feat: new version v2.9.0 (#4204)

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.MD

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 **Please ensure you adhere to every item in this list.**
 + The PR title is formatted as follows: `<type>[optional scope]: <description>` For example, `fix(os/gtime): fix time zone issue`
   + `<type>` is mandatory and can be one of `fix`, `feat`, `build`, `ci`, `docs`, `style`, `refactor`, `perf`, `test`, `chore`
-    + fix: Used when a bug has been fixed.
-    + feat: Used when a new feature has been added.
-    + build: Used for modifications to the project build system, such as changes to dependencies, external interfaces, or upgrading Node version.
-    + ci: Used for modifications to continuous integration processes, such as changes to Travis, Jenkins workflow configurations.
-    + docs: Used for modifications to documentation, such as changes to README files, API documentation, etc.
-    + style: Used for changes to code style, such as adjustments to indentation, spaces, blank lines, etc.
-    + refactor: Used for code refactoring, such as changes to code structure, variable names, function names, without altering functionality.
-    + perf: Used for performance optimization, such as improving code performance, reducing memory usage, etc.
-    + test: Used for modifications to test cases, such as adding, deleting, or modifying test cases for code.
-    + chore: Used for modifications to non-business-related code, such as changes to build processes or tool configurations.
+    + `fix`: Used when a bug has been fixed.
+    + `feat`: Used when a new feature has been added.
+    + `build`: Used for modifications to the project build system, such as changes to dependencies, external interfaces, or upgrading Node version.
+    + `ci`: Used for modifications to continuous integration processes, such as changes to Travis, Jenkins workflow configurations.
+    + `docs`: Used for modifications to documentation, such as changes to README files, API documentation, etc.
+    + `style`: Used for changes to code style, such as adjustments to indentation, spaces, blank lines, etc.
+    + `refactor`: Used for code refactoring, such as changes to code structure, variable names, function names, without altering functionality.
+    + `perf`: Used for performance optimization, such as improving code performance, reducing memory usage, etc.
+    + `test`: Used for modifications to test cases, such as adding, deleting, or modifying test cases for code.
+    + `chore`: Used for modifications to non-business-related code, such as changes to build processes or tool configurations.
   + After `<type>`, specify the affected package name or scope in parentheses, for example, `(os/gtime)`.
   + The part after the colon uses the verb tense + phrase that completes the blank in
   + Lowercase verb after the colon

.github/workflows/ci-main.yml

@@ -239,15 +239,15 @@ jobs:
         export PATH="$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin"
 
     - name: Before Script
-      run:  bash .github/workflows/before_script.sh
+      run:  bash .github/workflows/scripts/before_script.sh
 
     - name: Build & Test
       if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/master') || github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-      run: bash .github/workflows/ci-main.sh
+      run: bash .github/workflows/scripts/ci-main.sh
 
     - name: Build & Test & Coverage
       if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-      run: bash .github/workflows/ci-main.sh coverage
+      run: bash .github/workflows/scripts/ci-main.sh coverage
 
     - name: Stop Redis Cluster Containers
       run:  docker compose -f ".github/workflows/redis/docker-compose.yml" down

.github/workflows/ci-sub.yml

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ jobs:
         cache-dependency-path: '**/go.sum' 
 
     - name: Before Script
-      run:  bash .github/workflows/before_script.sh
+      run:  bash .github/workflows/scripts/before_script.sh
 
     - name: Build & Test
-      run: bash .github/workflows/ci-sub.sh
+      run: bash .github/workflows/scripts/ci-sub.sh
 
 

.github/workflows/doc-build.yml

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - 'doc-build'
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 15 * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          ref: doc-build
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: 18
-          cache: npm
-      - name: Set Up Golang Environment
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: 1.23.4
-          cache: false
-      - name: download goframe docs
-        run: ./download.sh
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: npm ci
-      - name: Build website
-        run: npm run build
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v4
-        with:
-          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          publish_dir: ./build
-          cname: pages.goframe.org

.github/workflows/issue-check-inactive.yml

@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           actions: 'check-inactive'
           inactive-label: 'inactive'
-          inactive-day: 7
+          inactive-day: 30
           issue-state: open
           exclude-labels: 'bug,planned,$exclude-empty'

.github/workflows/scripts/ci-main.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
 coverage=$1
 
 # update code of submodules
-make subup
+git clone https://github.com/gogf/examples
+
+# update go.mod in examples directory to replace github.com/gogf/gf packages with local directory
+bash .github/workflows/scripts/replace_examples_gomod.sh
 
 # find all path that contains go.mod.
 for file in `find . -name go.mod`; do
@@ -22,14 +25,14 @@ for file in `find . -name go.mod`; do
     fi
 
     # Check if it's a contrib directory or examples directory
-    if [[ $dirpath =~ "/contrib/" ]] || [ "examples" = $(basename $dirpath) ]; then
+    if [[ $dirpath =~ "/contrib/" ]] || [[ $dirpath =~ "/examples/" ]]; then
         # Check if go version meets the requirement
         if ! go version | grep -qE "go${LATEST_GO_VERSION}"; then
             echo "ignore path $dirpath as go version is not ${LATEST_GO_VERSION}: $(go version)"
             continue 1
         fi
         # If it's examples directory, only build without tests
-        if [ "examples" = $(basename $dirpath) ]; then
+        if [[ $dirpath =~ "/examples/" ]]; then
             echo "the examples directory only needs to be built, not unit tests and coverage tests."
             cd $dirpath
             go mod tidy

.github/workflows/scripts/replace_examples_gomod.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Get the absolute path to the repository root
+repo_root=$(pwd)
+workdir=$repo_root/examples
+
+echo "Prepare to process go.mod files in the ${workdir} directory"
+
+# Check if examples directory exists
+if [ ! -d "${workdir}" ]; then
+    echo "Error: examples directory not found at ${workdir}"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if find command is available
+if ! command -v find &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Error: find command not found!"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+for file in `find ${workdir} -name go.mod`; do
+    goModPath=$(dirname $file)
+    echo ""
+    echo "Processing dir: $goModPath"
+
+    # Calculate relative path to root
+    # First get the relative path from go.mod to repo root
+    relativePath=""
+    current="$goModPath"
+    while [ "$current" != "$repo_root" ]; do
+        relativePath="../$relativePath"
+        current=$(dirname "$current")
+    done
+    relativePath=${relativePath%/}  # Remove trailing slash
+    echo "Relative path to root: $relativePath"
+
+    # Get all github.com/gogf/gf dependencies
+    # Use awk to get package names without version numbers
+    dependencies=$(awk '/^[[:space:]]*github\.com\/gogf\/gf\// {print $1}' "$file" | sort -u)
+    
+    if [ -n "$dependencies" ]; then
+        echo "Found GoFrame dependencies:"
+        echo "$dependencies"
+        echo "Adding replace directives..."
+
+        # Create temporary file
+        temp_file="${file}.tmp"
+        # Remove existing replace directives and copy to temp file
+        sed '/^replace.*github\.com\/gogf\/gf.*/d' "$file" > "$temp_file"
+        
+        # Add new replace block
+        echo "" >> "$temp_file"
+        echo "replace (" >> "$temp_file"
+        
+        while IFS= read -r dep; do
+            # Skip empty lines
+            [ -z "$dep" ] && continue
+            
+            # Calculate the relative path for the replacement
+            if [[ "$dep" == "github.com/gogf/gf/v2" ]]; then
+                replacement="$relativePath"
+            else
+                # Extract the path after v2 and remove trailing version
+                subpath=$(echo "$dep" | sed -E 's/github\.com\/gogf\/gf\/(contrib\/[^/]+\/[^/]+)\/v2.*/\1/')
+                replacement="$relativePath/$subpath"
+            fi
+            
+            echo "    $dep => $replacement/" >> "$temp_file"
+        done <<< "$dependencies"
+        
+        echo ")" >> "$temp_file"
+        
+        # Replace original file with temporary file
+        mv "$temp_file" "$file"
+        echo "Replace directives added to $file"
+    else
+        echo "No GoFrame dependencies found in $file"
+    fi
+done
+
+echo "\nAll go.mod files have been processed successfully."

.gitignore

@@ -23,3 +23,4 @@ go.work.sum
 node_modules
 .docusaurus
 output
+.example/

.make_tidy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+workdir=.
+echo "Prepare to tidy all go.mod files in the ${workdir} directory"
+
+# check find command support or not
+output=$(find "${workdir}" -name go.mod 2>&1)
+if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "Error: please use bash or zsh to run!"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+for file in `find ${workdir} -name go.mod`; do
+    goModPath=$(dirname $file)
+    echo ""
+    echo "processing dir: $goModPath"
+
+    if [[ $goModPath =~ "/testdata/" ]]; then
+        echo "ignore testdata path $goModPath"
+        continue 1
+    fi
+
+    if [[ $goModPath =~ "/examples/" ]]; then
+        echo "ignore examples path $goModPath"
+        continue 1
+    fi
+
+    cd $goModPath
+    go mod tidy
+    # Remove toolchain line if exists
+    sed -i '' '/^toolchain/d' go.mod
+    cd - > /dev/null
+done

.make_version.sh

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ fi
 
 workdir=.
 newVersion=$2
-echo "Prepare to replace the GF library version numbers in all go.mod files in the ${workdir} directory with ${newVersion}"
+echo "Prepare to replace the GoFrame library version numbers in all go.mod files in the ${workdir} directory with ${newVersion}"
 
 # check find command support or not
 output=$(find "${workdir}" -name go.mod 2>&1)
@@ -49,6 +49,11 @@ for file in `find ${workdir} -name go.mod`; do
         continue 1
     fi
 
+    if [[ $goModPath =~ "/examples/" ]]; then
+        echo "ignore examples path $goModPath"
+        continue 1
+    fi
+
     cd $goModPath
     if [ $goModPath = "./cmd/gf" ]; then
         mv go.work go.work.version.bak
@@ -59,15 +64,18 @@ for file in `find ${workdir} -name go.mod`; do
         go mod edit -replace github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2=../../contrib/drivers/oracle
         go mod edit -replace github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2=../../contrib/drivers/pgsql
         go mod edit -replace github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2=../../contrib/drivers/sqlite
-    # else
-    #     cd -
-    #     continue 1
     fi
     go mod tidy
-    # Upgrading only GF related libraries, sometimes even if a version number is specified, it may not be possible to successfully upgrade. Please confirm before submitting the code
+    # Remove toolchain line if exists
+    sed -i '' '/^toolchain/d' go.mod
+
+    # Upgrading only GoFrame related libraries, sometimes even if a version number is specified, 
+    # it may not be possible to successfully upgrade. Please confirm before submitting the code
     go list -f "{{if and (not .Indirect) (not .Main)}}{{.Path}}@${newVersion}{{end}}" -m all | grep "^github.com/gogf/gf"
     go list -f "{{if and (not .Indirect) (not .Main)}}{{.Path}}@${newVersion}{{end}}" -m all | grep "^github.com/gogf/gf" | xargs -L1 go get -v 
     go mod tidy
+    # Remove toolchain line if exists
+    sed -i '' '/^toolchain/d' go.mod
     if [ $goModPath = "./cmd/gf" ]; then
         go mod edit -dropreplace github.com/gogf/gf/v2
         go mod edit -dropreplace github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2

Makefile

@@ -3,17 +3,7 @@ SHELL := /bin/bash
 # execute "go mod tidy" on all folders that have go.mod file
 .PHONY: tidy
 tidy:
-	$(eval files=$(shell find . -name go.mod))
-	@set -e; \
-	for file in ${files}; do \
-		goModPath=$$(dirname $$file); \
-		if ! echo $$goModPath | grep -q "testdata"; then \
-			echo "handle: $$goModPath"; \
-			cd $$goModPath; \
-			go mod tidy; \
-			cd -; \
-		fi \
-	done
+	./.make_tidy.sh
 
 # execute "golangci-lint" to check code style
 .PHONY: lint
@@ -25,7 +15,7 @@ lint:
 version:
 	@set -e; \
 	newVersion=$(to); \
-	./.set_version.sh ./ $$newVersion; \
+	./.make_version.sh ./ $$newVersion; \
 	echo "make version to=$(to) done"
 
 
@@ -33,10 +23,9 @@ version:
 .PHONY: subup
 subup:
 	@set -e; \
-	cd examples; \
 	echo "Updating submodules..."; \
-	git pull origin; \
-	cd ..;
+	git submodule init;\
+	git submodule update;
 
 # update and commit submodules
 .PHONY: subsync

README.MD

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ A powerful framework for faster, easier, and more efficient project development.
 💖 [Thanks to all the contributors who made GoFrame possible](https://github.com/gogf/gf/graphs/contributors) 💖
 
 <a href="https://github.com/gogf/gf/graphs/contributors">
-<img src="https://goframe.org/img/contributors.svg?version=v2.8.3" alt="goframe contributors"/>
+<img src="https://goframe.org/img/contributors.svg?version=v2.9.0" alt="goframe contributors"/>
 </a>
 
 # License

cmd/gf/go.mod

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 module github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/v2
 
-go 1.20
+go 1.22
 
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mysql/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mysql/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/gogf/selfupdate v0.0.0-20231215043001-5c48c528462f
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
 	github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3 v3.15.0
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sijms/go-ora/v2 v2.7.10 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.33.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0 // indirect

cmd/gf/go.sum

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 aead.dev/minisign v0.2.0 h1:kAWrq/hBRu4AARY6AlciO83xhNnW9UaC8YipS2uhLPk=
 aead.dev/minisign v0.2.0/go.mod h1:zdq6LdSd9TbuSxchxwhpA9zEb9YXcVGoE8JakuiGaIQ=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.9.1 h1:lGlwhPtrX6EVml1hO0ivjkUxsSyl4dsiw9qcA1k/3IQ=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.9.1/go.mod h1:RKUqNu35KJYcVG/fqTRqmuXJZYNhYkBrnC/hX7yGbTA=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.5.1 h1:sO0/P7g68FrryJzljemN+6GTssUXdANk6aJ7T1ZxnsQ=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.5.1/go.mod h1:h8hyGFDsU5HMivxiS2iYFZsgDbU9OnnJ163x5UGVKYo=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.5.1 h1:6oNBlSdi1QqM1PNW7FPA6xOGA5UNsXnkaYZz9vdPGhA=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.5.1/go.mod h1:s4kgfzA0covAXNicZHDMN58jExvcng2mC/DepXiF1EI=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/security/keyvault/azkeys v1.0.1 h1:MyVTgWR8qd/Jw1Le0NZebGBUCLbtak3bJ3z1OlqZBpw=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/security/keyvault/azkeys v1.0.1/go.mod h1:GpPjLhVR9dnUoJMyHWSPy71xY9/lcmpzIPZXmF0FCVY=
 github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/security/keyvault/internal v1.0.0 h1:D3occbWoio4EBLkbkevetNMAVX197GkzbUMtqjGWn80=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/security/keyvault/internal v1.0.0/go.mod h1:bTSOgj05NGRuHHhQwAdPnYr9TOdNmKlZTgGLL6nyAdI=
 github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.1 h1:DzHpqpoJVaCgOUdVHxE8QB52S6NiVdDQvGlny1qvPqA=
+github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.1/go.mod h1:wP83P5OoQ5p6ip3ScPr0BAq0BvuPAvacpEuSzyouqAI=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go v1.5.4/go.mod h1:EaI/sW7Azgz9UATzd5ZdZHRUhHgv5+JMS9NSr2smCJI=
@@ -40,24 +46,11 @@ github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiU
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.4.0/go.mod h1:zAC/RDZ24gD3HViQzih4MyKcchzm+sOG5ZlKdlhCg5w=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1 h1:lUIinVbN1DY0xBg0eMOzmmtGoHwWBbvnWubQUrtU8EI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1/go.mod h1:OXbVy3sEdcQ2Doequ6Z5BW6fXNQTmx+9S1MCJN5yJMI=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2 v2.8.3 h1:b/AQMTxiHKPHsidEdk471AC5pkfoK88a5cPmKnzE53U=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:qYrF+x5urXLhce3pMcUAyccIsw3Oec0htynoDE4Boi4=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 v2.8.3 h1:F7Gt1y6YsYOIvgrUlRK07H29BL77dEgLPXilTqqVC80=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:K5prIMZwHANSZrqZbfm6PoEIMfLtd0PwR7u+hZD9HFs=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mysql/v2 v2.8.3 h1:RtoBg5HWACFrgIrFkpzH94kxSd5EWefNAq5k6olNY6c=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mysql/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:elZjckHRCejwml5Kdx2zfhOUDiAV3r5i4BgXcKAeH00=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 v2.8.3 h1:10/RCoWmvQ6PSm+leoS6CsKijH4dB38HOXLgP5+aScQ=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:XSaHf3/vTlzj/zioUbzKmaffPuoKvPV639fT91caheM=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 v2.8.3 h1:DvpoiVac1cwGVDTqC6wzFbDb+gXNzcceRgZUIcuTmaI=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:zugvYVb6c/X9rJ8Gb6b5WkMe+bFz2BsxQ5OLf4RSZos=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 v2.8.3 h1:3pdibfm4UOiTGGh6UD8jfMyGZBGH9ikrrIMU8i/XANA=
-github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:G5rfcFkBhtmZT4+CU7A3fJH3sNmP4WRIaJ+4JFeVE08=
-github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3 h1:h9Px3lqJnnH6It0AqHRz4/1hx0JmvaSf1IvUir5x1rA=
-github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3/go.mod h1:n++xPYGUUMadw6IygLEgGZqc6y6DRLrJKg5kqCrPLWY=
 github.com/gogf/selfupdate v0.0.0-20231215043001-5c48c528462f h1:7xfXR/BhG3JDqO1s45n65Oyx9t4E/UqDOXep6jXdLCM=
 github.com/gogf/selfupdate v0.0.0-20231215043001-5c48c528462f/go.mod h1:HnYoio6S7VaFJdryKcD/r9HgX+4QzYfr00XiXUo/xz0=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:P1XiOD3dCwIKUDQYPy72D8LYyHL2YPYrpS2s69NZV8Q=
 github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.0 h1:d/ix8ftRUorsN+5eMIlF4T6J8CAt9rch3My2winC1Jw=
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.2.0/go.mod h1:pqrtFR0X4osieyHYxtmOUWsAWrfe1Q5UVIyoH402zdk=
 github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20220223132316-b832511892a9 h1:au07oEsX2xN0ktxqI+Sida1w446QrXBRJ0nee3SNZlA=
 github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20220223132316-b832511892a9/go.mod h1:8vg3r2VgvsThLBIFL93Qb5yWzgyZWhEmBwUJWevAkK0=
 github.com/golang-sql/sqlexp v0.1.0 h1:ZCD6MBpcuOVfGVqsEmY5/4FtYiKz6tSyUv9LPEDei6A=
@@ -66,7 +59,9 @@ github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0/go.mod h1:FsONVRAS9T7sI+LIUmWTfcYkHO4aIWwzhcaS
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.7/go.mod h1:n+brtR0CgQNWTVd5ZUFpTBC8YFBDLK/h/bpaJ8/DtOE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
+github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20221118152302-e6195bd50e26 h1:Xim43kblpZXfIBQsbuBVKCudVG457BR2GZFIz3uw3hQ=
+github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20221118152302-e6195bd50e26/go.mod h1:dDKJzRmX4S37WGHujM7tX//fmj1uioxKzKxz3lo4HJo=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
@@ -80,7 +75,12 @@ github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v1.2.0/go.mod h1:1FEQNm3xlJgrMD+FBdI9+xvCksHtbpVBBw5dYhB
 github.com/k0kubun/go-ansi v0.0.0-20180517002512-3bf9e2903213/go.mod h1:vNUNkEQ1e29fT/6vq2aBdFsgNPmy8qMdSay1npru+Sw=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
+github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
+github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.0.0/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 h1:YXG7RB+JIjhP29X+OtkiDnYaXQwpS4JEWq7dtCCRUEw=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9/go.mod h1:AlVN5x4E4T544tWzH6hKfbfQvm3HdbOxrmggDNAPY9o=
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ github.com/pierrec/lz4 v2.0.5+incompatible/go.mod h1:pdkljMzZIN41W+lC3N2tnIh5sFi
 github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.14 h1:+fL8AQEZtz/ijeNnpduH0bROTu0O3NZAlPjQxGn8LwE=
 github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.14/go.mod h1:gZWDp/Ze/IJXGXf23ltt2EXimqmTUXEy0GFuRQyBid4=
 github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c h1:+mdjkGKdHQG3305AYmdv1U2eRNDiU2ErMBj1gwrq8eQ=
+github.com/pkg/browser v0.0.0-20240102092130-5ac0b6a4141c/go.mod h1:7rwL4CYBLnjLxUqIJNnCWiEdr3bn6IUYi15bNlnbCCU=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20200410134404-eec4a21b6bb0/go.mod h1:qqbHyh8v60DhA7CoWK5oRCqLrMHRGoxYCSS9EjAz6Eo=
@@ -117,6 +118,8 @@ github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec/go.mod h1:qq
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.2.0/go.mod h1:J6wj4VEh+S6ZtnVlnTBMWIodfgj8LQOQFoIToxlJtxc=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1 h1:KvO1DLK/DRN07sQ1LQKScxyZJuNnedQ5/wKSR38lUII=
+github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1/go.mod h1:uMEvuHeurkdAXX61udpOXGD/AzZDWNMNyH2VO9fmH0o=
 github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3 v3.15.0 h1:cNZmcNiVyea6oofBTg80ZhVXxf3wG/JoAhqCCwopkQo=
 github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3 v3.15.0/go.mod h1:ncBdc++eweU0dQoeZJ3loXoAc+bjaallHRIm8pVVeQM=
 github.com/shirou/gopsutil v2.19.11+incompatible/go.mod h1:5b4v6he4MtMOwMlS0TUMTu2PcXUg8+E1lC7eC3UO/RA=
@@ -131,22 +134,23 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UV
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2/go.mod h1:R6va5+xMeoiuVRoj+gSkQ7d3FALtqAAGI1FQKckRals=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4 h1:CcVxjf3Q8PM0mHUKJCdn+eZZtm5yQwehR5yeSVQQcUk=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.10/go.mod h1:C8XykCvCb+Gn0oNCWPIlcb0RuglQTYaQ2hGm7jmxEFk=
 github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.4.0/go.mod h1:1+UI3pD8NW14VMwdgJNJ1ESk2UnwhAnz5hMwiKKqXCQ=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.2/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.7.0/go.mod h1:5BdUoMIz5WEs0vt0CUEMtSSaTSHBBVwrhnz7+nrD5xk=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 h1:0LAOdjNmQeSTzGBzduGe/rU4tZhMwL5rWgtp9Ku5Jfo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0/go.mod h1:W7b9Ozg4nkF5tWI5zsXkaKKDjdVjpD4oAt9Qi/MArHo=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 h1:6EhoGWWK28x1fbpA4tYTOWBkPefTDQnb8WSGXlc88kI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0/go.mod h1:VYhLe1rFfxuTXLgj4CBiyz+9WYBA8pNGJgDcSFRKBco=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0 h1:YMPPDNymmQN3ZgczicBY3B6sf9n62Dlj9pWD3ucgoDw=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0/go.mod h1:KVrIYw6tEubO9E96HQpcmpTKDVn9gdv35HoYiQWGDFg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0 h1:WnBN+Xjcteh0zdk01SVqV55d/m62NJLJdIyb4y/WO5U=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0/go.mod h1:00DCVSB0RQcnzlwyTfqtxSm+DRr9hpYrHjNGiBHVQIg=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.32.0 h1:xV2umtmNcThh2/a/aCP+h64Xx5wsj8qqnkYZktzNa0M=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.32.0/go.mod h1:jH7CIbbK6SH2V2wE16W05BHCtIDzauciCRLoc/SyMv8=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.32.0 h1:RNxepc9vK59A8XsgZQouW8ue8Gkb4jpWtJm9ge5lEG4=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.32.0/go.mod h1:LqgegDBjKMmb2GC6/PrTnteJG39I8/vJCAP9LlJXEjU=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.7.0/go.mod h1:fzLSB9nqR2eXzxPXb2JW9IKE+ScyXA48yyE4TNvoHqU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 h1:CsKnnL4dUAr/0llH9FKuc698G04IrpWV0MQA/Y1YELI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0/go.mod h1:HPc3Xr/cOApsBI154IU0OI0HJexz+aw5uPdbs3UCjNU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0 h1:WIC9mYrXf8TmY/EXuULKc8hR17vE+Hjv2cssQDe03fM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0/go.mod h1:+i4rkvCraA+tG6AzwloGaCtkx53Fa+L+V8e9a7YvhT8=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
@@ -202,8 +206,9 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.27.1/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=

cmd/gf/go.work

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-go 1.20
+go 1.22
 
 use (
 	./

cmd/gf/internal/cmd/gendao/gendao.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type (
 		Link               string   `name:"link"                short:"l"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefLink}"`
 		Tables             string   `name:"tables"              short:"t"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefTables}"`
 		TablesEx           string   `name:"tablesEx"            short:"x"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefTablesEx}"`
-		ShardingPattern    []string `name:"ShardingPattern"     short:"sp" brief:"{CGenDaoBriefShardingPattern}"`
+		ShardingPattern    []string `name:"shardingPattern"     short:"sp" brief:"{CGenDaoBriefShardingPattern}"`
 		Group              string   `name:"group"               short:"g"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefGroup}" d:"default"`
 		Prefix             string   `name:"prefix"              short:"f"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefPrefix}"`
 		RemovePrefix       string   `name:"removePrefix"        short:"r"  brief:"{CGenDaoBriefRemovePrefix}"`

cmd/gf/internal/cmd/testdata/build/varmap/go.mod

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 module github.com/gogf/gf/cmd/gf/cmd/gf/testdata/vardump/v2
 
-go 1.18
+go 1.22
 
 require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.2
 
 require (
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0 // indirect
 )
 
 replace github.com/gogf/gf/v2 => ../../../../../../../

cmd/gf/internal/cmd/testdata/build/varmap/go.sum

@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@ github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4 h1:CcVxjf3Q8PM0mHUKJCdn+eZZtm5yQwehR5yeSVQQcUk=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0 h1:0LAOdjNmQeSTzGBzduGe/rU4tZhMwL5rWgtp9Ku5Jfo=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0/go.mod h1:W7b9Ozg4nkF5tWI5zsXkaKKDjdVjpD4oAt9Qi/MArHo=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0/go.mod h1:00DCVSB0RQcnzlwyTfqtxSm+DRr9hpYrHjNGiBHVQIg=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.24.0 h1:6EhoGWWK28x1fbpA4tYTOWBkPefTDQnb8WSGXlc88kI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0 h1:YMPPDNymmQN3ZgczicBY3B6sf9n62Dlj9pWD3ucgoDw=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0 h1:CsKnnL4dUAr/0llH9FKuc698G04IrpWV0MQA/Y1YELI=
 go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0/go.mod h1:HPc3Xr/cOApsBI154IU0OI0HJexz+aw5uPdbs3UCjNU=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0/go.mod h1:+i4rkvCraA+tG6AzwloGaCtkx53Fa+L+V8e9a7YvhT8=
 golang.org/x/net v0.27.0 h1:5K3Njcw06/l2y9vpGCSdcxWOYHOUk3dVNGDXN+FvAys=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 h1:RI27ohtqKCnwULzJLqkv897zojh5/DwS/ENaMzUOaWI=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=

cmd/gf/internal/service/install.go

@@ -162,8 +162,14 @@ func (s serviceInstall) getGoPathBin() string {
 func (s serviceInstall) getAvailablePaths() []serviceInstallAvailablePath {
 	var (
 		folderPaths    []serviceInstallAvailablePath
-		binaryFileName = "gf" + gfile.Ext(gfile.SelfPath())
+		binaryFileName = "gf"
 	)
+
+	// Windows binary file name suffix.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		binaryFileName += ".exe"
+	}
+
 	// $GOPATH/bin
 	if goPathBin := s.getGoPathBin(); goPathBin != "" {
 		folderPaths = s.checkAndAppendToAvailablePath(

container/gvar/gvar.go

@@ -8,14 +8,8 @@
 package gvar
 
 import (
-	"time"
-
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gtype"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/deepcopy"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/json"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gutil"
 )
 
 // Var is an universal variable type implementer.
@@ -39,144 +33,8 @@ func New(value interface{}, safe ...bool) *Var {
 	}
 }
 
-// Copy does a deep copy of current Var and returns a pointer to this Var.
-func (v *Var) Copy() *Var {
-	return New(gutil.Copy(v.Val()), v.safe)
-}
-
-// Clone does a shallow copy of current Var and returns a pointer to this Var.
-func (v *Var) Clone() *Var {
-	return New(v.Val(), v.safe)
-}
-
-// Set sets `value` to `v`, and returns the old value.
-func (v *Var) Set(value interface{}) (old interface{}) {
-	if v.safe {
-		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
-			old = t.Set(value)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	old = v.value
-	v.value = value
-	return
-}
-
-// Val returns the current value of `v`.
-func (v *Var) Val() interface{} {
-	if v == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if v.safe {
-		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
-			return t.Val()
-		}
-	}
-	return v.value
-}
-
-// Interface is alias of Val.
-func (v *Var) Interface() interface{} {
-	return v.Val()
-}
-
-// Bytes converts and returns `v` as []byte.
-func (v *Var) Bytes() []byte {
-	return gconv.Bytes(v.Val())
-}
-
-// String converts and returns `v` as string.
-func (v *Var) String() string {
-	return gconv.String(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Bool converts and returns `v` as bool.
-func (v *Var) Bool() bool {
-	return gconv.Bool(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Int converts and returns `v` as int.
-func (v *Var) Int() int {
-	return gconv.Int(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Int8 converts and returns `v` as int8.
-func (v *Var) Int8() int8 {
-	return gconv.Int8(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Int16 converts and returns `v` as int16.
-func (v *Var) Int16() int16 {
-	return gconv.Int16(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Int32 converts and returns `v` as int32.
-func (v *Var) Int32() int32 {
-	return gconv.Int32(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Int64 converts and returns `v` as int64.
-func (v *Var) Int64() int64 {
-	return gconv.Int64(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Uint converts and returns `v` as uint.
-func (v *Var) Uint() uint {
-	return gconv.Uint(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Uint8 converts and returns `v` as uint8.
-func (v *Var) Uint8() uint8 {
-	return gconv.Uint8(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Uint16 converts and returns `v` as uint16.
-func (v *Var) Uint16() uint16 {
-	return gconv.Uint16(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Uint32 converts and returns `v` as uint32.
-func (v *Var) Uint32() uint32 {
-	return gconv.Uint32(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Uint64 converts and returns `v` as uint64.
-func (v *Var) Uint64() uint64 {
-	return gconv.Uint64(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Float32 converts and returns `v` as float32.
-func (v *Var) Float32() float32 {
-	return gconv.Float32(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Float64 converts and returns `v` as float64.
-func (v *Var) Float64() float64 {
-	return gconv.Float64(v.Val())
-}
-
-// Time converts and returns `v` as time.Time.
-// The parameter `format` specifies the format of the time string using gtime,
-// eg: Y-m-d H:i:s.
-func (v *Var) Time(format ...string) time.Time {
-	return gconv.Time(v.Val(), format...)
-}
-
-// Duration converts and returns `v` as time.Duration.
-// If value of `v` is string, then it uses time.ParseDuration for conversion.
-func (v *Var) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return gconv.Duration(v.Val())
-}
-
-// GTime converts and returns `v` as *gtime.Time.
-// The parameter `format` specifies the format of the time string using gtime,
-// eg: Y-m-d H:i:s.
-func (v *Var) GTime(format ...string) *gtime.Time {
-	return gconv.GTime(v.Val(), format...)
-}
-
 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (v Var) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (v *Var) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(v.Val())
 }
 
@@ -195,11 +53,3 @@ func (v *Var) UnmarshalValue(value interface{}) error {
 	v.Set(value)
 	return nil
 }
-
-// DeepCopy implements interface for deep copy of current type.
-func (v *Var) DeepCopy() interface{} {
-	if v == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return New(deepcopy.Copy(v.Val()), v.safe)
-}

container/gvar/gvar_basic.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gvar
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gtype"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+)
+
+// Val returns the current value of `v`.
+func (v *Var) Val() any {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if v.safe {
+		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
+			return t.Val()
+		}
+	}
+	return v.value
+}
+
+// Interface is alias of Val.
+func (v *Var) Interface() any {
+	return v.Val()
+}
+
+// Bytes converts and returns `v` as []byte.
+func (v *Var) Bytes() []byte {
+	return gconv.Bytes(v.Val())
+}
+
+// String converts and returns `v` as string.
+func (v *Var) String() string {
+	return gconv.String(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Bool converts and returns `v` as bool.
+func (v *Var) Bool() bool {
+	return gconv.Bool(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Int converts and returns `v` as int.
+func (v *Var) Int() int {
+	return gconv.Int(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Int8 converts and returns `v` as int8.
+func (v *Var) Int8() int8 {
+	return gconv.Int8(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Int16 converts and returns `v` as int16.
+func (v *Var) Int16() int16 {
+	return gconv.Int16(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Int32 converts and returns `v` as int32.
+func (v *Var) Int32() int32 {
+	return gconv.Int32(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Int64 converts and returns `v` as int64.
+func (v *Var) Int64() int64 {
+	return gconv.Int64(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Uint converts and returns `v` as uint.
+func (v *Var) Uint() uint {
+	return gconv.Uint(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Uint8 converts and returns `v` as uint8.
+func (v *Var) Uint8() uint8 {
+	return gconv.Uint8(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Uint16 converts and returns `v` as uint16.
+func (v *Var) Uint16() uint16 {
+	return gconv.Uint16(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Uint32 converts and returns `v` as uint32.
+func (v *Var) Uint32() uint32 {
+	return gconv.Uint32(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Uint64 converts and returns `v` as uint64.
+func (v *Var) Uint64() uint64 {
+	return gconv.Uint64(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Float32 converts and returns `v` as float32.
+func (v *Var) Float32() float32 {
+	return gconv.Float32(v.Val())
+}
+
+// Float64 converts and returns `v` as float64.
+func (v *Var) Float64() float64 {
+	return gconv.Float64(v.Val())
+}

container/gvar/gvar_copy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gvar
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/deepcopy"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gutil"
+)
+
+// Copy does a deep copy of current Var and returns a pointer to this Var.
+func (v *Var) Copy() *Var {
+	return New(gutil.Copy(v.Val()), v.safe)
+}
+
+// Clone does a shallow copy of current Var and returns a pointer to this Var.
+func (v *Var) Clone() *Var {
+	return New(v.Val(), v.safe)
+}
+
+// DeepCopy implements interface for deep copy of current type.
+func (v *Var) DeepCopy() interface{} {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return New(deepcopy.Copy(v.Val()), v.safe)
+}

container/gvar/gvar_scan.go

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
 )
 
-// Scan automatically checks the type of `pointer` and converts `params` to `pointer`. It supports `pointer`
-// with type of `*map/*[]map/*[]*map/*struct/**struct/*[]struct/*[]*struct` for converting.
+// Scan automatically checks the type of `pointer` and converts value of Var to `pointer`.
 //
 // See gconv.Scan.
 func (v *Var) Scan(pointer interface{}, mapping ...map[string]string) error {

container/gvar/gvar_set.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gvar
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gtype"
+)
+
+// Set sets `value` to `v`, and returns the old value.
+func (v *Var) Set(value interface{}) (old interface{}) {
+	if v.safe {
+		if t, ok := v.value.(*gtype.Interface); ok {
+			old = t.Set(value)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	old = v.value
+	v.value = value
+	return
+}

container/gvar/gvar_time.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gvar
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+)
+
+// Time converts and returns `v` as time.Time.
+// The parameter `format` specifies the format of the time string using gtime,
+// eg: Y-m-d H:i:s.
+func (v *Var) Time(format ...string) time.Time {
+	return gconv.Time(v.Val(), format...)
+}
+
+// Duration converts and returns `v` as time.Duration.
+// If value of `v` is string, then it uses time.ParseDuration for conversion.
+func (v *Var) Duration() time.Duration {
+	return gconv.Duration(v.Val())
+}
+
+// GTime converts and returns `v` as *gtime.Time.
+// The parameter `format` specifies the format of the time string using gtime,
+// eg: Y-m-d H:i:s.
+func (v *Var) GTime(format ...string) *gtime.Time {
+	return gconv.GTime(v.Val(), format...)
+}

contrib/config/apollo/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/config/apollo/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
 	github.com/apolloconfig/agollo/v4 v4.3.1
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 )
 
 require (

contrib/config/consul/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/config/consul/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.24.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2
 )

contrib/config/kubecm/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/config/kubecm/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	k8s.io/api v0.27.4
 	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.27.4
 	k8s.io/client-go v0.27.4

contrib/config/nacos/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/config/nacos/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2 v2.2.5
 )
 

contrib/config/polaris/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/config/polaris/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/polarismesh/polaris-go v1.5.8
 )
 

contrib/drivers/clickhouse/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/clickhouse/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
 	github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-go/v2 v2.0.15
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.3.1
 )

contrib/drivers/dm/go.mod

@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/dm/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 replace github.com/gogf/gf/v2 => ../../../
 
 require (
 	gitee.com/chunanyong/dm v1.8.12
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 )
 
 require (

contrib/drivers/mssql/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mssql/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.7.1
 )
 

contrib/drivers/mysql/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/mysql/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.1
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 )
 
 require (

contrib/drivers/mysql/mysql_z_unit_feature_model_struct_test.go

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/test/gtest"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
 )
 
@@ -481,117 +480,3 @@ func Test_Scan_AutoFilteringByStructAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
 	})
 }
-
-func Test_Scan_JsonAttributes(t *testing.T) {
-	type GiftImage struct {
-		Uid    string `json:"uid"`
-		Url    string `json:"url"`
-		Status string `json:"status"`
-		Name   string `json:"name"`
-	}
-
-	type GiftComment struct {
-		Name     string `json:"name"`
-		Field    string `json:"field"`
-		Required bool   `json:"required"`
-	}
-
-	type Prop struct {
-		Name   string   `json:"name"`
-		Values []string `json:"values"`
-	}
-
-	type Sku struct {
-		GiftId      int64  `json:"gift_id"`
-		Name        string `json:"name"`
-		ScorePrice  int    `json:"score_price"`
-		MarketPrice int    `json:"market_price"`
-		CostPrice   int    `json:"cost_price"`
-		Stock       int    `json:"stock"`
-	}
-
-	type Covers struct {
-		List []GiftImage `json:"list"`
-	}
-
-	type GiftEntity struct {
-		Id                   int64         `json:"id"`
-		StoreId              int64         `json:"store_id"`
-		GiftType             int           `json:"gift_type"`
-		GiftName             string        `json:"gift_name"`
-		Description          string        `json:"description"`
-		Covers               Covers        `json:"covers"`
-		Cover                string        `json:"cover"`
-		GiftCategoryId       []int64       `json:"gift_category_id"`
-		HasProps             bool          `json:"has_props"`
-		OutSn                string        `json:"out_sn"`
-		IsLimitSell          bool          `json:"is_limit_sell"`
-		LimitSellType        int           `json:"limit_sell_type"`
-		LimitSellCycle       string        `json:"limit_sell_cycle"`
-		LimitSellCycleCount  int           `json:"limit_sell_cycle_count"`
-		LimitSellCustom      bool          `json:"limit_sell_custom"`   // 只允许特定会员兑换
-		LimitCustomerTags    []int64       `json:"limit_customer_tags"` // 允许兑换的成员
-		ScorePrice           int           `json:"score_price"`
-		MarketPrice          float64       `json:"market_price"`
-		CostPrice            int           `json:"cost_price"`
-		Stock                int           `json:"stock"`
-		Props                []Prop        `json:"props"`
-		Skus                 []Sku         `json:"skus"`
-		ExpressType          []string      `json:"express_type"`
-		Comments             []GiftComment `json:"comments"`
-		Content              string        `json:"content"`
-		AtLeastRechargeCount int           `json:"at_least_recharge_count"`
-		Status               int           `json:"status"`
-	}
-
-	type User struct {
-		Id       int
-		Passport string
-	}
-
-	table := "jfy_gift"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue1380.sql`), ";")
-	for _, v := range array {
-		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
-			gtest.Error(err)
-		}
-	}
-	defer dropTable(table)
-
-	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
-		var (
-			entity = new(GiftEntity)
-			err    = db.Model(table).Where("id", 17).Scan(entity)
-		)
-		t.AssertNil(err)
-		t.Assert(len(entity.Skus), 2)
-
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].Name, "red")
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].Stock, 10)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].GiftId, 1)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].CostPrice, 80)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].ScorePrice, 188)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].MarketPrice, 388)
-
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].Name, "blue")
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].Stock, 100)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].GiftId, 2)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].CostPrice, 81)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].ScorePrice, 200)
-		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].MarketPrice, 288)
-
-		t.Assert(entity.Id, 17)
-		t.Assert(entity.StoreId, 100004)
-		t.Assert(entity.GiftType, 1)
-		t.Assert(entity.GiftName, "GIFT")
-		t.Assert(entity.Description, "支持个性定制的父亲节老师长辈的专属礼物")
-		t.Assert(len(entity.Covers.List), 3)
-		t.Assert(entity.OutSn, "259402")
-		t.Assert(entity.LimitCustomerTags, "[]")
-		t.Assert(entity.ScorePrice, 10)
-		t.Assert(len(entity.Props), 1)
-		t.Assert(len(entity.Comments), 2)
-		t.Assert(entity.Status, 99)
-		t.Assert(entity.Content, `<p>礼品详情</p>`)
-	})
-}

contrib/drivers/mysql/mysql_z_unit_issue_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package mysql_test
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -24,6 +25,121 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/guid"
 )
 
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/1380
+func Test_Issue1380(t *testing.T) {
+	type GiftImage struct {
+		Uid    string `json:"uid"`
+		Url    string `json:"url"`
+		Status string `json:"status"`
+		Name   string `json:"name"`
+	}
+
+	type GiftComment struct {
+		Name     string `json:"name"`
+		Field    string `json:"field"`
+		Required bool   `json:"required"`
+	}
+
+	type Prop struct {
+		Name   string   `json:"name"`
+		Values []string `json:"values"`
+	}
+
+	type Sku struct {
+		GiftId      int64  `json:"gift_id"`
+		Name        string `json:"name"`
+		ScorePrice  int    `json:"score_price"`
+		MarketPrice int    `json:"market_price"`
+		CostPrice   int    `json:"cost_price"`
+		Stock       int    `json:"stock"`
+	}
+
+	type Covers struct {
+		List []GiftImage `json:"list"`
+	}
+
+	type GiftEntity struct {
+		Id                   int64         `json:"id"`
+		StoreId              int64         `json:"store_id"`
+		GiftType             int           `json:"gift_type"`
+		GiftName             string        `json:"gift_name"`
+		Description          string        `json:"description"`
+		Covers               Covers        `json:"covers"`
+		Cover                string        `json:"cover"`
+		GiftCategoryId       []int64       `json:"gift_category_id"`
+		HasProps             bool          `json:"has_props"`
+		OutSn                string        `json:"out_sn"`
+		IsLimitSell          bool          `json:"is_limit_sell"`
+		LimitSellType        int           `json:"limit_sell_type"`
+		LimitSellCycle       string        `json:"limit_sell_cycle"`
+		LimitSellCycleCount  int           `json:"limit_sell_cycle_count"`
+		LimitSellCustom      bool          `json:"limit_sell_custom"`   // 只允许特定会员兑换
+		LimitCustomerTags    []int64       `json:"limit_customer_tags"` // 允许兑换的成员
+		ScorePrice           int           `json:"score_price"`
+		MarketPrice          float64       `json:"market_price"`
+		CostPrice            int           `json:"cost_price"`
+		Stock                int           `json:"stock"`
+		Props                []Prop        `json:"props"`
+		Skus                 []Sku         `json:"skus"`
+		ExpressType          []string      `json:"express_type"`
+		Comments             []GiftComment `json:"comments"`
+		Content              string        `json:"content"`
+		AtLeastRechargeCount int           `json:"at_least_recharge_count"`
+		Status               int           `json:"status"`
+	}
+
+	type User struct {
+		Id       int
+		Passport string
+	}
+
+	table := "jfy_gift"
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `1380.sql`), ";")
+	for _, v := range array {
+		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			gtest.Error(err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer dropTable(table)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		var (
+			entity = new(GiftEntity)
+			err    = db.Model(table).Where("id", 17).Scan(entity)
+		)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(entity.Skus), 2)
+
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].Name, "red")
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].Stock, 10)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].GiftId, 1)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].CostPrice, 80)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].ScorePrice, 188)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[0].MarketPrice, 388)
+
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].Name, "blue")
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].Stock, 100)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].GiftId, 2)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].CostPrice, 81)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].ScorePrice, 200)
+		t.Assert(entity.Skus[1].MarketPrice, 288)
+
+		t.Assert(entity.Id, 17)
+		t.Assert(entity.StoreId, 100004)
+		t.Assert(entity.GiftType, 1)
+		t.Assert(entity.GiftName, "GIFT")
+		t.Assert(entity.Description, "支持个性定制的父亲节老师长辈的专属礼物")
+		t.Assert(len(entity.Covers.List), 3)
+		t.Assert(entity.OutSn, "259402")
+		t.Assert(entity.LimitCustomerTags, "[]")
+		t.Assert(entity.ScorePrice, 10)
+		t.Assert(len(entity.Props), 1)
+		t.Assert(len(entity.Comments), 2)
+		t.Assert(entity.Status, 99)
+		t.Assert(entity.Content, `<p>礼品详情</p>`)
+	})
+}
+
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/1934
 func Test_Issue1934(t *testing.T) {
 	table := createInitTable()
@@ -170,7 +286,7 @@ func Test_Issue1401(t *testing.T) {
 		table1 = "parcels"
 		table2 = "parcel_items"
 	)
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue1401.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `1401.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -212,7 +328,7 @@ func Test_Issue1412(t *testing.T) {
 		table1 = "parcels"
 		table2 = "items"
 	)
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue1412.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `1412.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -474,7 +590,7 @@ func Test_Issue2012(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/2105
 func Test_Issue2105(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue2105"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue2105.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `2105.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -772,7 +888,7 @@ func Test_Issue2561(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/2439
 func Test_Issue2439(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
-		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue2439.sql`), ";")
+		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `2439.sql`), ";")
 		for _, v := range array {
 			if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 				gtest.Error(err)
@@ -868,7 +984,7 @@ func Test_Issue2907(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3086
 func Test_Issue3086(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue3086_user"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue3086.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `3086.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -1013,7 +1129,7 @@ func Test_Issue3204(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3218
 func Test_Issue3218(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue3218_sys_config"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue3218.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `3218.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -1136,7 +1252,7 @@ func Test_Issue2552_ClearTableFields(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/2643
 func Test_Issue2643(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue2643"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue2643.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `2643.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -1221,7 +1337,7 @@ func Test_Issue3649(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3754
 func Test_Issue3754(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue3754"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue3754.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `3754.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -1283,7 +1399,7 @@ func Test_Issue3754(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3626
 func Test_Issue3626(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue3626"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue3626.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `3626.sql`), ";")
 	defer dropTable(table)
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
@@ -1413,7 +1529,7 @@ func Test_Issue3968(t *testing.T) {
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3915
 func Test_Issue3915(t *testing.T) {
 	table := "issue3915"
-	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue3915.sql`), ";")
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `3915.sql`), ";")
 	for _, v := range array {
 		if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, v); err != nil {
 			gtest.Error(err)
@@ -1500,7 +1616,7 @@ func Test_Issue2119(t *testing.T) {
 		defer dropTable(tables[0])
 		defer dropTable(tables[1])
 		_ = tables
-		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue2119.sql`), ";")
+		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `2119.sql`), ";")
 		for _, v := range array {
 			_, err := db.Exec(ctx, v)
 			t.AssertNil(err)
@@ -1561,7 +1677,7 @@ func Test_Issue2119(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_Issue4034(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		table := "issue4034"
-		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issue4034.sql`), ";")
+		array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `4034.sql`), ";")
 		for _, v := range array {
 			_, err := db.Exec(ctx, v)
 			t.AssertNil(err)
@@ -1590,3 +1706,162 @@ func issue4034SaveAppDevice(ctx context.Context, table string, tx gdb.TX) error
 	}).Save()
 	return err
 }
+
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/4086
+func Test_Issue4086(t *testing.T) {
+	table := "issue4086"
+	defer dropTable(table)
+	array := gstr.SplitAndTrim(gtest.DataContent(`issues`, `4086.sql`), ";")
+	for _, v := range array {
+		_, err := db.Exec(ctx, v)
+		gtest.AssertNil(err)
+	}
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64   `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds []int64 `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       []int64 `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{584, 585},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64     `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds []int64   `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       []float32 `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{584, 585},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64    `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds []int64  `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       []string `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{584, 585},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64   `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds []int64 `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       []any   `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{584, 585},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{},
+				Photos:       nil,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64   `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds []int64 `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       string  `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{584, 585},
+				Photos:       "null",
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: []int64{},
+				Photos:       "",
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		type ProxyParam struct {
+			ProxyId      int64           `json:"proxyId" orm:"proxy_id"`
+			RecommendIds string          `json:"recommendIds" orm:"recommend_ids"`
+			Photos       json.RawMessage `json:"photos" orm:"photos"`
+		}
+
+		var proxyParamList []*ProxyParam
+		err := db.Model(table).Ctx(ctx).Scan(&proxyParamList)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(proxyParamList), 2)
+		t.Assert(proxyParamList, []*ProxyParam{
+			{
+				ProxyId:      1,
+				RecommendIds: "[584, 585]",
+				Photos:       json.RawMessage("null"),
+			},
+			{
+				ProxyId:      2,
+				RecommendIds: "[]",
+				Photos:       json.RawMessage("null"),
+			},
+		})
+	})
+}

contrib/drivers/mysql/mysql_z_unit_model_test.go

@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ func Test_Model_Array(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(all.Array("id"), g.Slice{1, 2, 3})
 		t.Assert(all.Array("nickname"), g.Slice{"name_1", "name_2", "name_3"})
 	})
+
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		array, err := db.Model(table).Fields("nickname").Where("id", g.Slice{1, 2, 3}).Array()
 		t.AssertNil(err)
@@ -757,6 +758,7 @@ func Test_Model_Value_WithCache(t *testing.T) {
 		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(value.Int(), 0)
 	})
+
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		result, err := db.Model(table).Data(g.MapStrAny{
 			"id":       1,
@@ -1437,6 +1439,7 @@ func Test_Model_Option_Map(t *testing.T) {
 		t.AssertNE(one["nickname"].String(), "1")
 		t.Assert(one["passport"].String(), "1")
 	})
+
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		table := createTable()
 		defer dropTable(table)

contrib/drivers/mysql/mysql_z_unit_transaction_test.go

@@ -1286,8 +1286,7 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation(t *testing.T) {
 				Propagation: gdb.PropagationNotSupported,
 			}, func(ctx context.Context, tx2 gdb.TX) error {
 				// Should execute without transaction
-				t.Assert(tx2, nil)
-				_, err := db.Insert(ctx, table, g.Map{
+				_, err = db.Insert(ctx, table, g.Map{
 					"id":       9,
 					"passport": "non_tx_record",
 				})
@@ -1346,8 +1345,6 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation(t *testing.T) {
 		err := db.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
 			Propagation: gdb.PropagationNever,
 		}, func(ctx context.Context, tx gdb.TX) error {
-			// Should execute without transaction
-			t.Assert(tx, nil)
 			_, err := db.Insert(ctx, table, g.Map{
 				"id":       11,
 				"passport": "never",
@@ -1369,6 +1366,51 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func Test_Transaction_Propagation_PropagationSupports(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		table := createTable()
+		defer dropTable(table)
+
+		// scenario1: when in a transaction, use PropagationSupports to execute a transaction
+		err := db.Transaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx gdb.TX) error {
+			// insert in outer tx.
+			_, err := tx.Insert(table, g.Map{
+				"id": 1,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			err = tx.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
+				Propagation: gdb.PropagationSupports,
+			}, func(ctx context.Context, tx2 gdb.TX) error {
+				_, err = tx2.Insert(table, g.Map{
+					"id": 2,
+				})
+				return gerror.New("error")
+			})
+			return err
+		})
+		t.AssertNE(err, nil)
+
+		// scenario2: when not in a transaction, do not use transaction but direct db link.
+		err = db.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
+			Propagation: gdb.PropagationSupports,
+		}, func(ctx context.Context, tx gdb.TX) error {
+			_, err = tx.Insert(table, g.Map{
+				"id": 3,
+			})
+			return err
+		})
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		// 查询结果
+		result, err := db.Model(table).OrderAsc("id").All()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(len(result), 1)
+		t.Assert(result[0]["id"], 3)
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_Transaction_Propagation_Complex(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		table1 := createTable()
@@ -1389,7 +1431,7 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation_Complex(t *testing.T) {
 			err = tx1.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
 				Propagation: gdb.PropagationNested,
 			}, func(ctx context.Context, tx2 gdb.TX) error {
-				_, err := tx2.Insert(table1, g.Map{
+				_, err = tx2.Insert(table1, g.Map{
 					"id":       2,
 					"passport": "nested1",
 				})
@@ -1427,10 +1469,7 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation_Complex(t *testing.T) {
 			err = tx1.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
 				Propagation: gdb.PropagationNotSupported,
 			}, func(ctx context.Context, tx2 gdb.TX) error {
-				// Should execute without transaction
-				t.Assert(tx2, nil)
-
-				_, err := db.Insert(ctx, table2, g.Map{
+				_, err = db.Insert(ctx, table2, g.Map{
 					"id":       5,
 					"passport": "not_supported",
 				})
@@ -1489,9 +1528,6 @@ func Test_Transaction_Propagation_Complex(t *testing.T) {
 			err = tx1.TransactionWithOptions(ctx, gdb.TxOptions{
 				Propagation: gdb.PropagationNotSupported,
 			}, func(ctx context.Context, tx2 gdb.TX) error {
-				// Should execute without transaction
-				t.Assert(tx2, nil)
-
 				// Start a new independent transaction
 				return db.Transaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx3 gdb.TX) error {
 					_, err := tx3.Insert(table, g.Map{

contrib/drivers/mysql/testdata/issues/4086.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `issue4086`;
+CREATE TABLE `issue4086` (
+    `proxy_id` bigint NOT NULL,
+    `recommend_ids` json DEFAULT NULL,
+    `photos` json DEFAULT NULL,
+    PRIMARY KEY (`proxy_id`)
+) ENGINE=InnoDB;
+
+INSERT INTO `issue4086` (`proxy_id`, `recommend_ids`, `photos`) VALUES (1, '[584, 585]', 'null');
+INSERT INTO `issue4086` (`proxy_id`, `recommend_ids`, `photos`) VALUES (2, '[]', NULL);

contrib/drivers/oracle/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/oracle/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/sijms/go-ora/v2 v2.7.10
 )
 

contrib/drivers/pgsql/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/pgsql/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9
 )
 

contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_convert.go

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (d *Driver) ConvertValueForLocal(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 
 	// String slice.
 	case "_varchar", "_text":
-		var result pq.StringArray
+		var result = make(pq.StringArray, 0)
 		if err := result.Scan(fieldValue); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}

contrib/drivers/sqlite/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlite/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
 	github.com/glebarez/go-sqlite v1.21.2
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 )
 
 require (

contrib/drivers/sqlitecgo/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/drivers/sqlitecgo/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17
 )
 

contrib/metric/otelmetric/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/metric/otelmetric/v2
 go 1.22
 
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/runtime v0.49.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0

contrib/nosql/redis/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/nosql/redis/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0

contrib/registry/consul/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/consul/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/consul/api v1.26.1
 )
 

contrib/registry/etcd/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/etcd/v2
 go 1.22
 
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v3 v3.5.17
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.59.0
 )

contrib/registry/file/file_z_http_test.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func Test_HTTP_Registry(t *testing.T) {
 
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		client := g.Client()
+		client.SetDiscovery(gsvc.GetRegistry())
 		client.SetPrefix(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", svcName))
 		// GET
 		t.Assert(client.GetContent(ctx, "/http-registry"), svcName)
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ func Test_HTTP_Discovery_Disable(t *testing.T) {
 
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		client := g.Client()
+		client.SetDiscovery(gsvc.GetRegistry())
 		client.SetPrefix(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", svcName))
 		result, err := client.Get(ctx, "/http-registry")
 		defer result.Close()

contrib/registry/file/go.mod

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/file/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
-require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect

contrib/registry/nacos/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/nacos/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2 v2.2.7
 )
 

contrib/registry/polaris/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/polaris/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/polarismesh/polaris-go v1.5.8
 )
 

contrib/registry/zookeeper/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/zookeeper/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
 	github.com/go-zookeeper/zk v1.0.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0
 )
 

contrib/rpc/grpcx/go.mod

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/rpc/grpcx/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/file/v2 v2.8.3
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/registry/file/v2 v2.9.0
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.32.0
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.64.1

contrib/sdk/httpclient/go.mod

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/sdk/httpclient/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
-require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+require github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect

contrib/trace/otlpgrpc/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/trace/otlpgrpc/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.24.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.24.0

contrib/trace/otlphttp/go.mod

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ module github.com/gogf/gf/contrib/trace/otlphttp/v2
 
 go 1.22
 
-toolchain go1.22.0
-
 require (
-	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.8.3
+	github.com/gogf/gf/v2 v2.9.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.32.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.24.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.24.0

database/gdb/gdb.go

@@ -516,8 +516,9 @@ type Core struct {
 	links         *gmap.Map       // links caches all created links by node.
 	logger        glog.ILogger    // Logger for logging functionality.
 	config        *ConfigNode     // Current config node.
+	localTypeMap  *gmap.StrAnyMap // Local type map for database field type conversion.
 	dynamicConfig dynamicConfig   // Dynamic configurations, which can be changed in runtime.
-	innerMemCache *gcache.Cache
+	innerMemCache *gcache.Cache   // Internal memory cache for storing temporary data.
 }
 
 type dynamicConfig struct {
@@ -768,6 +769,8 @@ const (
 	SqlTypeStmtQueryRowContext SqlType = "DB.Statement.QueryRowContext"
 )
 
+// LocalType is a type that defines the local storage type of a field value.
+// It is used to specify how the field value should be processed locally.
 type LocalType string
 
 const (
@@ -925,6 +928,7 @@ func newDBByConfigNode(node *ConfigNode, group string) (db DB, err error) {
 		links:         gmap.New(true),
 		logger:        glog.New(),
 		config:        node,
+		localTypeMap:  gmap.NewStrAnyMap(true),
 		innerMemCache: gcache.New(),
 		dynamicConfig: dynamicConfig{
 			MaxIdleConnCount: node.MaxIdleConnCount,

database/gdb/gdb_converter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gdb
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/errors/gerror"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/json"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
+)
+
+// iVal is used for type assert api for Val().
+type iVal interface {
+	Val() any
+}
+
+var (
+	// converter is the internal type converter for gdb.
+	converter = gconv.NewConverter()
+)
+
+func init() {
+	converter.RegisterAnyConverterFunc(
+		sliceTypeConverterFunc,
+		reflect.TypeOf([]string{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]float32{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]float64{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]int{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]int32{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]int64{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]uint{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]uint32{}),
+		reflect.TypeOf([]uint64{}),
+	)
+}
+
+// GetConverter returns the internal type converter for gdb.
+func GetConverter() gconv.Converter {
+	return converter
+}
+
+func sliceTypeConverterFunc(from any, to reflect.Value) (err error) {
+	v, ok := from.(iVal)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fromVal := v.Val()
+	switch x := fromVal.(type) {
+	case []byte:
+		dst := to.Addr().Interface()
+		err = json.Unmarshal(x, dst)
+	case string:
+		dst := to.Addr().Interface()
+		err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(x), dst)
+	default:
+		fromType := reflect.TypeOf(fromVal)
+		switch fromType.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Slice:
+			convertOption := gconv.ConvertOption{
+				SliceOption:  gconv.SliceOption{ContinueOnError: true},
+				MapOption:    gconv.MapOption{ContinueOnError: true},
+				StructOption: gconv.StructOption{ContinueOnError: true},
+			}
+			dv, err := converter.ConvertWithTypeName(fromVal, to.Type().String(), convertOption)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			to.Set(reflect.ValueOf(dv))
+		default:
+			err = gerror.Newf(
+				`unsupported type converting from type "%T" to type "%T"`,
+				fromVal, to,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}

database/gdb/gdb_core.go

@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ func (c *Core) GetScan(ctx context.Context, pointer interface{}, sql string, arg
 
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		return c.db.GetCore().doGetStruct(ctx, pointer, sql, args...)
+
+	default:
 	}
 	return gerror.NewCodef(
 		gcode.CodeInvalidParameter,
@@ -735,6 +737,7 @@ func (c *Core) HasTable(name string) (bool, error) {
 	return false, nil
 }
 
+// GetInnerMemCache retrieves and returns the inner memory cache object.
 func (c *Core) GetInnerMemCache() *gcache.Cache {
 	return c.innerMemCache
 }

database/gdb/gdb_core_structure.go

@@ -223,7 +223,9 @@ Default:
 }
 
 // CheckLocalTypeForField checks and returns corresponding type for given db type.
-func (c *Core) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fieldValue interface{}) (LocalType, error) {
+// The `fieldType` is retrieved from ColumnTypes of db driver, example:
+// UNSIGNED INT
+func (c *Core) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, _ interface{}) (LocalType, error) {
 	var (
 		typeName    string
 		typePattern string
@@ -233,7 +235,12 @@ func (c *Core) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 		typeName = gstr.Trim(match[1])
 		typePattern = gstr.Trim(match[2])
 	} else {
-		typeName = gstr.Split(fieldType, " ")[0]
+		var array = gstr.SplitAndTrim(fieldType, " ")
+		if len(array) > 1 && gstr.Equal(array[0], "unsigned") {
+			typeName = array[1]
+		} else if len(array) > 0 {
+			typeName = array[0]
+		}
 	}
 
 	typeName = strings.ToLower(typeName)
@@ -291,11 +298,6 @@ func (c *Core) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 		if typePattern == "1" {
 			return LocalTypeBool, nil
 		}
-		s := gconv.String(fieldValue)
-		// mssql is true|false string.
-		if strings.EqualFold(s, "true") || strings.EqualFold(s, "false") {
-			return LocalTypeBool, nil
-		}
 		if gstr.ContainsI(fieldType, "unsigned") {
 			return LocalTypeUint64Bytes, nil
 		}

database/gdb/gdb_core_transaction.go

@@ -19,9 +19,15 @@ import (
 type Propagation string
 
 const (
+	// PropagationNested starts a nested transaction if already in a transaction,
+	// or behaves like PropagationRequired if not in a transaction.
+	//
+	// It is the default behavior.
+	PropagationNested Propagation = "NESTED"
+
 	// PropagationRequired starts a new transaction if not in a transaction,
 	// or uses the existing transaction if already in a transaction.
-	PropagationRequired Propagation = "" // REQUIRED
+	PropagationRequired Propagation = "REQUIRED"
 
 	// PropagationSupports executes within the existing transaction if present,
 	// otherwise executes without transaction.
@@ -30,10 +36,6 @@ const (
 	// PropagationRequiresNew starts a new transaction, and suspends the current transaction if one exists.
 	PropagationRequiresNew Propagation = "REQUIRES_NEW"
 
-	// PropagationNested starts a nested transaction if already in a transaction,
-	// or behaves like PropagationRequired if not in a transaction.
-	PropagationNested Propagation = "NESTED"
-
 	// PropagationNotSupported executes non-transactional, suspends any existing transaction.
 	PropagationNotSupported Propagation = "NOT_SUPPORTED"
 
@@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ var transactionIdGenerator = gtype.NewUint64()
 // DefaultTxOptions returns the default transaction options.
 func DefaultTxOptions() TxOptions {
 	return TxOptions{
-		Propagation: PropagationRequired,
+		// Note the default propagation type is PropagationNested not PropagationRequired.
+		Propagation: PropagationNested,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -138,11 +141,14 @@ func (c *Core) TransactionWithOptions(
 	switch opts.Propagation {
 	case PropagationRequired:
 		if currentTx != nil {
-			return currentTx.Transaction(ctx, f)
+			return f(ctx, currentTx)
 		}
 		return c.createNewTransaction(ctx, opts, f)
 
 	case PropagationSupports:
+		if currentTx == nil {
+			currentTx = c.newEmptyTX()
+		}
 		return f(ctx, currentTx)
 
 	case PropagationMandatory:
@@ -160,7 +166,7 @@ func (c *Core) TransactionWithOptions(
 
 	case PropagationNotSupported:
 		ctx = WithoutTX(ctx, group)
-		return f(ctx, nil)
+		return f(ctx, c.newEmptyTX())
 
 	case PropagationNever:
 		if currentTx != nil {
@@ -169,22 +175,12 @@ func (c *Core) TransactionWithOptions(
 				"transaction propagation NEVER cannot run within an existing transaction",
 			)
 		}
-		return f(ctx, nil)
+		ctx = WithoutTX(ctx, group)
+		return f(ctx, c.newEmptyTX())
 
 	case PropagationNested:
 		if currentTx != nil {
-			// Create savepoint for nested transaction
-			if err = currentTx.Begin(); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				if err != nil {
-					if rbErr := currentTx.Rollback(); rbErr != nil {
-						err = gerror.Wrap(err, rbErr.Error())
-					}
-				}
-			}()
-			return f(ctx, currentTx)
+			return currentTx.Transaction(ctx, f)
 		}
 		return c.createNewTransaction(ctx, opts, f)
 
@@ -280,6 +276,10 @@ func TXFromCtx(ctx context.Context, group string) TX {
 		if tx.IsClosed() {
 			return nil
 		}
+		// no underlying sql tx.
+		if tx.GetSqlTX() == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
 		tx = tx.Ctx(ctx)
 		return tx
 	}

database/gdb/gdb_core_txcore.go

@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ type TXCore struct {
 	cancelFunc context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+func (c *Core) newEmptyTX() TX {
+	return &TXCore{
+		db: c.db,
+	}
+}
+
 // transactionKeyForNestedPoint forms and returns the transaction key at current save point.
 func (tx *TXCore) transactionKeyForNestedPoint() string {
 	return tx.db.GetCore().QuoteWord(
@@ -427,5 +433,5 @@ func (tx *TXCore) IsOnMaster() bool {
 
 // IsTransaction implements interface function Link.IsTransaction.
 func (tx *TXCore) IsTransaction() bool {
-	return true
+	return tx != nil
 }

database/gdb/gdb_core_underlying.go

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (c *Core) DoExec(ctx context.Context, link Link, sql string, args ...interf
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else if !link.IsTransaction() {
-		// If current link is not transaction link, it checks and retrieves transaction from context.
+		// If current link is not transaction link, it tries retrieving transaction object from context.
 		if tx := TXFromCtx(ctx, c.db.GetGroup()); tx != nil {
 			link = &txLink{tx.GetSqlTX()}
 		}
@@ -478,8 +478,11 @@ func (c *Core) RowsToResult(ctx context.Context, rows *sql.Rows) (Result, error)
 				// which will cause struct converting issue.
 				record[columnTypes[i].Name()] = nil
 			} else {
-				var convertedValue interface{}
-				if convertedValue, err = c.columnValueToLocalValue(ctx, value, columnTypes[i]); err != nil {
+				var (
+					convertedValue interface{}
+					columnType     = columnTypes[i]
+				)
+				if convertedValue, err = c.columnValueToLocalValue(ctx, value, columnType); err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 				record[columnTypes[i].Name()] = gvar.New(convertedValue)
@@ -498,7 +501,9 @@ func (c *Core) OrderRandomFunction() string {
 	return "RAND()"
 }
 
-func (c *Core) columnValueToLocalValue(ctx context.Context, value interface{}, columnType *sql.ColumnType) (interface{}, error) {
+func (c *Core) columnValueToLocalValue(
+	ctx context.Context, value interface{}, columnType *sql.ColumnType,
+) (interface{}, error) {
 	var scanType = columnType.ScanType()
 	if scanType != nil {
 		// Common basic builtin types.

database/gdb/gdb_model_utility.go

@@ -247,7 +247,9 @@ func (m *Model) doMappingAndFilterForInsertOrUpdateDataMap(data Map, allowOmitEm
 // The parameter `master` specifies whether using the master node if master-slave configured.
 func (m *Model) getLink(master bool) Link {
 	if m.tx != nil {
-		return &txLink{m.tx.GetSqlTX()}
+		if sqlTx := m.tx.GetSqlTX(); sqlTx != nil {
+			return &txLink{sqlTx}
+		}
 	}
 	linkType := m.linkType
 	if linkType == 0 {

database/gdb/gdb_type_record.go

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ func (r Record) Struct(pointer interface{}) error {
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
-	return gconv.StructTag(r, pointer, OrmTagForStruct)
+	return converter.Struct(r, pointer, gconv.StructOption{
+		PriorityTag:     OrmTagForStruct,
+		ContinueOnError: true,
+	})
 }
 
 // IsEmpty checks and returns whether `r` is empty.

database/gdb/gdb_type_result.go

@@ -200,5 +200,15 @@ func (r Result) Structs(pointer interface{}) (err error) {
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
-	return gconv.StructsTag(r, pointer, OrmTagForStruct)
+	var (
+		sliceOption  = gconv.SliceOption{ContinueOnError: true}
+		structOption = gconv.StructOption{
+			PriorityTag:     OrmTagForStruct,
+			ContinueOnError: true,
+		}
+	)
+	return converter.Structs(r, pointer, gconv.StructsOption{
+		SliceOption:  sliceOption,
+		StructOption: structOption,
+	})
 }

database/gdb/gdb_z_mysql_internal_test.go

@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
 )
 
+func Test_GetConverter(t *testing.T) {
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		c := GetConverter()
+		s, err := c.String(1)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.AssertEQ(s, "1")
+	})
+}
+
 func Test_HookSelect_Regex(t *testing.T) {
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		var (

net/gclient/gclient.go

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func New() *Client {
 		header:    make(map[string]string),
 		cookies:   make(map[string]string),
 		builder:   gsel.GetBuilder(),
-		discovery: gsvc.GetRegistry(),
+		discovery: nil,
 	}
 	c.header[httpHeaderUserAgent] = defaultClientAgent
 	// It enables OpenTelemetry for client in default.

net/gclient/gclient_discovery.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/intlog"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/net/gsel"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/net/gsvc"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gstr"
 )
 
 type discoveryNode struct {
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ var clientSelectorMap = gmap.New(true)
 
 // internalMiddlewareDiscovery is a client middleware that enables service discovery feature for client.
 func internalMiddlewareDiscovery(c *Client, r *http.Request) (response *Response, err error) {
-	if c.discovery == nil && !isServiceName(r.URL.Host) {
+	if c.discovery == nil {
 		return c.Next(r)
 	}
 	var (
@@ -107,11 +106,3 @@ func updateSelectorNodesByService(ctx context.Context, selector gsel.Selector, s
 	}
 	return selector.Update(ctx, nodes)
 }
-
-// isServiceName checks and returns whether given input parameter is service name or not.
-// It checks by whether the parameter is address by containing port delimiter character ':'.
-//
-// It does not contain any port number if using service discovery.
-func isServiceName(serviceNameOrAddress string) bool {
-	return !gstr.Contains(serviceNameOrAddress, gsvc.EndpointHostPortDelimiter)
-}

net/ghttp/ghttp.go

@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ type (
 		Handler          *HandlerItem // The handler.
 		Server           string       // Server name.
 		Address          string       // Listening address.
-		Domain           string       // Bound domain.
+		Domain           string       // Bound domain, eg: example.com
 		Type             HandlerType  // Route handler type.
 		Middleware       string       // Bound middleware.
-		Method           string       // Handler method name.
-		Route            string       // Route URI.
+		Method           string       // Handler method name, eg: get, post.
+		Route            string       // Route URI, eg: /api/v1/user/{id}.
 		Priority         int          // Just for reference.
 		IsServiceHandler bool         // Is a service handler.
 	}

net/ghttp/ghttp_request.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ type Request struct {
 	// =================================================================================================================
 
 	handlers        []*HandlerItemParsed   // All matched handlers containing handler, hook and middleware for this request.
-	serveHandler    *HandlerItemParsed     // Real handler serving for this request, not hook or middleware.
+	serveHandler    *HandlerItemParsed     // Real business handler serving for this request, not hook or middleware handler.
 	handlerResponse interface{}            // Handler response object for Request/Response handler.
 	hasHookHandler  bool                   // A bool marking whether there's hook handler in the handlers for performance purpose.
 	hasServeHandler bool                   // A bool marking whether there's serving handler in the handlers for performance purpose.
@@ -278,13 +278,3 @@ func (r *Request) ReloadParam() {
 	r.parsedQuery = false
 	r.bodyContent = nil
 }
-
-// GetHandlerResponse retrieves and returns the handler response object and its error.
-func (r *Request) GetHandlerResponse() interface{} {
-	return r.handlerResponse
-}
-
-// GetServeHandler retrieves and returns the user defined handler used to serve this request.
-func (r *Request) GetServeHandler() *HandlerItemParsed {
-	return r.serveHandler
-}

net/ghttp/ghttp_request_param.go

@@ -107,7 +107,6 @@ func (r *Request) doParse(pointer interface{}, requestType int) error {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
-		// TODO: https://github.com/gogf/gf/pull/2450
 		// Validation.
 		if err = gvalid.New().
 			Bail().

net/ghttp/ghttp_request_param_handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package ghttp
+
+// GetHandlerResponse retrieves and returns the handler response object and its error.
+func (r *Request) GetHandlerResponse() interface{} {
+	return r.handlerResponse
+}
+
+// GetServeHandler retrieves and returns the user defined handler used to serve this request.
+func (r *Request) GetServeHandler() *HandlerItemParsed {
+	return r.serveHandler
+}

net/ghttp/ghttp_request_param_request.go

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ package ghttp
 
 import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/container/gvar"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/empty"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/net/goai"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gstructs"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv"
@@ -178,15 +177,17 @@ func (r *Request) doGetRequestStruct(pointer interface{}, mapping ...map[string]
 	if data == nil {
 		data = map[string]interface{}{}
 	}
-	// Default struct values.
-	if err = r.mergeDefaultStructValue(data, pointer); err != nil {
-		return data, nil
-	}
+
 	// `in` Tag Struct values.
 	if err = r.mergeInTagStructValue(data); err != nil {
 		return data, nil
 	}
 
+	// Default struct values.
+	if err = r.mergeDefaultStructValue(data, pointer); err != nil {
+		return data, nil
+	}
+
 	return data, gconv.Struct(data, pointer, mapping...)
 }
 
@@ -194,20 +195,9 @@ func (r *Request) doGetRequestStruct(pointer interface{}, mapping ...map[string]
 func (r *Request) mergeDefaultStructValue(data map[string]interface{}, pointer interface{}) error {
 	fields := r.serveHandler.Handler.Info.ReqStructFields
 	if len(fields) > 0 {
-		var (
-			foundKey   string
-			foundValue interface{}
-		)
 		for _, field := range fields {
 			if tagValue := field.TagDefault(); tagValue != "" {
-				foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(data, field.Name())
-				if foundKey == "" {
-					data[field.Name()] = tagValue
-				} else {
-					if empty.IsEmpty(foundValue) {
-						data[foundKey] = tagValue
-					}
-				}
+				mergeTagValueWithFoundKey(data, false, field.Name(), field.Name(), tagValue)
 			}
 		}
 		return nil
@@ -219,19 +209,8 @@ func (r *Request) mergeDefaultStructValue(data map[string]interface{}, pointer i
 		return err
 	}
 	if len(tagFields) > 0 {
-		var (
-			foundKey   string
-			foundValue interface{}
-		)
 		for _, field := range tagFields {
-			foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(data, field.Name())
-			if foundKey == "" {
-				data[field.Name()] = field.TagValue
-			} else {
-				if empty.IsEmpty(foundValue) {
-					data[foundKey] = field.TagValue
-				}
-			}
+			mergeTagValueWithFoundKey(data, false, field.Name(), field.Name(), field.TagValue)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -261,34 +240,29 @@ func (r *Request) mergeInTagStructValue(data map[string]interface{}) error {
 
 		for _, field := range fields {
 			if tagValue := field.TagIn(); tagValue != "" {
+				findKey := field.TagPriorityName()
 				switch tagValue {
 				case goai.ParameterInHeader:
-					foundHeaderKey, foundHeaderValue := gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(headerMap, field.TagPriorityName())
-					if foundHeaderKey != "" {
-						foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(data, foundHeaderKey)
-						if foundKey == "" {
-							data[field.Name()] = foundHeaderValue
-						} else {
-							if empty.IsEmpty(foundValue) {
-								data[foundKey] = foundHeaderValue
-							}
-						}
-					}
+					foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(headerMap, findKey)
 				case goai.ParameterInCookie:
-					foundCookieKey, foundCookieValue := gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(cookieMap, field.TagPriorityName())
-					if foundCookieKey != "" {
-						foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(data, foundCookieKey)
-						if foundKey == "" {
-							data[field.Name()] = foundCookieValue
-						} else {
-							if empty.IsEmpty(foundValue) {
-								data[foundKey] = foundCookieValue
-							}
-						}
-					}
+					foundKey, foundValue = gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(cookieMap, findKey)
+				}
+				if foundKey != "" {
+					mergeTagValueWithFoundKey(data, true, foundKey, field.Name(), foundValue)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// mergeTagValueWithFoundKey merges the request parameters when the key does not exist in the map or overwritten is true or the value is nil.
+func mergeTagValueWithFoundKey(data map[string]interface{}, overwritten bool, findKey string, fieldName string, tagValue interface{}) {
+	if foundKey, foundValue := gutil.MapPossibleItemByKey(data, findKey); foundKey == "" {
+		data[fieldName] = tagValue
+	} else {
+		if overwritten || foundValue == nil {
+			data[foundKey] = tagValue
+		}
+	}
+}

net/ghttp/ghttp_server_router_serve.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/intlog"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/json"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/text/gregex"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gmeta"
 )
 
 // handlerCacheItem is an item just for internal router searching cache.
@@ -252,40 +253,71 @@ func (s *Server) searchHandlers(method, path, domain string) (parsedItems []*Han
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (item HandlerItem) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	switch item.Type {
+func (h *HandlerItem) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	switch h.Type {
 	case HandlerTypeHook:
 		return json.Marshal(
 			fmt.Sprintf(
 				`%s %s:%s (%s)`,
-				item.Router.Uri,
-				item.Router.Domain,
-				item.Router.Method,
-				item.HookName,
+				h.Router.Uri,
+				h.Router.Domain,
+				h.Router.Method,
+				h.HookName,
 			),
 		)
 	case HandlerTypeMiddleware:
 		return json.Marshal(
 			fmt.Sprintf(
 				`%s %s:%s (MIDDLEWARE)`,
-				item.Router.Uri,
-				item.Router.Domain,
-				item.Router.Method,
+				h.Router.Uri,
+				h.Router.Domain,
+				h.Router.Method,
 			),
 		)
 	default:
 		return json.Marshal(
 			fmt.Sprintf(
 				`%s %s:%s`,
-				item.Router.Uri,
-				item.Router.Domain,
-				item.Router.Method,
+				h.Router.Uri,
+				h.Router.Domain,
+				h.Router.Method,
 			),
 		)
 	}
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON implements the interface MarshalJSON for json.Marshal.
-func (item HandlerItemParsed) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(item.Handler)
+func (h *HandlerItemParsed) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(h.Handler)
+}
+
+// GetMetaTag retrieves and returns the metadata value associated with the given key from the request struct.
+// The meta value is from struct tags from g.Meta/gmeta.Meta type.
+func (h *HandlerItem) GetMetaTag(key string) string {
+	if h == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	metaValue := gmeta.Get(h.Info.Type.In(1), key)
+	if metaValue != nil {
+		return metaValue.String()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GetMetaTag retrieves and returns the metadata value associated with the given key from the request struct.
+// The meta value is from struct tags from g.Meta/gmeta.Meta type.
+// For example:
+//
+//	type GetMetaTagReq struct {
+//	    g.Meta `path:"/test" method:"post" summary:"meta_tag" tags:"meta"`
+//	    // ...
+//	}
+//
+// r.GetServeHandler().GetMetaTag("summary") // returns "meta_tag"
+// r.GetServeHandler().GetMetaTag("method")  // returns "post"
+func (h *HandlerItemParsed) GetMetaTag(key string) string {
+	if h == nil || h.Handler == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return h.Handler.GetMetaTag(key)
 }

net/ghttp/ghttp_z_unit_feature_config_test.go

@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ func Test_ConfigFromMap(t *testing.T) {
 			"readTimeout":     "60s",
 			"indexFiles":      g.Slice{"index.php", "main.php"},
 			"errorLogEnabled": true,
-			"cookieMaxAge":    "1y",
+			"cookieMaxAge":    "1d",
 			"cookieSameSite":  "lax",
 			"cookieSecure":    true,
 			"cookieHttpOnly":  true,
 		}
 		config, err := ghttp.ConfigFromMap(m)
 		t.AssertNil(err)
-		d1, _ := time.ParseDuration(gconv.String(m["readTimeout"]))
-		d2, _ := time.ParseDuration(gconv.String(m["cookieMaxAge"]))
+		d1, _ := gtime.ParseDuration(gconv.String(m["readTimeout"]))
+		d2, _ := gtime.ParseDuration(gconv.String(m["cookieMaxAge"]))
 		t.Assert(config.Address, m["address"])
 		t.Assert(config.ReadTimeout, d1)
 		t.Assert(config.CookieMaxAge, d2)

net/ghttp/ghttp_z_unit_feature_request_param_test.go

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright GoFrame Author(https://goframe.org). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
 package ghttp_test
 
 import (
@@ -13,34 +19,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/guid"
 )
 
-type UserReq struct {
+// UserTagInReq struct tag "in" supports: header, cookie
+type UserTagInReq struct {
 	g.Meta `path:"/user" tags:"User" method:"post" summary:"user api" title:"api title"`
 	Id     int    `v:"required" d:"1"`
 	Name   string `v:"required" in:"cookie"`
 	Age    string `v:"required" in:"header"`
-	// header,query,cookie,form
 }
 
-type UserRes struct {
+type UserTagInRes struct {
 	g.Meta `mime:"text/html" example:"string"`
 }
 
 var (
-	User = cUser{}
+	UserTagIn = cUserTagIn{}
 )
 
-type cUser struct{}
+type cUserTagIn struct{}
 
-func (c *cUser) User(ctx context.Context, req *UserReq) (res *UserRes, err error) {
+func (c *cUserTagIn) User(ctx context.Context, req *UserTagInReq) (res *UserTagInRes, err error) {
 	g.RequestFromCtx(ctx).Response.WriteJson(req)
 	return
 }
 
-func Test_Params_Tag(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_ParamsTagIn(t *testing.T) {
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
 		group.Middleware(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
-		group.Bind(User)
+		group.Bind(UserTagIn)
 	})
 	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
 	s.Start()
@@ -56,17 +62,101 @@ func Test_Params_Tag(t *testing.T) {
 		client.SetHeader("age", "18")
 
 		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/user"), `{"Id":1,"Name":"john","Age":"18"}`)
-		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/user", "name=&age=&id="), `{"Id":1,"Name":"john","Age":"18"}`)
+		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/user", "name=&age="), `{"Id":1,"Name":"john","Age":"18"}`)
 	})
 }
 
-func Benchmark_ParamTag(b *testing.B) {
+type UserTagDefaultReq struct {
+	g.Meta   `path:"/user-default" method:"post,get" summary:"user default tag api"`
+	Id       int     `v:"required" d:"1"`
+	Name     string  `d:"john"`
+	Age      int     `d:"18"`
+	Score    float64 `d:"99.9"`
+	IsVip    bool    `d:"true"`
+	NickName string  `p:"nickname" d:"nickname-default"`
+	EmptyStr string  `d:""`
+	Email    string
+	Address  string
+}
+
+type UserTagDefaultRes struct {
+	g.Meta `mime:"application/json" example:"string"`
+}
+
+var (
+	UserTagDefault = cUserTagDefault{}
+)
+
+type cUserTagDefault struct{}
+
+func (c *cUserTagDefault) User(ctx context.Context, req *UserTagDefaultReq) (res *UserTagDefaultRes, err error) {
+	g.RequestFromCtx(ctx).Response.WriteJson(req)
+	return
+}
+
+func Test_ParamsTagDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	s := g.Server(guid.S())
+	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
+		group.Middleware(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
+		group.Bind(UserTagDefault)
+	})
+	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Shutdown()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		prefix := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d", s.GetListenedPort())
+		client := g.Client()
+		client.SetPrefix(prefix)
+
+		// Test with no parameters, should use all default values
+		resp := client.GetContent(ctx, "/user-default")
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":1,"Name":"john","Age":18,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test with partial parameters (query method), should use partial default values
+		resp = client.GetContent(ctx, "/user-default?id=100&name=smith")
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":100,"Name":"smith","Age":18,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test with partial parameters (query method), should use partial default values
+		resp = client.GetContent(ctx, "/user-default?id=100&name=smith&age")
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":100,"Name":"smith","Age":18,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test providing partial parameters via POST form
+		resp = client.PostContent(ctx, "/user-default", "id=200&age=30&nickname=jack")
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":200,"Name":"john","Age":30,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"jack","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test providing partial parameters via POST JSON
+		resp = client.ContentJson().PostContent(ctx, "/user-default", g.Map{
+			"id":      300,
+			"name":    "bob",
+			"score":   88.8,
+			"address": "beijing",
+		})
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":300,"Name":"bob","Age":18,"Score":88.8,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":"beijing"}`)
+
+		// Test providing JSON content via GET request
+		resp = client.ContentJson().PostContent(ctx, "/user-default", `{"id":500,"isVip":false}`)
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":500,"Name":"john","Age":18,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":false,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test providing empty values, should use default values
+		resp = client.PostContent(ctx, "/user-default", "id=400&name=&age=")
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":400,"Name":"","Age":0,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":true,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+
+		// Test providing JSON content via GET request
+		resp = client.ContentJson().GetContent(ctx, "/user-default", `{"id":500,"isVip":false}`)
+		t.Assert(resp, `{"Id":500,"Name":"john","Age":18,"Score":99.9,"IsVip":false,"NickName":"nickname-default","EmptyStr":"","Email":"","Address":""}`)
+	})
+}
+
+func Benchmark_ParamTagIn(b *testing.B) {
 	b.StopTimer()
 
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
 		group.Middleware(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
-		group.Bind(User)
+		group.Bind(UserTagIn)
 	})
 	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
 	s.SetAccessLogEnabled(false)

net/ghttp/ghttp_z_unit_feature_request_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ package ghttp_test
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
@@ -861,3 +862,44 @@ func Test_Params_GetRequestMapStrVar(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(client.GetContent(ctx, "/GetRequestMapStrVar", "id=1"), 1)
 	})
 }
+
+type GetMetaTagReq struct {
+	g.Meta `path:"/test" method:"post" summary:"meta_tag" tags:"meta"`
+	Name   string
+}
+type GetMetaTagRes struct{}
+
+type GetMetaTagSt struct{}
+
+func (r GetMetaTagSt) PostTest(ctx context.Context, req *GetMetaTagReq) (*GetMetaTagRes, error) {
+	return &GetMetaTagRes{}, nil
+}
+
+func TestRequest_GetServeHandler_GetMetaTag(t *testing.T) {
+	s := g.Server(guid.S())
+	s.Use(func(r *ghttp.Request) {
+		r.Response.Writef(
+			"summary:%s,method:%s",
+			r.GetServeHandler().GetMetaTag("summary"),
+			r.GetServeHandler().GetMetaTag("method"),
+		)
+	})
+	s.Group("/", func(grp *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
+		grp.Bind(GetMetaTagSt{})
+	})
+	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Shutdown()
+	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Shutdown()
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		client := g.Client()
+		client.SetPrefix(fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d", s.GetListenedPort()))
+		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/test", "name=john"), "summary:meta_tag,method:post")
+	})
+}

net/ghttp/ghttp_z_unit_feature_router_standard_test.go

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/guid"
 )
 
-func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_WithObject(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Router_Handler_Standard_WithObject(t *testing.T) {
 	type TestReq struct {
 		Age  int
 		Name string
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func (ControllerForHandlerWithObjectAndMeta2) Test4(ctx context.Context, req *Te
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_WithObjectAndMeta(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Router_Handler_Standard_WithObjectAndMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Use(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
 	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_WithObjectAndMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_Group_Bind(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Router_Handler_Standard_Group_Bind(t *testing.T) {
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Use(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
 	s.Group("/api/v1", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ func Test_Custom_Slice_Type_Attribute(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_WithGeneric(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Router_Handler_Standard_WithGeneric(t *testing.T) {
 	type TestReq struct {
 		Age int
 	}
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ func (c *ParameterCaseSensitiveController) Path(
 	return &ParameterCaseSensitiveControllerPathRes{Path: req.Path}, nil
 }
 
-func Test_Router_Handler_Strict_ParameterCaseSensitive(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Router_Handler_Standard_ParameterCaseSensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Use(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
 	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
@@ -505,7 +505,6 @@ func (t *testNullStringIssue3465) Test(ctx context.Context, req *testNullStringI
 
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/3465
 func Test_NullString_Issue3465(t *testing.T) {
-
 	s := g.Server(guid.S())
 	s.Use(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
 	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
@@ -535,3 +534,40 @@ func Test_NullString_Issue3465(t *testing.T) {
 
 	})
 }
+
+type testHandlerItemGetMetaTagReq struct {
+	g.Meta `path:"/test" method:"get" sm:"hello" tags:"示例"`
+}
+type testHandlerItemGetMetaTagRes struct{}
+
+type testHandlerItemGetMetaTag struct {
+}
+
+func (t *testHandlerItemGetMetaTag) Test(ctx context.Context, req *testHandlerItemGetMetaTagReq) (res *testHandlerItemGetMetaTagRes, err error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func TestHandlerItem_GetMetaTag(t *testing.T) {
+	s := g.Server(guid.S())
+	s.Use(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
+	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
+		group.Bind(new(testHandlerItemGetMetaTag))
+	})
+	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Shutdown()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		routes := s.GetRoutes()
+		for _, route := range routes {
+			if !route.IsServiceHandler {
+				continue
+			}
+			t.Assert(route.Handler.GetMetaTag("path"), "/test")
+			t.Assert(route.Handler.GetMetaTag("method"), "get")
+			t.Assert(route.Handler.GetMetaTag("sm"), "hello")
+			t.Assert(route.Handler.GetMetaTag("tags"), "示例")
+		}
+	})
+}

net/ghttp/ghttp_z_unit_issue_test.go

@@ -678,3 +678,51 @@ func Test_Issue4047(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(s.Logger(), nil)
 	})
 }
+
+// Issue4093Req
+type Issue4093Req struct {
+	g.Meta     `path:"/test" method:"post"`
+	Page       int    `json:"page" example:"10" d:"1" v:"min:1#页码最小值不能低于1"  dc:"当前页码"`
+	PerPage    int    `json:"pageSize" example:"1" d:"10" v:"min:1|max:200#每页数量最小值不能低于1|最大值不能大于200" dc:"每页数量"`
+	Pagination bool   `json:"pagination" d:"true" dc:"是否需要进行分页"`
+	Name       string `json:"name" d:"john"`
+	Number     int    `json:"number" d:"1"`
+}
+
+type Issue4093Res struct {
+	g.Meta `mime:"text/html" example:"string"`
+}
+
+var (
+	Issue4093 = cIssue4093{}
+)
+
+type cIssue4093 struct{}
+
+func (c *cIssue4093) User(ctx context.Context, req *Issue4093Req) (res *Issue4093Res, err error) {
+	g.RequestFromCtx(ctx).Response.WriteJson(req)
+	return
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/4093
+func Test_Issue4093(t *testing.T) {
+	s := g.Server(guid.S())
+	s.Group("/", func(group *ghttp.RouterGroup) {
+		group.Middleware(ghttp.MiddlewareHandlerResponse)
+		group.Bind(Issue4093)
+	})
+	s.SetDumpRouterMap(false)
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Shutdown()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		prefix := fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d", s.GetListenedPort())
+		client := g.Client().ContentJson()
+		client.SetPrefix(prefix)
+
+		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/test", `{"pagination":false,"name":"","number":0}`), `{"page":1,"pageSize":10,"pagination":false,"name":"","number":0}`)
+		t.Assert(client.PostContent(ctx, "/test"), `{"page":1,"pageSize":10,"pagination":true,"name":"john","number":1}`)
+	})
+}

os/gstructs/gstructs.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type Field struct {
 type FieldsInput struct {
 	// Pointer should be type of struct/*struct.
 	// TODO this attribute name is not suitable, which would make confuse.
-	Pointer interface{}
+	Pointer any
 
 	// RecursiveOption specifies the way retrieving the fields recursively if the attribute
 	// is an embedded struct. It is RecursiveOptionNone in default.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type FieldsInput struct {
 type FieldMapInput struct {
 	// Pointer should be type of struct/*struct.
 	// TODO this attribute name is not suitable, which would make confuse.
-	Pointer interface{}
+	Pointer any
 
 	// PriorityTagArray specifies the priority tag array for retrieving from high to low.
 	// If it's given `nil`, it returns map[name]Field, of which the `name` is attribute name.
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ func Fields(in FieldsInput) ([]Field, error) {
 						}
 					}
 					continue
+				default:
 				}
 			}
 			continue
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ func FieldMap(in FieldMapInput) (map[string]Field, error) {
 							mapField[k] = tempV
 						}
 					}
+				default:
 				}
 			} else {
 				mapField[field.Name()] = tempField
@@ -205,7 +207,19 @@ func FieldMap(in FieldMapInput) (map[string]Field, error) {
 
 // StructType retrieves and returns the struct Type of specified struct/*struct.
 // The parameter `object` should be either type of struct/*struct/[]struct/[]*struct.
-func StructType(object interface{}) (*Type, error) {
+func StructType(object any) (*Type, error) {
+	// if already reflect.Type
+	if reflectType, ok := object.(reflect.Type); ok {
+		for reflectType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+			reflectType = reflectType.Elem()
+		}
+		if reflectType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+			return &Type{
+				Type: reflectType,
+			}, nil
+		}
+	}
+
 	var (
 		reflectValue reflect.Value
 		reflectKind  reflect.Kind

util/gconv/gconv.go

@@ -10,36 +10,161 @@
 package gconv
 
 import (
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
+	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv/internal/converter"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv/internal/localinterface"
 	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv/internal/structcache"
 )
 
-var (
-	// Empty strings.
-	emptyStringMap = map[string]struct{}{
-		"":      {},
-		"0":     {},
-		"no":    {},
-		"off":   {},
-		"false": {},
-	}
+// Converter is the manager for type converting.
+type Converter interface {
+	ConverterForConvert
+	ConverterForRegister
+	ConverterForInt
+	ConverterForUint
+	ConverterForTime
+	ConverterForFloat
+	ConverterForMap
+	ConverterForSlice
+	ConverterForStruct
+	ConverterForBasic
+}
+
+// ConverterForBasic is the basic converting interface.
+type ConverterForBasic interface {
+	Scan(srcValue, dstPointer any, option ...ScanOption) (err error)
+	String(any any) (string, error)
+	Bool(any any) (bool, error)
+	Rune(any any) (rune, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForTime is the converting interface for time.
+type ConverterForTime interface {
+	Time(v any, format ...string) (time.Time, error)
+	Duration(v any) (time.Duration, error)
+	GTime(v any, format ...string) (*gtime.Time, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForInt is the converting interface for integer.
+type ConverterForInt interface {
+	Int(v any) (int, error)
+	Int8(v any) (int8, error)
+	Int16(v any) (int16, error)
+	Int32(v any) (int32, error)
+	Int64(v any) (int64, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForUint is the converting interface for unsigned integer.
+type ConverterForUint interface {
+	Uint(v any) (uint, error)
+	Uint8(v any) (uint8, error)
+	Uint16(v any) (uint16, error)
+	Uint32(v any) (uint32, error)
+	Uint64(v any) (uint64, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForFloat is the converting interface for float.
+type ConverterForFloat interface {
+	Float32(v any) (float32, error)
+	Float64(v any) (float64, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForMap is the converting interface for map.
+type ConverterForMap interface {
+	Map(v any, option ...MapOption) (map[string]any, error)
+	MapStrStr(v any, option ...MapOption) (map[string]string, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForSlice is the converting interface for slice.
+type ConverterForSlice interface {
+	Bytes(v any) ([]byte, error)
+	Runes(v any) ([]rune, error)
+	SliceAny(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]any, error)
+	SliceFloat32(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]float32, error)
+	SliceFloat64(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]float64, error)
+	SliceInt(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]int, error)
+	SliceInt32(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]int32, error)
+	SliceInt64(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]int64, error)
+	SliceUint(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]uint, error)
+	SliceUint32(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]uint32, error)
+	SliceUint64(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]uint64, error)
+	SliceStr(v any, option ...SliceOption) ([]string, error)
+	SliceMap(v any, option ...SliceMapOption) ([]map[string]any, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForStruct is the converting interface for struct.
+type ConverterForStruct interface {
+	Struct(params, pointer any, option ...StructOption) (err error)
+	Structs(params, pointer any, option ...StructsOption) (err error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForConvert is the converting interface for custom converting.
+type ConverterForConvert interface {
+	ConvertWithRefer(fromValue, referValue any, option ...ConvertOption) (any, error)
+	ConvertWithTypeName(fromValue any, toTypeName string, option ...ConvertOption) (any, error)
+}
+
+// ConverterForRegister is the converting interface for custom converter registration.
+type ConverterForRegister interface {
+	RegisterTypeConverterFunc(f any) error
+	RegisterAnyConverterFunc(f AnyConvertFunc, types ...reflect.Type)
+}
+
+type (
+	// AnyConvertFunc is the function type for converting any to specified type.
+	AnyConvertFunc = structcache.AnyConvertFunc
+
+	// MapOption specifies the option for map converting.
+	MapOption = converter.MapOption
+
+	// SliceOption is the option for Slice type converting.
+	SliceOption = converter.SliceOption
+
+	// SliceMapOption is the option for SliceMap function.
+	SliceMapOption = converter.SliceMapOption
+
+	// ScanOption is the option for the Scan function.
+	ScanOption = converter.ScanOption
+
+	// StructOption is the option for Struct converting.
+	StructOption = converter.StructOption
+
+	// StructsOption is the option for Structs function.
+	StructsOption = converter.StructsOption
+
+	// ConvertOption is the option for converting.
+	ConvertOption = converter.ConvertOption
 )
 
 // IUnmarshalValue is the interface for custom defined types customizing value assignment.
 // Note that only pointer can implement interface IUnmarshalValue.
 type IUnmarshalValue = localinterface.IUnmarshalValue
 
-func init() {
-	// register common converters for internal usage.
-	structcache.RegisterCommonConverter(structcache.CommonConverter{
-		Int64:   Int64,
-		Uint64:  Uint64,
-		String:  String,
-		Float32: Float32,
-		Float64: Float64,
-		Time:    Time,
-		GTime:   GTime,
-		Bytes:   Bytes,
-		Bool:    Bool,
-	})
+var (
+	// defaultConverter is the default management object converting.
+	defaultConverter = converter.NewConverter()
+)
+
+// NewConverter creates and returns management object for type converting.
+func NewConverter() Converter {
+	return converter.NewConverter()
+}
+
+// RegisterConverter registers custom converter.
+// Deprecated: use RegisterTypeConverterFunc instead for clear
+func RegisterConverter(fn any) (err error) {
+	return RegisterTypeConverterFunc(fn)
+}
+
+// RegisterTypeConverterFunc registers custom converter.
+func RegisterTypeConverterFunc(fn any) (err error) {
+	return defaultConverter.RegisterTypeConverterFunc(fn)
+}
+
+// RegisterAnyConverterFunc registers custom type converting function for specified type.
+func RegisterAnyConverterFunc(f AnyConvertFunc, types ...reflect.Type) {
+	defaultConverter.RegisterAnyConverterFunc(f, types...)
 }

util/gconv/gconv_basic.go

@@ -6,331 +6,40 @@
 
 package gconv
 
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/encoding/gbinary"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/errors/gcode"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/errors/gerror"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/json"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/internal/reflection"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/os/gtime"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/v2/util/gconv/internal/localinterface"
-)
-
 // Byte converts `any` to byte.
 func Byte(any any) byte {
-	v, _ := doByte(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.Uint8(any)
 	return v
 }
 
-func doByte(any any) (byte, error) {
-	if v, ok := any.(byte); ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	return doUint8(any)
-}
-
 // Bytes converts `any` to []byte.
 func Bytes(any any) []byte {
-	v, _ := doBytes(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.Bytes(any)
 	return v
 }
 
-func doBytes(any any) ([]byte, error) {
-	if any == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	switch value := any.(type) {
-	case string:
-		return []byte(value), nil
-
-	case []byte:
-		return value, nil
-
-	default:
-		if f, ok := value.(localinterface.IBytes); ok {
-			return f.Bytes(), nil
-		}
-		originValueAndKind := reflection.OriginValueAndKind(any)
-		switch originValueAndKind.OriginKind {
-		case reflect.Map:
-			bytes, err := json.Marshal(any)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return bytes, nil
-
-		case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
-			var (
-				ok    = true
-				bytes = make([]byte, originValueAndKind.OriginValue.Len())
-			)
-			for i := range bytes {
-				int32Value, err := doInt32(originValueAndKind.OriginValue.Index(i).Interface())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				if int32Value < 0 || int32Value > math.MaxUint8 {
-					ok = false
-					break
-				}
-				bytes[i] = byte(int32Value)
-			}
-			if ok {
-				return bytes, nil
-			}
-		default:
-		}
-		return gbinary.Encode(any), nil
-	}
-}
-
 // Rune converts `any` to rune.
 func Rune(any any) rune {
-	v, _ := doRune(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.Rune(any)
 	return v
 }
 
-func doRune(any any) (rune, error) {
-	if v, ok := any.(rune); ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	v, err := doInt32(any)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return v, nil
-}
-
 // Runes converts `any` to []rune.
 func Runes(any any) []rune {
-	v, _ := doRunes(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.Runes(any)
 	return v
 }
 
-func doRunes(any any) ([]rune, error) {
-	if v, ok := any.([]rune); ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	s, err := doString(any)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return []rune(s), nil
-}
-
 // String converts `any` to string.
 // It's most commonly used converting function.
 func String(any any) string {
-	v, _ := doString(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.String(any)
 	return v
 }
 
-func doString(any any) (string, error) {
-	if any == nil {
-		return "", nil
-	}
-	switch value := any.(type) {
-	case int:
-		return strconv.Itoa(value), nil
-	case int8:
-		return strconv.Itoa(int(value)), nil
-	case int16:
-		return strconv.Itoa(int(value)), nil
-	case int32:
-		return strconv.Itoa(int(value)), nil
-	case int64:
-		return strconv.FormatInt(value, 10), nil
-	case uint:
-		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), nil
-	case uint8:
-		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), nil
-	case uint16:
-		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), nil
-	case uint32:
-		return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return strconv.FormatUint(value, 10), nil
-	case float32:
-		return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(value), 'f', -1, 32), nil
-	case float64:
-		return strconv.FormatFloat(value, 'f', -1, 64), nil
-	case bool:
-		return strconv.FormatBool(value), nil
-	case string:
-		return value, nil
-	case []byte:
-		return string(value), nil
-	case complex64, complex128:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%v", value), nil
-	case time.Time:
-		if value.IsZero() {
-			return "", nil
-		}
-		return value.String(), nil
-	case *time.Time:
-		if value == nil {
-			return "", nil
-		}
-		return value.String(), nil
-	case gtime.Time:
-		if value.IsZero() {
-			return "", nil
-		}
-		return value.String(), nil
-	case *gtime.Time:
-		if value == nil {
-			return "", nil
-		}
-		return value.String(), nil
-	default:
-		if f, ok := value.(localinterface.IString); ok {
-			// If the variable implements the String() interface,
-			// then use that interface to perform the conversion
-			return f.String(), nil
-		}
-		if f, ok := value.(localinterface.IError); ok {
-			// If the variable implements the Error() interface,
-			// then use that interface to perform the conversion
-			return f.Error(), nil
-		}
-		// Reflect checks.
-		var (
-			rv   = reflect.ValueOf(value)
-			kind = rv.Kind()
-		)
-		switch kind {
-		case
-			reflect.Chan,
-			reflect.Map,
-			reflect.Slice,
-			reflect.Func,
-			reflect.Interface,
-			reflect.UnsafePointer:
-			if rv.IsNil() {
-				return "", nil
-			}
-		case reflect.String:
-			return rv.String(), nil
-		case reflect.Ptr:
-			if rv.IsNil() {
-				return "", nil
-			}
-			return doString(rv.Elem().Interface())
-		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-			return strconv.FormatInt(rv.Int(), 10), nil
-		case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-			return strconv.FormatUint(rv.Uint(), 10), nil
-		case reflect.Uintptr:
-			return strconv.FormatUint(rv.Uint(), 10), nil
-		case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-			return strconv.FormatFloat(rv.Float(), 'f', -1, 64), nil
-		case reflect.Bool:
-			return strconv.FormatBool(rv.Bool()), nil
-		default:
-		}
-		// Finally, we use json.Marshal to convert.
-		jsonContent, err := json.Marshal(value)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Sprint(value), gerror.WrapCodef(
-				gcode.CodeInvalidParameter, err, "error marshaling value to JSON for: %v", value,
-			)
-		}
-		return string(jsonContent), nil
-	}
-}
-
 // Bool converts `any` to bool.
 // It returns false if `any` is: false, "", 0, "false", "off", "no", empty slice/map.
 func Bool(any any) bool {
-	v, _ := doBool(any)
+	v, _ := defaultConverter.Bool(any)
 	return v
 }
-
-func doBool(any any) (bool, error) {
-	if any == nil {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	switch value := any.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		return value, nil
-	case []byte:
-		if _, ok := emptyStringMap[strings.ToLower(string(value))]; ok {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return true, nil
-	case string:
-		if _, ok := emptyStringMap[strings.ToLower(value)]; ok {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return true, nil
-	default:
-		if f, ok := value.(localinterface.IBool); ok {
-			return f.Bool(), nil
-		}
-		rv := reflect.ValueOf(any)
-		switch rv.Kind() {
-		case reflect.Ptr:
-			if rv.IsNil() {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			if rv.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Bool {
-				return rv.Elem().Bool(), nil
-			}
-			return doBool(rv.Elem().Interface())
-		case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-			return rv.Int() != 0, nil
-		case reflect.Uintptr, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-			return rv.Uint() != 0, nil
-		case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-			return rv.Float() != 0, nil
-		case reflect.Bool:
-			return rv.Bool(), nil
-		// TODO：(Map，Array，Slice，Struct) It might panic here for these types.
-		case reflect.Map, reflect.Array:
-			fallthrough
-		case reflect.Slice:
-			return rv.Len() != 0, nil
-		case reflect.Struct:
-			return true, nil
-		default:
-			s, err := doString(any)
-			if err != nil {
-				return false, err
-			}
-			if _, ok := emptyStringMap[strings.ToLower(s)]; ok {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// checkJsonAndUnmarshalUseNumber checks if given `any` is JSON formatted string value and does converting using `json.UnmarshalUseNumber`.
-func checkJsonAndUnmarshalUseNumber(any any, target any) bool {
-	switch r := any.(type) {
-	case []byte:
-		if json.Valid(r) {
-			if err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(r, &target); err != nil {
-				return false
-			}
-			return true
-		}
-
-	case string:
-		anyAsBytes := []byte(r)
-		if json.Valid(anyAsBytes) {
-			if err := json.UnmarshalUseNumber(anyAsBytes, &target); err != nil {
-				return false
-			}
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}