merge(other *ListMap) {
 		other.mu.RLock()
 		defer other.mu.RUnlock()
 	}
-	node := (*gListMapNode)(nil)
+	var node *gListMapNode
 	other.list.IteratorAsc(func(e *glist.Element) bool {
 		node = e.Value.(*gListMapNode)
 		if e, ok := m.data[node.key]; !ok {
@ -509,13 +521,34 @@ func (m *ListMap) Merge(other *ListMap) {

 // String returns the map as a string.
 func (m *ListMap) String() string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	b, _ := m.MarshalJSON()
 	return string(b)
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (m *ListMap) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(gconv.Map(m.Map()))
+func (m ListMap) MarshalJSON() (jsonBytes []byte, err error) {
+	if m.data == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	buffer.WriteByte('{')
+	m.Iterator(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		valueBytes, valueJsonErr := json.Marshal(value)
+		if valueJsonErr != nil {
+			err = valueJsonErr
+			return false
+		}
+		if buffer.Len() > 1 {
+			buffer.WriteByte(',')
+		}
+		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`"%v":%s`, key, valueBytes))
+		return true
+	})
+	buffer.WriteByte('}')
+	return buffer.Bytes(), nil
 }

 // UnmarshalJSON implements the interface UnmarshalJSON for json.Unmarshal.
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_example_list_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_example_list_test.go
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package gmap_test

 import (
 	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gmap"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/json"
@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ func ExampleListMap_Sets() {
 	m.Sets(addMap)
 	fmt.Println(m)

-	// Output:
+	// May Output:
 	// {"key1":"val1","key2":"val2","key3":"val3"}
 }

@ -562,12 +563,10 @@ func ExampleListMap_String() {

 func ExampleListMap_MarshalJSON() {
 	var m gmap.ListMap
-	m.Sets(g.MapAnyAny{
-		"k1": "v1",
-		"k2": "v2",
-		"k3": "v3",
-		"k4": "v4",
-	})
+	m.Set("k1", "v1")
+	m.Set("k2", "v2")
+	m.Set("k3", "v3")
+	m.Set("k4", "v4")

 	bytes, err := json.Marshal(&m)
 	if err == nil {
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_example_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_example_test.go
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package gmap_test

 import (
 	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gutil"

 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gmap"
@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ func ExampleNewListMapFrom() {
 	n := gmap.NewListMapFrom(m.Map(), true)
 	fmt.Println(n)

-	// Output:
+	// May Output:
 	// {"key1":"var1","key2":"var2"}
 	// {"key1":"var1","key2":"var2"}
 }
@ -290,7 +291,7 @@ func ExampleNewTreeMap() {

 	fmt.Println(m.Map())

-	// Output:
+	// May Output:
 	// map[key1:var1 key2:var2]
 }

@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ func ExampleNewTreeMapFrom() {
 	n := gmap.NewListMapFrom(m.Map(), true)
 	fmt.Println(n.Map())

-	// Output:
+	// May Output:
 	// map[key1:var1 key2:var2]
 	// map[key1:var1 key2:var2]
 }
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_any_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_any_any_test.go
@ -253,11 +253,11 @@ func Test_AnyAnyMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.New()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -267,11 +267,11 @@ func Test_AnyAnyMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.Map
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ func TestAnyAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func TestAnyAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				"k2": "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_any_test.go
@ -242,11 +242,11 @@ func Test_IntAnyMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			2: "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewIntAnyMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get(1), data[1])
 		t.Assert(m.Get(2), data[2])
 	})
@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ func TestIntAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"1":"v1","2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "v1")
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ func TestIntAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				2: "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_int_test.go
@ -248,11 +248,11 @@ func Test_IntIntMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			2: 20,
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewIntIntMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get(1), data[1])
 		t.Assert(m.Get(2), data[2])
 	})
@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func TestIntIntMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"1":1,"2":2}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "1")
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ func TestIntIntMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				2: 2,
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_int_str_test.go
@ -246,11 +246,11 @@ func Test_IntStrMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			2: "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewIntStrMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get(1), data[1])
 		t.Assert(m.Get(2), data[2])
 	})
@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func TestIntStrMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"1":"v1","2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "v1")
@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func TestIntStrMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				2: "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get(1), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_any_test.go
@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ func Test_StrAnyMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewStrAnyMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -254,11 +254,11 @@ func Test_StrAnyMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.StrAnyMap
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ func TestStrAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ func TestStrAnyMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				"k2": "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_int_test.go
@ -244,11 +244,11 @@ func Test_StrIntMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": 2,
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewStrIntMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -258,11 +258,11 @@ func Test_StrIntMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": 2,
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.StrIntMap
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ func TestStrIntMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"k1":1,"k2":2}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), 1)
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ func TestStrIntMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				"k2": 2,
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), 1)
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_hash_str_str_test.go
@ -241,11 +241,11 @@ func Test_StrStrMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewStrStrMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -255,11 +255,11 @@ func Test_StrStrMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(data)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.StrStrMap
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ func TestStrStrMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ func TestStrStrMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				"k2": "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_list_map_test.go
@ -186,12 +186,12 @@ func Test_ListMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		data := g.MapAnyAny{
 			"k1": "v1",
-			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		m1 := gmap.NewListMapFrom(data)
 		b1, err1 := json.Marshal(m1)
+		t.AssertNil(err1)
 		b2, err2 := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err1, err2)
+		t.AssertNil(err2)
 		t.Assert(b1, b2)
 	})
 	// Unmarshal
@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ func Test_ListMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewListMap()
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -216,16 +216,37 @@ func Test_ListMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.ListMap
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
 }

+func Test_ListMap_Json_Sequence(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		m := gmap.NewListMap()
+		for i := 'z'; i >= 'a'; i-- {
+			m.Set(string(i), i)
+		}
+		b, err := json.Marshal(m)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(b, `{"z":122,"y":121,"x":120,"w":119,"v":118,"u":117,"t":116,"s":115,"r":114,"q":113,"p":112,"o":111,"n":110,"m":109,"l":108,"k":107,"j":106,"i":105,"h":104,"g":103,"f":102,"e":101,"d":100,"c":99,"b":98,"a":97}`)
+	})
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		m := gmap.NewListMap()
+		for i := 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++ {
+			m.Set(string(i), i)
+		}
+		b, err := json.Marshal(m)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(b, `{"a":97,"b":98,"c":99,"d":100,"e":101,"f":102,"g":103,"h":104,"i":105,"j":106,"k":107,"l":108,"m":109,"n":110,"o":111,"p":112,"q":113,"r":114,"s":115,"t":116,"u":117,"v":118,"w":119,"x":120,"y":121,"z":122}`)
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_ListMap_Pop(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		m := gmap.NewListMapFrom(g.MapAnyAny{
@ -291,7 +312,7 @@ func TestListMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"1":"v1","2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("1"), "v1")
@ -307,7 +328,7 @@ func TestListMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				2: "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("1"), "v1")
--- a/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go
+++ b/container/gmap/gmap_z_unit_tree_map_test.go
@ -185,11 +185,11 @@ func Test_TreeMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		m := gmap.NewTreeMap(gutil.ComparatorString)
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ func Test_TreeMap_Json(t *testing.T) {
 			"k2": "v2",
 		}
 		b, err := json.Marshal(gconv.Map(data))
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)

 		var m gmap.TreeMap
 		err = json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b, &m)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k1"), data["k1"])
 		t.Assert(m.Get("k2"), data["k2"])
 	})
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ func TestTreeMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"map":  []byte(`{"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func TestTreeMap_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 				"k2": "v2",
 			},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Size(), 2)
 		t.Assert(v.Map.Get("k1"), "v1")
--- a/container/gpool/gpool.go
+++ b/container/gpool/gpool.go
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (p *Pool) Get() (interface{}, error) {
 			if f.expireAt == 0 || f.expireAt > gtime.TimestampMilli() {
 				return f.value, nil
 			} else if p.ExpireFunc != nil {
-				// TODO: move expire function calling asynchronously from `Get` operation.
+				// TODO: move expire function calling asynchronously out from `Get` operation.
 				p.ExpireFunc(f.value)
 			}
 		} else {
@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func (p *Pool) Size() int {

 // Close closes the pool. If `p` has ExpireFunc,
 // then it automatically closes all items using this function before it's closed.
-// Commonly you do not need call this function manually.
+// Commonly you do not need to call this function manually.
 func (p *Pool) Close() {
 	p.closed.Set(true)
 }
--- a/container/gring/gring.go
+++ b/container/gring/gring.go
@ -171,10 +171,13 @@ func (r *Ring) Link(s *Ring) *Ring {
 //
 func (r *Ring) Unlink(n int) *Ring {
 	r.mu.Lock()
-	r.ring = r.ring.Unlink(n)
+	resultRing := r.ring.Unlink(n)
 	r.dirty.Set(true)
 	r.mu.Unlock()
-	return r
+	resultGRing := New(resultRing.Len())
+	resultGRing.ring = resultRing
+	resultGRing.dirty.Set(true)
+	return resultGRing
 }

 // RLockIteratorNext iterates and locks reading forward
--- a/container/gring/gring_z_example_test.go
+++ b/container/gring/gring_z_example_test.go
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package gring_test

 import (
 	"fmt"
+
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gring"
 )

@ -209,10 +210,10 @@ func ExampleRing_Unlink() {
 	// Before Unlink, Cap: 10
 	// Before Unlink,  [0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1]
 	// Before Unlink,  [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
-	// After Unlink, Len: 7
-	// After Unlink, Cap: 7
-	// After Unlink,  [1 7 6 5 4 3 2]
-	// After Unlink,  [1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
+	// After Unlink, Len: 3
+	// After Unlink, Cap: 3
+	// After Unlink,  [0 9 8]
+	// After Unlink,  [0 8 9]
 }

 func ExampleRing_RLockIteratorNext() {
--- a/container/gring/gring_z_unit_test.go
+++ b/container/gring/gring_z_unit_test.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package gring_test

 import (
+	"container/ring"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gring"
@ -137,3 +138,48 @@ func TestRing_Slice(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(array4, g.Slice{1, 5, 4, 3, 2})
 	})
 }
+
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/1394
+func Test_Issue1394(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// gring.
+		gRing := gring.New(10)
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			gRing.Put(i)
+		}
+		t.Logf("the length:%d", gRing.Len())
+		gRingResult := gRing.Unlink(6)
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			t.Log(gRing.Val())
+			gRing = gRing.Next()
+		}
+		t.Logf("the ring length:%d", gRing.Len())
+		t.Logf("the result length:%d", gRingResult.Len())
+
+		// stdring
+		stdRing := ring.New(10)
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			stdRing.Value = i
+			stdRing = stdRing.Next()
+		}
+		t.Logf("the length:%d", stdRing.Len())
+		stdRingResult := stdRing.Unlink(6)
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			t.Log(stdRing.Value)
+			stdRing = stdRing.Next()
+		}
+		t.Logf("the ring length:%d", stdRing.Len())
+		t.Logf("the result length:%d", stdRingResult.Len())
+
+		// Assertion.
+		t.Assert(gRing.Len(), stdRing.Len())
+		t.Assert(gRingResult.Len(), stdRingResult.Len())
+
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			t.Assert(stdRing.Value, gRing.Val())
+			stdRing = stdRing.Next()
+			gRing = gRing.Next()
+		}
+	})
+
+}
--- a/container/gset/gset_any_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_any_set.go
@ -223,6 +223,9 @@ func (set *Set) Join(glue string) string {

 // String returns items as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (set *Set) String() string {
+	if set == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	var (
@ -467,7 +470,7 @@ func (set *Set) Walk(f func(item interface{}) interface{}) *Set {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (set *Set) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (set Set) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(set.Slice())
 }

--- a/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
@ -204,6 +204,9 @@ func (set *IntSet) Join(glue string) string {

 // String returns items as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (set *IntSet) String() string {
+	if set == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	return "[" + set.Join(",") + "]"
 }

@ -426,7 +429,7 @@ func (set *IntSet) Walk(f func(item int) int) *IntSet {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (set *IntSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (set IntSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(set.Slice())
 }

--- a/container/gset/gset_str_set.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_str_set.go
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) Add(item ...string) {
 }

 // AddIfNotExist checks whether item exists in the set,
-// it adds the item to set and returns true if it does not exists in the set,
+// it adds the item to set and returns true if it does not exist in the set,
 // or else it does nothing and returns false.
 func (set *StrSet) AddIfNotExist(item string) bool {
 	if !set.Contains(item) {
@ -218,6 +218,9 @@ func (set *StrSet) Join(glue string) string {

 // String returns items as a string, which implements like json.Marshal does.
 func (set *StrSet) String() string {
+	if set == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	set.mu.RLock()
 	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	var (
@ -454,7 +457,7 @@ func (set *StrSet) Walk(f func(item string) string) *StrSet {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (set *StrSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (set StrSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(set.Slice())
 }

--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_any_test.go
@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ func TestSet_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 gset.Set
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("a"), true)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("b"), true)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("c"), true)
@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ func TestSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  []byte(`["k1","k2","k3"]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains("k1"), true)
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ func TestSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  g.Slice{"k1", "k2", "k3"},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains("k1"), true)
--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_int_test.go
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ func TestIntSet_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 gset.IntSet
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a2.Contains(1), true)
 		t.Assert(a2.Contains(2), true)
 		t.Assert(a2.Contains(3), true)
@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ func TestIntSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  []byte(`[1,2,3]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains(1), true)
@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ func TestIntSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  g.Slice{1, 2, 3},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains(1), true)
--- a/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go
+++ b/container/gset/gset_z_unit_str_test.go
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ func TestStrSet_Json(t *testing.T) {

 		var a3 gset.StrSet
 		err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(b2, &a3)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("a"), true)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("b"), true)
 		t.Assert(a3.Contains("c"), true)
@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ func TestStrSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  []byte(`["1","2","3"]`),
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains("1"), true)
@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ func TestStrSet_UnmarshalValue(t *testing.T) {
 			"name": "john",
 			"set":  g.SliceStr{"1", "2", "3"},
 		}, &v)
-		t.Assert(err, nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(v.Name, "john")
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Size(), 3)
 		t.Assert(v.Set.Contains("1"), true)
--- a/container/gtree/gtree_avltree.go
+++ b/container/gtree/gtree_avltree.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package gtree

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gvar"
@ -398,6 +399,9 @@ func (tree *AVLTree) Replace(data map[interface{}]interface{}) {

 // String returns a string representation of container
 func (tree *AVLTree) String() string {
+	if tree == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	tree.mu.RLock()
 	defer tree.mu.RUnlock()
 	str := ""
@ -780,8 +784,26 @@ func output(node *AVLTreeNode, prefix string, isTail bool, str *string) {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (tree *AVLTree) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(tree.MapStrAny())
+func (tree AVLTree) MarshalJSON() (jsonBytes []byte, err error) {
+	if tree.root == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	buffer.WriteByte('{')
+	tree.Iterator(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		valueBytes, valueJsonErr := json.Marshal(value)
+		if valueJsonErr != nil {
+			err = valueJsonErr
+			return false
+		}
+		if buffer.Len() > 1 {
+			buffer.WriteByte(',')
+		}
+		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`"%v":%s`, key, valueBytes))
+		return true
+	})
+	buffer.WriteByte('}')
+	return buffer.Bytes(), nil
 }

 // getComparator returns the comparator if it's previously set,
--- a/container/gtree/gtree_btree.go
+++ b/container/gtree/gtree_btree.go
@ -367,6 +367,9 @@ func (tree *BTree) Right() *BTreeEntry {

 // String returns a string representation of container (for debugging purposes)
 func (tree *BTree) String() string {
+	if tree == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	tree.mu.RLock()
 	defer tree.mu.RUnlock()
 	var buffer bytes.Buffer
@ -575,10 +578,10 @@ func (tree *BTree) output(buffer *bytes.Buffer, node *BTreeNode, level int, isTa
 		}
 		if e < len(node.Entries) {
 			if _, err := buffer.WriteString(strings.Repeat("    ", level)); err != nil {
-				intlog.Error(context.TODO(), err)
+				intlog.Errorf(context.TODO(), `%+v`, err)
 			}
 			if _, err := buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", node.Entries[e].Key) + "\n"); err != nil {
-				intlog.Error(context.TODO(), err)
+				intlog.Errorf(context.TODO(), `%+v`, err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@ -944,8 +947,26 @@ func (tree *BTree) deleteChild(node *BTreeNode, index int) {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (tree *BTree) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(tree.MapStrAny())
+func (tree BTree) MarshalJSON() (jsonBytes []byte, err error) {
+	if tree.root == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	buffer.WriteByte('{')
+	tree.Iterator(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		valueBytes, valueJsonErr := json.Marshal(value)
+		if valueJsonErr != nil {
+			err = valueJsonErr
+			return false
+		}
+		if buffer.Len() > 1 {
+			buffer.WriteByte(',')
+		}
+		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`"%v":%s`, key, valueBytes))
+		return true
+	})
+	buffer.WriteByte('}')
+	return buffer.Bytes(), nil
 }

 // getComparator returns the comparator if it's previously set,
--- a/container/gtree/gtree_redblacktree.go
+++ b/container/gtree/gtree_redblacktree.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package gtree

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gvar"
@ -622,6 +623,9 @@ func (tree *RedBlackTree) Replace(data map[interface{}]interface{}) {

 // String returns a string representation of container.
 func (tree *RedBlackTree) String() string {
+	if tree == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 	tree.mu.RLock()
 	defer tree.mu.RUnlock()
 	str := ""
@ -925,8 +929,26 @@ func (tree *RedBlackTree) nodeColor(node *RedBlackTreeNode) color {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (tree *RedBlackTree) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(gconv.Map(tree.Map()))
+func (tree RedBlackTree) MarshalJSON() (jsonBytes []byte, err error) {
+	if tree.root == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+	buffer.WriteByte('{')
+	tree.Iterator(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
+		valueBytes, valueJsonErr := json.Marshal(value)
+		if valueJsonErr != nil {
+			err = valueJsonErr
+			return false
+		}
+		if buffer.Len() > 1 {
+			buffer.WriteByte(',')
+		}
+		buffer.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`"%v":%s`, key, valueBytes))
+		return true
+	})
+	buffer.WriteByte('}')
+	return buffer.Bytes(), nil
 }

 // UnmarshalJSON implements the interface UnmarshalJSON for json.Unmarshal.
--- a/container/gtype/gtype_bool.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_bool.go
@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func (v *Bool) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Bool) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Bool) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	if v.Val() {
 		return bytesTrue, nil
 	}
--- a/container/gtype/gtype_byte.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_byte.go
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (v *Byte) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Byte) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Byte) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v.Val()), 10)), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_bytes.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_bytes.go
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (v *Bytes) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Bytes) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Bytes) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	val := v.Val()
 	dst := make([]byte, base64.StdEncoding.EncodedLen(len(val)))
 	base64.StdEncoding.Encode(dst, val)
--- a/container/gtype/gtype_float32.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_float32.go
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (v *Float32) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Float32) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Float32) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.FormatFloat(float64(v.Val()), 'g', -1, 32)), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_float64.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_float64.go
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (v *Float64) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Float64) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Float64) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.FormatFloat(v.Val(), 'g', -1, 64)), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_int.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_int.go
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (v *Int) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Int) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Int) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.Itoa(v.Val())), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_int32.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_int32.go
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (v *Int32) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Int32) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Int32) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.Itoa(int(v.Val()))), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_int64.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_int64.go
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func (v *Int64) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Int64) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Int64) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return []byte(strconv.FormatInt(v.Val(), 10)), nil
 }

--- a/container/gtype/gtype_interface.go
+++ b/container/gtype/gtype_interface.go
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (v *Interface) String() string {
 }

 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v *Interface) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v Interface) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(v.Val())
 }

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More