add examples for gredis

add g.Export
fix issue in GetOrSetFuncLock of gmap/gcache; add gutil.IsEmpty/Export functions
2026-06-08 18:47:45 +08:00 · 2019-03-21 23:51:57 +08:00 · 2019-03-21 18:21:53 +08:00 · 2019-03-21 18:20:20 +08:00 · 2019-03-21 10:52:12 +08:00 · 2019-03-21 10:36:24 +08:00
1177 changed files with 10759 additions and 114328 deletions
--- a/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
+++ b/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!-- 为更高效率地交流并解决问题，请按照以下模板提交issue，感谢！ -->
+
+### 1. 您当前使用的`Go`版本，及系统版本、系统架构？
+
+<!-- 使用 `go version` 命令查看，期望的结果如：`go 1.12, linux/amd64` -->
+
+
+### 2. 您当前使用的`GoFrame`框架版本？
+
+<!-- 框架版本可以查看自己项目下的 `go.mod`，或者框架文件 `version.go` -->
+
+
+### 3. 更新到最新的框架版本是否能够解决问题？
+
+<!-- 务必检查是否相同问题已在新版本中已修复 -->
+
+
+### 4. 问题描述？
+
+<!--
+请您尽可能地提供一份最短的，可复现问题的代码。
+代码尽可能地完整，最好是可以直接编译运行。
+-->
+
+
+
+### 5. 您期望得到的结果？
+
+
+
+### 6. 您实际得到的结果？
+
+
+
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.MD
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!-- Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks! -->
+
+### 1. What version of `Go` and system type/arch are you using?
+
+<!-- 
+Please paste the output of command `go version` from your terminal.
+What expect to see is like: `go 1.12, linux/amd64`
+-->
+
+
+### 2. What version of `GoFrame` are you using?
+
+<!-- You can find the GF version from your `go.mod`, or from the `version.go` in `GF` -->
+
+
+### 3. Can this issue be reproduced with the latest release?
+
+
+
+### 4. What did you do?
+
+<!--
+If possible, provide a copy of shortest codes for reproducing the error.
+A complete runnable program is best.
+-->
+
+
+
+### 5. What did you expect to see?
+
+
+
+### 6. What did you see instead?
+
+
+
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 language: go

 go:
- "1.11.x"
+  - "1.10.x"
+  - "1.11.x"
+  - "1.12.x"

 branches:
  only:
@ -9,25 +11,29 @@ branches:
  - develop

 env:
- GO111MODULE=on
+  - GO111MODULE=on

 services:
- mysql
+  - mysql
+  - redis-server
+
+addons:
+  hosts:
+    - local

 before_install:
- pwd
+  - pwd

 install:
- pwd
+  - cat /etc/hosts

 script:
- cd g
- GOARCH=386 go test -v ./...
- GOARCH=amd64 go test -v ./... -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic
-
+  - cd g
+  - GOARCH=386 go test -v ./...
+  - GOARCH=amd64 go test -v ./... -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic

 after_success:
- bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+  - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)



--- a/2
+++ b/2
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License

-Copyright (c) 2017 john@johng.cn http://johng.cn
+Copyright (c) 2017 john@goframe.org https://goframe.org

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
--- a/README.MD
+++ b/README.MD
@ -4,23 +4,22 @@
 [![Go Doc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf) 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gogf/gf.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/gogf/gf) 
 [![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gogf/gf)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gogf/gf) 
-[![Documents](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-100%25-green.svg)](https://goframe.org) 
+[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/gogf/gf.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-go-blue.svg)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/gogf/gf.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/gogf/gf/releases)

 <!--
-[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf)
-[![Code Helper](https://www.codetriage.com/gogf/gf/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/gogf/gf) 
--> 
+GoFrame is a modular, loose-coupled, production-ready and most-powerful application development framework of golang. Providing a series of core components and dozens of practical modules, such as: cache, logging, containers, timer, validator, database orm, etc. Supporting web server integrated with router, cookie, session, logger, configure, template, https, hooks, rewrites and many more features. 
+-->

-`GF(GoFrame)` is a modular, lightweight, loosely coupled, high performance application development framework written in Go. Supporting graceful server, hot updates, multi-domain, multi-port, multi-service, HTTP/HTTPS, dynamic/hook routing and many more features. Providing a series of core components and dozens of practical modules.
+`GF(GoFrame)` is a modular, loose-coupled, production-ready and most-powerful application development framework of golang. Providing a series of core components and dozens of practical modules, such as: memcache, configure, validator, logging, array/queue/set/map containers, timer/timing tasks, file/memory lock, object pool, database ORM, etc. Supporting web server integrated with router, cookie, session, logger, template, https, hooks, rewrites and many more features. 

 # Installation
 ```
 go get -u github.com/gogf/gf
 ```
-or use `go.mod`
+or use `go.mod`:
 ```
 require github.com/gogf/gf latest
 ```
@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ golang version >= 1.9.2

 # Documentation

+* [GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf)
 * [中文文档](https://goframe.org)

 # Architecture
@ -65,40 +65,30 @@ func main() {

 `GF` is licensed under the [MIT License](LICENSE), 100% free and open-source, forever.

-# Contributors(TOP 10)
+# Contributors

-<a href="https://gitee.com/johng" target="_blank" title="John"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/27/1309327_johng.png?1530630243" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/wenzi1" target="_blank" title="蚊子"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/22/1923122_wenzi1.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zseeker" target="_blank" title="zseeker"><img src="https://goframe.org/images/contributors/zseeker.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/ymrjqyy" target="_blank" title="一墨染尽青衣颜"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/27/876827_ymrjqyy.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://github.com/chenyang351" target="_blank" title="chenyang351"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/30063958?s=60&v=4" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/wxkj" target="_blank" title="wxkj"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/56/91356_wxkj.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://github.com/wxkj001" target="_blank" title="3wxkj001
-"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7794279?s=60&v=4" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zhangjinfu" target="_blank" title="张金富"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/63/356163_zhangjinfu.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/garfieldkwong" target="_blank" title="GarfieldKwong"><img src="https://goframe.org/images/contributors/garfieldkwong.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/qq1054000800" target="_blank" title="hello"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/9/2209_qq1054000800.jpg" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<br /><br /><br />
+- [johng](https://gitee.com/johng)
+- [zhaopengme](https://github.com/zhaopengme)
+- [wenzi1](https://gitee.com/wenzi1)
+- [zseeker](https://gitee.com/zseeker)
+- [ymrjqyy](https://gitee.com/ymrjqyy)
+- [chenyang351](https://github.com/chenyang351)
+- [wxkj](https://gitee.com/wxkj)
+- [wxkj001](https://github.com/wxkj001)
+- [zhangjinfu](https://gitee.com/zhangjinfu)
+- [garfieldkwong](https://gitee.com/garfieldkwong)
+- [qq1054000800](https://gitee.com/qq1054000800)

 # Donators

-<a href="https://gitee.com/zhuhuan12" target="_blank" title="zhuhuan12"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/39/751839_zhuhuan12.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zfan_codes" target="_blank" title="范钟"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/32/2044832_zfan_codes.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/hailaz" target="_blank" title="HaiLaz"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/87/1273187_hailaz.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/mg91" target="_blank" title="mg91"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/30/1410930_mg91.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
+- [tiangenglan](https://gitee.com/tiangenglan)
+- [zhuhuan12](https://gitee.com/zhuhuan12)
+- [zfan_codes](https://gitee.com/zfan_codes)
+- [hailaz](https://gitee.com/hailaz)
+- [mg91](https://gitee.com/mg91)
+- [wxkj](https://gitee.com/wxkj)
+- [pibigstar](https://github.com/pibigstar)
+- [flyke-xu](https://gitee.com/flyke-xu)



--- a/README_ZH.MD
+++ b/README_ZH.MD
@ -4,16 +4,11 @@
 [![Go Doc](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf) 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gogf/gf.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/gogf/gf) 
 [![Go Report](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/gogf/gf)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gogf/gf) 
-[![Documents](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-100%25-green.svg)](https://goframe.org) 
+[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/gogf/gf.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![Language](https://img.shields.io/badge/language-go-blue.svg)](https://github.com/gogf/gf)
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/gogf/gf.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/gogf/gf/releases)

-<!--
-[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/gogf/gf)
-[![Code Helper](https://www.codetriage.com/gogf/gf/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/gogf/gf) 
--> 
-
 `GF(Go Frame)`是一款模块化、松耦合、生产级Go应用开发框架。提供了常用的核心开发组件，如：缓存、日志、文件、时间、队列、数组、集合、字符串、定时器、命令行、文件锁、内存锁、对象池、连接池、数据校验、数据编码、文件监控、定时任务、数据库ORM、TCP/UDP组件、进程管理/通信、
 并发安全容器等等。并提供了Web服务开发的系列核心组件，如：Router、Cookie、Session、服务注册、配置管理、模板引擎等等，支持热重启、热更新、多域名、多端口、多服务、HTTPS、Rewrite等特性。

@ -32,7 +27,7 @@
 go get -u github.com/gogf/gf
 ```
 或者
-`go.mod`
+`go.mod`:
 ```
 require github.com/gogf/gf latest
 ```
@ -81,29 +76,36 @@ func main() {

 `GF` 使用非常友好的 [MIT](LICENSE) 开源协议进行发布，永久`100%`开源免费。

+# 捐赠

-# 贡献者(TOP 10)
+捐赠支持`GF`框架的研发，
+请在捐赠时备注您的`github`/`gitee`账号名称。

-<a href="https://gitee.com/johng" target="_blank" title="John"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/27/1309327_johng.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/wenzi1" target="_blank" title="蚊子"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/22/1923122_wenzi1.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zseeker" target="_blank" title="zseeker"><img src="https://goframe.org/images/contributors/zseeker.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/ymrjqyy" target="_blank" title="一墨染尽青衣颜"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/27/876827_ymrjqyy.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/chenyang351" target="_blank" title="chenyang351"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/30063958?s=60&v=4" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/wxkj" target="_blank" title="wxkj"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/56/91356_wxkj.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/wxkj001" target="_blank" title="3wxkj001
-"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7794279?s=60&v=4" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zhangjinfu" target="_blank" title="张金富"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/63/356163_zhangjinfu.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/garfieldkwong" target="_blank" title="GarfieldKwong"><img src="https://goframe.org/images/contributors/garfieldkwong.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-<a href="https://gitee.com/qq1054000800" target="_blank" title="hello"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/9/2209_qq1054000800.jpg" width="60" align="left"></a>
+<a href="https://goframe.org/images/donate.png" target="_blank">
+<img src="https://goframe.org/images/donate.png" width="300"/>
+</a>

-<br /><br /><br />
+# 贡献者
+
+- [johng](https://gitee.com/johng)
+- [zhaopengme](https://github.com/zhaopengme)
+- [wenzi1](https://gitee.com/wenzi1)
+- [zseeker](https://gitee.com/zseeker)
+- [ymrjqyy](https://gitee.com/ymrjqyy)
+- [chenyang351](https://github.com/chenyang351)
+- [wxkj](https://gitee.com/wxkj)
+- [wxkj001](https://github.com/wxkj001)
+- [zhangjinfu](https://gitee.com/zhangjinfu)
+- [garfieldkwong](https://gitee.com/garfieldkwong)
+- [qq1054000800](https://gitee.com/qq1054000800)

 # 捐赠者

-<a href="https://gitee.com/zhuhuan12" target="_blank" title="zhuhuan12"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/39/751839_zhuhuan12.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/zfan_codes" target="_blank" title="范钟"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/32/2044832_zfan_codes.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/hailaz" target="_blank" title="HaiLaz"><img src="https://gitee.com/uploads/87/1273187_hailaz.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
-
-<a href="https://gitee.com/mg91" target="_blank" title="mg91"><img src="https://images.gitee.com/uploads/30/1410930_mg91.png" width="60" align="left"></a>
+- [tiangenglan](https://gitee.com/tiangenglan)
+- [zhuhuan12](https://gitee.com/zhuhuan12)
+- [zfan_codes](https://gitee.com/zfan_codes)
+- [hailaz](https://gitee.com/hailaz)
+- [mg91](https://gitee.com/mg91)
+- [wxkj](https://gitee.com/wxkj)
+- [pibigstar](https://github.com/pibigstar)
+- [flyke-xu](https://gitee.com/flyke-xu)
--- a/RELEASE.MD
+++ b/RELEASE.MD
@ -1,3 +1,38 @@
+# `v1.5.8` (2019-02-28)
+
+## 新特性
+1. 主库从`gitee`迁移到了`github`( https://github.com/gogf/gf )，`gitee`作为镜像站，用于国内的代码贡献及ISSUE提交，迁移说明详见：https://goframe.org/upgradeto150
+1. 对常用的`container`数组模块: `garray`做了大量改进/完善工作，新增大量常用方法，并完善单元测试用例及方法注释，详见API文档：https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/garray
+1. 对常用的`container`集合模块: `gset`做了大量改进/完善工作，新增大量常用方法，并完善单元测试用例及方法注释，详见API文档：https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gset
+1. 对常用的`container`MAP模块: `gmap`做了大量改进/完善工作，新增大量常用方法，并完善单元测试用例及方法注释，详见API文档：https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gmap
+1. 对常用的字符串模块: `gstr`做了大量改进/完善工作，新增大量常用方法，并完善单元测试用例及方法注释，详见API文档：https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr
+1. 改进`gform`中对`struct`/`*struct`参数的支持，`*Insert/*Save/*Replace/*Update/Where/Data`方法的参数调整为`interface{}`类型，并支持任意类型的: `string/map/slice/struct/*struct`参数传递，具体请参考：https://goframe.org/database/orm/chaining
+1. 新增/完善若干模块的单元测试用例, 包括：`gvalid`/`gregex`/`garray`/`gset`/`gmap`/`gstr`/`gconv`/`ghttp`/`gdb`；
+1. 由于`gkafka`模块比较重，且不是框架核心模块，因此将该模块迁移到新的仓库中独立管理，并去掉相关依赖包：https://github.com/gogf/gkafka
+1. 新增`greuseport`模块，用以实现TCP的`REUSEPORT`特性：https://godoc.org/github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/greuseport
+
+## 新功能/改进
+1. 去掉模板引擎内置变量中自动初始化`session`对象带来的内存占用问题；
+1. `ghttp.Client`改进，增加若干方法，详见：https://goframe.org/net/ghttp/client 
+1. `ghttp`分组路由增加`COMMON`方法，用以注册常用的`HTTP METHOD`(`GET/PUT/POST/DELETE`)路由；
+1. 更新框架依赖的`golang.org/x/sys`模块；
+1. 改进`gform`的批量操作(`Batch*`操作)返回结果对象，可以通过该结果对象获得批量操作准确的受影响记录行数；
+1. 将`gstr`/`gregex`模块从`util`分类迁移到了`text`分类目录下；
+1. 将`gtest`模块从`util`分类迁移到了`test`分类目录下；
+1. 完善`glog`方法注释；
+
+## Bug Fix
+1. 修复带点的邮件格式,用`gvalid.Check`的"`email`"规则不能匹配成功;
+1. 修复`gvalid.Check`在`regex`规则下的检查失败问题；
+1. 修复`gcron`模块定时规则中天和周不允许`?`符号的问题；
+1. 修复`ghttp.Server`在部分异常情况下仍然返回`200`状态码的问题；
+1. 修复`gfpool`模块中由于原子操作问题造成的高并发"内存泄露"问题；
+1. 修复分组路由注册对象/控制时，方法`Index`的路由仅能通过`/xxx/index`访问的问题；
+1. 修复模板引擎使用中，当不存在`config.toml`(即使没使用)配置文件时的报错问题；
+1. 其他一些修复；
+
+
+
 # `v1.4.6` (2019-01-24)

 ## 新特性
--- a/TODO.MD
+++ b/TODO.MD
@ -51,9 +51,13 @@
 1. 权限管理模块；
 1. 从ghttp中剥离SESSION功能构成单独的模块gsession；
 1. 改进gproc进程间通信处理逻辑，提高稳定性，以应对进程间大批量的数据发送/接收；
-
-
-
+1. gdb的Data方法支持struct参数传入；
+1. gfcache依旧使用gcache作为缓存控制对象，不要使用gmap；
+1. 增加对ghttp路由注册的{.struct}/{.method}单元测试；
+1. 更新跨域请求CORS相关功能文档；
+1. ghttp的热重启的本地进程端口监听，在不使用该特性时默认关闭掉；
+1. gcfg包目前允许添加重复的目录路径，需要在SetPath/AddPath时判断重复性，不能添加重复的路径；
+1. gdb执行数据写入时，如果参数为struct/[]struct，自动映射与表字段对应关系，不再使用gconv标签标识；



--- a/g/container/garray/garray_func.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_func.go
@ -6,3 +6,15 @@

 package garray

+
+type apiSliceInterface interface {
+    Slice() []interface{}
+}
+
+type apiSliceInt interface {
+    Slice() []int
+}
+
+type apiSliceString interface {
+    Slice() []string
+}
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_normal_int.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_normal_int.go
@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/grand"
    "math"
    "sort"
-    "strings"
 )

 type IntArray struct {
@ -53,6 +53,20 @@ func NewIntArrayFrom(array []int, unsafe...bool) *IntArray {
    }
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewIntArrayFromCopy(array []int, unsafe...bool) *IntArray {
+    newArray := make([]int, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &IntArray{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Get value by index.
 //
 // 获取指定索引的数据项, 调用方注意判断数组边界。
@ -233,13 +247,31 @@ func (a *IntArray) PopRight() int {
    return value
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *IntArray) PopRand() int {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *IntArray) PopRands(size int) []int {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]int, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop <size> items from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(首部)的size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
@ -409,8 +441,8 @@ func (a *IntArray) Unique() *IntArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (a *IntArray) LockFunc(f func(array []int)) *IntArray {
-	a.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
 	f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -419,23 +451,28 @@ func (a *IntArray) LockFunc(f func(array []int)) *IntArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (a *IntArray) RLockFunc(f func(array []int)) *IntArray {
-	a.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Append is Append supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *IntArray) Merge(array *IntArray) *IntArray {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *IntArray) Merge(array interface{}) *IntArray {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Append(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Append(gconv.Ints(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
    return a
 }

@ -538,11 +575,19 @@ func (a *IntArray) SubSlice(offset, size int) []int {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *IntArray) Rand(size int) []int {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *IntArray) Rand() int {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *IntArray) Rands(size int) []int {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -588,5 +633,12 @@ func (a *IntArray) Reverse() *IntArray {
 func (a *IntArray) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(gconv.Strings(a.array), glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_normal_interface.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_normal_interface.go
@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
+    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/grand"
    "math"
    "sort"
-    "strings"
 )

 type Array struct {
@ -30,8 +31,6 @@ func New(unsafe...bool) *Array {
 }

 // See New.
-//
-// 同New方法。
 func NewArray(unsafe...bool) *Array {
    return NewArraySize(0, 0, unsafe...)
 }
@ -48,6 +47,16 @@ func NewArraySize(size int, cap int, unsafe...bool) *Array {
    }
 }

+// See NewArrayFrom.
+func NewFrom(array []interface{}, unsafe...bool) *Array {
+    return NewArrayFrom(array, unsafe...)
+}
+
+// See NewArrayFromCopy.
+func NewFromCopy(array []interface{}, unsafe...bool) *Array {
+    return NewArrayFromCopy(array, unsafe...)
+}
+
 // Create an array with given slice <array>.
 // The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
 // which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
@ -60,6 +69,20 @@ func NewArrayFrom(array []interface{}, unsafe...bool) *Array {
    }
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewArrayFromCopy(array []interface{}, unsafe...bool) *Array {
+    newArray := make([]interface{}, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &Array{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Get value by index.
 //
 // 获取指定索引的数据项, 调用方注意判断数组边界
@ -196,13 +219,31 @@ func (a *Array) PushRight(value...interface{}) *Array {
    return a
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *Array) PopRand() interface{} {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *Array) PopRands(size int) []interface{} {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]interface{}, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop an item from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(索引为0)的数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
@ -392,8 +433,8 @@ func (a *Array) Unique() *Array {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (a *Array) LockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *Array {
-    a.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -402,23 +443,28 @@ func (a *Array) LockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *Array {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (a *Array) RLockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *Array {
-    a.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Append is Append supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *Array) Merge(array *Array) *Array {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *Array) Merge(array interface{}) *Array {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Append(gconv.Interfaces(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
    return a
 }

@ -520,11 +566,19 @@ func (a *Array) SubSlice(offset, size int) []interface{} {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *Array) Rand(size int) []interface{} {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *Array) Rand() interface{} {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *Array) Rands(size int) []interface{} {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -570,7 +624,14 @@ func (a *Array) Reverse() *Array {
 func (a *Array) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(gconv.Strings(a.array), glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }

 // Counts all the values of an array.
@ -584,4 +645,13 @@ func (a *Array) CountValues() map[interface{}]int {
        m[v]++
    }
    return m
+}
+
+// String returns current array as a string.
+//
+// 将当前数组转换为字符串返回。
+func (a *Array) String() string {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return fmt.Sprint(a.array)
 }
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_normal_string.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_normal_string.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/grand"
@ -53,6 +54,20 @@ func NewStringArrayFrom(array []string, unsafe...bool) *StringArray {
 	}
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewStringArrayFromCopy(array []string, unsafe...bool) *StringArray {
+    newArray := make([]string, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &StringArray{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Get value by index.
 //
 // 获取指定索引的数据项, 调用方注意判断数组边界。
@ -233,13 +248,31 @@ func (a *StringArray) PopRight() string {
    return value
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *StringArray) PopRand() string {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *StringArray) PopRands(size int) []string {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]string, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop <size> items from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(首部)的size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项
@ -407,8 +440,8 @@ func (a *StringArray) Unique() *StringArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (a *StringArray) LockFunc(f func(array []string)) *StringArray {
-	a.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
 	f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -417,23 +450,28 @@ func (a *StringArray) LockFunc(f func(array []string)) *StringArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (a *StringArray) RLockFunc(f func(array []string)) *StringArray {
-	a.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Append is Append supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *StringArray) Merge(array *StringArray) *StringArray {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *StringArray) Merge(array interface{}) *StringArray {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Append(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Append(gconv.Strings(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
    return a
 }

@ -537,11 +575,19 @@ func (a *StringArray) SubSlice(offset, size int) []string {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *StringArray) Rand(size int) []string {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *StringArray) Rand() string {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *StringArray) Rands(size int) []string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -587,6 +633,13 @@ func (a *StringArray) Reverse() *StringArray {
 func (a *StringArray) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(a.array, glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }

--- a/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_int.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_int.go
@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gtype"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/grand"
    "math"
    "sort"
-    "strings"
 )

 // 默认按照从小到大进行排序
@ -67,6 +67,20 @@ func NewSortedIntArrayFrom(array []int, unsafe...bool) *SortedIntArray {
    return a
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewSortedIntArrayFromCopy(array []int, unsafe...bool) *SortedIntArray {
+    newArray := make([]int, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &SortedIntArray{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Set the underlying slice array with the given <array> param.
 //
 // 设置底层数组变量.
@ -172,13 +186,31 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) PopRight() int {
    return value
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *SortedIntArray) PopRand() int {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *SortedIntArray) PopRands(size int) []int {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]int, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop <size> items from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(首部)的size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项
@ -383,8 +415,8 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) Clear() *SortedIntArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (a *SortedIntArray) LockFunc(f func(array []int)) *SortedIntArray {
-    a.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -393,24 +425,28 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) LockFunc(f func(array []int)) *SortedIntArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (a *SortedIntArray) RLockFunc(f func(array []int)) *SortedIntArray {
-    a.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Add is Add supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *SortedIntArray) Merge(array *SortedIntArray) *SortedIntArray {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *SortedIntArray) Merge(array interface{}) *SortedIntArray {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Add(gconv.Ints(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Add(gconv.Ints(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
-    sort.Ints(a.array)
    return a
 }

@ -462,11 +498,19 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) SubSlice(offset, size int) []int {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *SortedIntArray) Rand(size int) []int {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *SortedIntArray) Rand() int {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *SortedIntArray) Rands(size int) []int {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -488,5 +532,12 @@ func (a *SortedIntArray) Rand(size int) []int {
 func (a *SortedIntArray) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(gconv.Strings(a.array), glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_interface.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_interface.go
@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gtype"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/grand"
    "math"
    "sort"
-    "strings"
 )

 // 默认按照从小到大进行排序
@ -69,6 +69,20 @@ func NewSortedArrayFrom(array []interface{}, compareFunc func(v1, v2 interface{}
    return a
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewSortedArrayFromCopy(array []interface{}, unsafe...bool) *SortedArray {
+    newArray := make([]interface{}, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &SortedArray{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Set the underlying slice array with the given <array> param.
 //
 // 设置底层数组变量.
@ -178,13 +192,31 @@ func (a *SortedArray) PopRight() interface{} {
    return value
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *SortedArray) PopRand() interface{} {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *SortedArray) PopRands(size int) []interface{} {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]interface{}, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop <size> items from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(首部)的size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项
@ -390,8 +422,8 @@ func (a *SortedArray) Clear() *SortedArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (a *SortedArray) LockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *SortedArray {
-    a.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -400,26 +432,28 @@ func (a *SortedArray) LockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *SortedArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (a *SortedArray) RLockFunc(f func(array []interface{})) *SortedArray {
-    a.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Add is Add supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *SortedArray) Merge(array *SortedArray) *SortedArray {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *SortedArray) Merge(array interface{}) *SortedArray {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Add(gconv.Interfaces(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
-    sort.Slice(a.array, func(i, j int) bool {
-        return a.compareFunc(a.array[i], a.array[j]) < 0
-    })
    return a
 }

@ -471,11 +505,19 @@ func (a *SortedArray) SubSlice(offset, size int) []interface{} {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *SortedArray) Rand(size int) []interface{} {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *SortedArray) Rand() interface{} {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *SortedArray) Rands(size int) []interface{} {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -497,5 +539,12 @@ func (a *SortedArray) Rand(size int) []interface{} {
 func (a *SortedArray) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(gconv.Strings(a.array), glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_string.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_sorted_string.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package garray

 import (
+    "bytes"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gtype"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
@ -61,6 +62,20 @@ func NewSortedStringArrayFrom(array []string, unsafe...bool) *SortedStringArray
    return a
 }

+// Create an array from a copy of given slice <array>.
+// The param <unsafe> used to specify whether using array with un-concurrent-safety,
+// which is false in default, means concurrent-safe in default.
+//
+// 通过给定的slice拷贝创建数组对象，参数unsafe用于指定是否用于非并发安全场景，默认为false，表示并发安全。
+func NewSortedStringArrayFromCopy(array []string, unsafe...bool) *SortedStringArray {
+    newArray := make([]string, len(array))
+    copy(newArray, array)
+    return &SortedStringArray{
+        mu    : rwmutex.New(unsafe...),
+        array : newArray,
+    }
+}
+
 // Set the underlying slice array with the given <array> param.
 //
 // 设置底层数组变量.
@ -166,13 +181,31 @@ func (a *SortedStringArray) PopRight() string {
    return value
 }

-// Pop an random item from array.
+// PopRand picks an random item out of array.
 //
 // 随机将一个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
 func (a *SortedStringArray) PopRand() string {
    return a.Remove(grand.Intn(len(a.array)))
 }

+// PopRands picks <size> items out of array.
+//
+// 随机将size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项。
+func (a *SortedStringArray) PopRands(size int) []string {
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
+    if size > len(a.array) {
+        size = len(a.array)
+    }
+    array := make([]string, size)
+    for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
+        index   := grand.Intn(len(a.array))
+        array[i] = a.array[index]
+        a.array  = append(a.array[ : index], a.array[index + 1 : ]...)
+    }
+    return array
+}
+
 // Pop <size> items from the beginning of array.
 //
 // 将最左端(首部)的size个数据项移出数组，并返回该数据项
@ -377,8 +410,8 @@ func (a *SortedStringArray) Clear() *SortedStringArray {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (a *SortedStringArray) LockFunc(f func(array []string)) *SortedStringArray {
-    a.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer a.mu.Unlock(true)
+    a.mu.Lock()
+    defer a.mu.Unlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }
@ -387,24 +420,28 @@ func (a *SortedStringArray) LockFunc(f func(array []string)) *SortedStringArray
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (a *SortedStringArray) RLockFunc(f func(array []string)) *SortedStringArray {
-    a.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer a.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    f(a.array)
    return a
 }

-// Merge two arrays.
+// Merge two arrays. The parameter <array> can be any garray type or slice type.
+// The difference between Merge and Add is Add supports only specified slice type,
+// but Merge supports more variable types.
 //
-// 合并两个数组.
-func (a *SortedStringArray) Merge(array *SortedStringArray) *SortedStringArray {
-    a.mu.Lock()
-    defer a.mu.Unlock()
-    if a != array {
-        array.mu.RLock()
-        defer array.mu.RUnlock()
+// 合并两个数组, 支持任意的garray数组类型及slice类型.
+func (a *SortedStringArray) Merge(array interface{}) *SortedStringArray {
+    switch v := array.(type) {
+        case *Array:             a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *IntArray:          a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *StringArray:       a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedArray:       a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedIntArray:    a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        case *SortedStringArray: a.Add(gconv.Strings(v.Slice())...)
+        default:
+            a.Add(gconv.Strings(array)...)
    }
-    a.array = append(a.array, array.array...)
-    sort.Strings(a.array)
    return a
 }

@ -456,11 +493,19 @@ func (a *SortedStringArray) SubSlice(offset, size int) []string {
    }
 }

-// Picks one or more random entries out of an array(a copy),
-// and returns the key (or keys) of the random entries.
+// Rand gets one random entry from array.
 //
-// 从数组中随机取出size个元素项，构成slice返回。
-func (a *SortedStringArray) Rand(size int) []string {
+// 从数组中随机获得1个元素项(不删除)。
+func (a *SortedStringArray) Rand() string {
+    a.mu.RLock()
+    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+    return a.array[grand.Intn(len(a.array))]
+}
+
+// Rands gets one or more random entries from array(a copy).
+//
+// 从数组中随机拷贝size个元素项，构成slice返回。
+func (a *SortedStringArray) Rands(size int) []string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
    if size > len(a.array) {
@ -482,5 +527,12 @@ func (a *SortedStringArray) Rand(size int) []string {
 func (a *SortedStringArray) Join(glue string) string {
    a.mu.RLock()
    defer a.mu.RUnlock()
-    return strings.Join(a.array, glue)
+    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+    for k, v := range a.array {
+        buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
+        if k != len(a.array) - 1 {
+            buffer.WriteString(glue)
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.String()
 }
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_z_example_test.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_z_example_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2018 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package garray_test
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/garray"
+)
+
+func Example_basic() {
+    // 创建普通的数组，默认并发安全(带锁)
+    a := garray.New()
+
+    // 添加数据项
+    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+        a.Append(i)
+    }
+
+    // 获取当前数组长度
+    fmt.Println(a.Len())
+
+    // 获取当前数据项列表
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+
+    // 获取指定索引项
+    fmt.Println(a.Get(6))
+
+    // 查找指定数据项是否存在
+    fmt.Println(a.Contains(6))
+    fmt.Println(a.Contains(100))
+
+    // 在指定索引前插入数据项
+    a.InsertAfter(9, 11)
+    // 在指定索引后插入数据项
+    a.InsertBefore(10, 10)
+
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+
+    // 修改指定索引的数据项
+    a.Set(0, 100)
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+
+    // 搜索数据项，返回搜索到的索引位置
+    fmt.Println(a.Search(5))
+
+    // 删除指定索引的数据项
+    a.Remove(0)
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+
+    // 清空数组
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+    a.Clear()
+    fmt.Println(a.Slice())
+
+    // Output:
+    // 10
+    // [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
+    // 6
+    // true
+    // false
+    // [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]
+    // [100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]
+    // 5
+    // [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]
+    // [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]
+    // []
+}
+
+func Example_rand() {
+    array := garray.NewFrom([]interface{}{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9})
+    // 随机返回两个数据项(不删除)
+    fmt.Println(array.Rands(2))
+    fmt.Println(array.PopRand())
+}
+
+func Example_pop() {
+    array := garray.NewFrom([]interface{}{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9})
+    fmt.Println(array.PopLeft())
+    fmt.Println(array.PopLefts(2))
+    fmt.Println(array.PopRight())
+    fmt.Println(array.PopRights(2))
+
+    // Output:
+    // 1
+    // [2 3]
+    // 9
+    // [7 8]
+}
+
+func Example_merge() {
+    array1 := garray.NewFrom([]interface{}{1,2})
+    array2 := garray.NewFrom([]interface{}{3,4})
+    slice1 := []interface{}{5,6}
+    slice2 := []int{7,8}
+    slice3 := []string{"9","0"}
+    fmt.Println(array1.Slice())
+    array1.Merge(array1)
+    array1.Merge(array2)
+    array1.Merge(slice1)
+    array1.Merge(slice2)
+    array1.Merge(slice3)
+    fmt.Println(array1.Slice())
+
+    // Output:
+    // [1 2]
+    // [1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0]
+}
--- a/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_int_test.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_int_test.go
@ -161,9 +161,18 @@ func TestIntArray_Rand(t *testing.T) {
    gtest.Case(t, func() {
        a1 := []int{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
        array1 := garray.NewIntArrayFrom(a1)
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(2)),  2)
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(10)), 7)
-        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rand(1)[0], a1)
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(2)),  2)
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(10)), 7)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rands(1)[0], a1)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rand(), a1)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestIntArray_PopRands(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        a1 := []interface{}{100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600}
+        array := garray.NewFromCopy(a1)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array.PopRands(2), a1)
    })
 }

--- a/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_interface_test.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_interface_test.go
@ -80,6 +80,14 @@ func TestArray_PushAndPop(t *testing.T) {
    })
 }

+func TestArray_PopRands(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        a1 := []interface{}{100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600}
+        array := garray.NewFromCopy(a1)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array.PopRands(2), a1)
+    })
+}
+
 func TestArray_PopLeftsAndPopRights(t *testing.T) {
    gtest.Case(t, func() {
        value1 := []interface{}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
@ -165,9 +173,9 @@ func TestArray_Rand(t *testing.T) {
    gtest.Case(t, func() {
        a1 := []interface{}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
        array1 := garray.NewArrayFrom(a1)
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(2)),  2)
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(10)), 7)
-        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rand(1)[0], a1)
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(2)),  2)
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(10)), 7)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rands(1)[0], a1)
    })
 }

--- a/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_string_test.go
+++ b/g/container/garray/garray_z_unit_string_test.go
@ -162,9 +162,17 @@ func TestStringArray_Rand(t *testing.T) {
    gtest.Case(t, func() {
        a1 := []string{"0","1","2","3","4","5","6"}
        array1 := garray.NewStringArrayFrom(a1)
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(2)),  "2")
-        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rand(10)), "7")
-        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rand(1)[0], a1)
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(2)),  "2")
+        gtest.Assert(len(array1.Rands(10)), "7")
+        gtest.AssertIN(array1.Rands(1)[0], a1)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestStringArray_PopRands(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        a1 := []interface{}{"100", "200", "300", "400", "500", "600"}
+        array := garray.NewFromCopy(a1)
+        gtest.AssertIN(array.PopRands(2), a1)
    })
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap.go
@ -291,8 +291,8 @@ func (gm *Map) Clear() {
 //
 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *Map) LockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]interface{})) {
-    gm.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+    gm.mu.Lock()
+    defer gm.mu.Unlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ func (gm *Map) LockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]interface{})) {
 //
 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *Map) RLockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]interface{})) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_bool_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_bool_map.go
@ -238,15 +238,15 @@ func (gm *IntBoolMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *IntBoolMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]bool)) {
-    gm.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+    gm.mu.Lock()
+    defer gm.mu.Unlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *IntBoolMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[int]bool)) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_int_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_int_map.go
@ -238,15 +238,15 @@ func (gm *IntIntMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *IntIntMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]int)) {
-    gm.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+    gm.mu.Lock()
+    defer gm.mu.Unlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *IntIntMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[int]int)) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_interface_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_interface_map.go
@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ func (gm *IntInterfaceMap) doSetWithLockCheck(key int, value interface{}) interf
    if f, ok := value.(func() interface {}); ok {
        value = f()
    }
-    gm.m[key] = value
+    if value != nil {
+        gm.m[key] = value
+    }
    return value
 }

@ -231,8 +233,8 @@ func (gm *IntInterfaceMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]interface{})) {

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *IntInterfaceMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[int]interface{})) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_string_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_int_string_map.go
@ -239,15 +239,15 @@ func (gm *IntStringMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *IntStringMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]string)) {
-    gm.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+    gm.mu.Lock()
+    defer gm.mu.Unlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *IntStringMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[int]string)) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_bool_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_bool_map.go
@ -238,15 +238,15 @@ func (gm *StringBoolMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *StringBoolMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]bool)) {
-	gm.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+	gm.mu.Lock()
+	defer gm.mu.Unlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *StringBoolMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[string]bool)) {
-	gm.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	gm.mu.RLock()
+	defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_int_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_int_map.go
@ -239,15 +239,15 @@ func (gm *StringIntMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全写锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *StringIntMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]int)) {
-    gm.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+    gm.mu.Lock()
+    defer gm.mu.Unlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全读锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *StringIntMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[string]int)) {
-    gm.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    gm.mu.RLock()
+    defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
    f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_interface_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_interface_map.go
@ -109,7 +109,9 @@ func (gm *StringInterfaceMap) doSetWithLockCheck(key string, value interface{})
    if f, ok := value.(func() interface {}); ok {
        value = f()
    }
-    gm.m[key] = value
+    if value != nil {
+        gm.m[key] = value
+    }
    return value
 }

@ -224,15 +226,15 @@ func (gm *StringInterfaceMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全写锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *StringInterfaceMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]interface{})) {
-	gm.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+	gm.mu.Lock()
+	defer gm.mu.Unlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全读锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *StringInterfaceMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[string]interface{})) {
-	gm.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	gm.mu.RLock()
+	defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_string_map.go
+++ b/g/container/gmap/gmap_string_string_map.go
@ -238,15 +238,15 @@ func (gm *StringStringMap) Clear() {

 // 并发安全写锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作
 func (gm *StringStringMap) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]string)) {
-	gm.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.Unlock(true)
+	gm.mu.Lock()
+	defer gm.mu.Unlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

 // 并发安全读锁操作，使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作
 func (gm *StringStringMap) RLockFunc(f func(m map[string]string)) {
-	gm.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer gm.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	gm.mu.RLock()
+	defer gm.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(gm.m)
 }

--- a/g/container/gqueue/gqueue.go
+++ b/g/container/gqueue/gqueue.go
@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
 package gqueue

 import (
-    "container/list"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/glist"
    "math"
-    "sync"
 )

 // 1、这是一个先进先出的队列(chan <-- list)；
@ -28,9 +27,8 @@ import (
 //
 // 4、由于功能主体是chan，那么操作仍然像chan那样具有阻塞效果；
 type Queue struct {
-    mu        sync.Mutex       // 底层链表写锁
    limit     int              // 队列限制大小
-    list      *list.List       // 底层数据链表
+    list      *glist.List       // 底层数据链表
    events    chan struct{}    // 写入事件通知
    closed    chan struct{}    // 队列关闭通知
    C         chan interface{} // 队列数据读取
@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ func New(limit...int) *Queue {
        q.limit  = limit[0]
        q.C      = make(chan interface{}, limit[0])
    } else {
-        q.list   = list.New()
+        q.list   = glist.New()
        q.events = make(chan struct{}, math.MaxInt32)
        q.C      = make(chan interface{}, gDEFAULT_QUEUE_SIZE)
        go q.startAsyncLoop()
@ -68,7 +66,6 @@ func (q *Queue) startAsyncLoop() {
                for {
                    if length := q.list.Len(); length > 0 {
                        array := make([]interface{}, length)
-                        q.mu.Lock()
                        for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
                            if e := q.list.Front(); e != nil {
                                array[i] = q.list.Remove(e)
@ -76,7 +73,6 @@ func (q *Queue) startAsyncLoop() {
                                break
                            }
                        }
-                        q.mu.Unlock()
                        for _, v := range array {
                           q.C <- v
                        }
@ -93,9 +89,7 @@ func (q *Queue) Push(v interface{}) {
    if q.limit > 0 {
        q.C <- v
    } else {
-        q.mu.Lock()
        q.list.PushBack(v)
-        q.mu.Unlock()
        q.events <- struct{}{}
    }
 }
--- a/g/container/gring/gring.go
+++ b/g/container/gring/gring.go
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ func (r *Ring) Unlink(n int) *Ring {

 // 读锁遍历，往后只读遍历，回调函数返回true表示继续遍历，否则退出遍历
 func (r *Ring) RLockIteratorNext(f func(value interface{}) bool) {
-    r.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer r.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    r.mu.RLock()
+    defer r.mu.RUnlock()
    if !f(r.ring.Value) {
        return
    }
@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ func (r *Ring) RLockIteratorNext(f func(value interface{}) bool) {

 // 读锁遍历，往前只读遍历，回调函数返回true表示继续遍历，否则退出遍历
 func (r *Ring) RLockIteratorPrev(f func(value interface{}) bool) {
-    r.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer r.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    r.mu.RLock()
+    defer r.mu.RUnlock()
    if !f(r.ring.Value) {
        return
    }
@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ func (r *Ring) RLockIteratorPrev(f func(value interface{}) bool) {

 // 写锁遍历，往后写遍历，回调函数返回true表示继续遍历，否则退出遍历
 func (r *Ring) LockIteratorNext(f func(item *ring.Ring) bool) {
-    r.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer r.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    r.mu.RLock()
+    defer r.mu.RUnlock()
    if !f(r.ring) {
        return
    }
@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ func (r *Ring) LockIteratorNext(f func(item *ring.Ring) bool) {

 // 写锁遍历，往前写遍历，回调函数返回true表示继续遍历，否则退出遍历
 func (r *Ring) LockIteratorPrev(f func(item *ring.Ring) bool) {
-    r.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer r.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    r.mu.RLock()
+    defer r.mu.RUnlock()
    if !f(r.ring) {
        return
    }
--- a/g/container/gset/gset.go
+++ b/g/container/gset/gset.go
@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ func (set *Set) String() string {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (set *Set) LockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]struct{})) *Set {
-    set.mu.Lock(true)
-    defer set.mu.Unlock(true)
+    set.mu.Lock()
+    defer set.mu.Unlock()
    f(set.m)
    return set
 }
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ func (set *Set) LockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]struct{})) *Set {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (set *Set) RLockFunc(f func(m map[interface{}]struct{})) *Set {
-    set.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer set.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    set.mu.RLock()
+    defer set.mu.RUnlock()
    f(set.m)
    return set
 }
--- a/g/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
+++ b/g/container/gset/gset_int_set.go
@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func (set *IntSet) String() string {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (set *IntSet) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]struct{})) *IntSet {
-	set.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer set.mu.Unlock(true)
+	set.mu.Lock()
+	defer set.mu.Unlock()
 	f(set.m)
    return set
 }
@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ func (set *IntSet) LockFunc(f func(m map[int]struct{})) *IntSet {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (set *IntSet) RLockFunc(f func(m map[int]struct{})) *IntSet {
-    set.mu.RLock(true)
-    defer set.mu.RUnlock(true)
+    set.mu.RLock()
+    defer set.mu.RUnlock()
    f(set.m)
    return set
 }
--- a/g/container/gset/gset_string_set.go
+++ b/g/container/gset/gset_string_set.go
@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ func (set *StringSet) String() string {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁修改操作。
 func (set *StringSet) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]struct{})) *StringSet {
-	set.mu.Lock(true)
-	defer set.mu.Unlock(true)
+	set.mu.Lock()
+	defer set.mu.Unlock()
 	f(set.m)
    return set
 }
@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ func (set *StringSet) LockFunc(f func(m map[string]struct{})) *StringSet {
 //
 // 使用自定义方法执行加锁读取操作。
 func (set *StringSet) RLockFunc(f func(m map[string]struct{})) *StringSet {
-	set.mu.RLock(true)
-	defer set.mu.RUnlock(true)
+	set.mu.RLock()
+	defer set.mu.RUnlock()
 	f(set.m)
    return set
 }
--- a/g/container/gvar/gvar.go
+++ b/g/container/gvar/gvar.go
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import (

 type Var struct {
    value interface{} // 变量值
-    safe  bool        // 当为true时,value为 *gtype.Interface 类型
+    safe  bool        // 当为true时, value为 *gtype.Interface 类型
 }

 // 创建一个动态变量，value参数可以为nil
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb.go
@ -37,17 +37,19 @@ type DB interface {
    doQuery(link dbLink, query string, args ...interface{}) (rows *sql.Rows, err error)
    doExec(link dbLink, query string, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error)
    doPrepare(link dbLink, query string) (*sql.Stmt, error)
-    doInsert(link dbLink, table string, data Map, option int) (result sql.Result, err error)
-    doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int, option int) (result sql.Result, err error)
-    doUpdate(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error)
-    doDelete(link dbLink, table string, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error)
+    doInsert(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, option int, batch...int) (result sql.Result, err error)
+    doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list interface{}, option int, batch...int) (result sql.Result, err error)
+    doUpdate(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, condition string, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error)
+    doDelete(link dbLink, table string, condition string, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error)

 	// 数据库查询
 	GetAll(query string, args ...interface{}) (Result, error)
 	GetOne(query string, args ...interface{}) (Record, error)
 	GetValue(query string, args ...interface{}) (Value, error)
    GetCount(query string, args ...interface{}) (int, error)
-    GetStruct(obj interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error
+    GetStruct(objPointer interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error
+    GetStructs(objPointerSlice interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error
+    GetScan(objPointer interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error

    // 创建底层数据库master/slave链接对象
    Master() (*sql.DB, error)
@ -61,14 +63,14 @@ type DB interface {
 	Begin() (*TX, error)

 	// 数据表插入/更新/保存操作
-	Insert(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error)
-	Replace(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error)
-	Save(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error)
+	Insert(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)
+	Replace(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)
+	Save(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)

 	// 数据表插入/更新/保存操作(批量)
-	BatchInsert(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error)
-	BatchReplace(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error)
-	BatchSave(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error)
+	BatchInsert(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)
+	BatchReplace(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)
+	BatchSave(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error)

 	// 数据修改/删除
 	Update(table string, data interface{}, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error)
@ -149,8 +151,11 @@ const (
    OPTION_REPLACE = 1
    OPTION_SAVE    = 2
    OPTION_IGNORE  = 3
+    // 默认批量操作的数量值(Batch*操作)
+    gDEFAULT_BATCH_NUM          = 10
    // 默认的连接池连接存活时间(秒)
    gDEFAULT_CONN_MAX_LIFE_TIME = 30
+
 )

 // 使用默认/指定分组配置进行连接，数据库集群配置项：default
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_base.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_base.go
@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gvar"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gcache"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "reflect"
    "strings"
 )
@ -165,13 +165,44 @@ func (bs *dbBase) GetOne(query string, args ...interface{}) (Record, error) {
    return nil, nil
 }

-// 数据库查询，获取查询结果记录，自动映射数据到给定的struct对象中
-func (bs *dbBase) GetStruct(obj interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
+// 数据库查询，查询单条记录，自动映射数据到给定的struct对象中
+func (bs *dbBase) GetStruct(objPointer interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
    one, err := bs.GetOne(query, args...)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
-    return one.ToStruct(obj)
+    return one.ToStruct(objPointer)
+}
+
+// 数据库查询，查询多条记录，并自动转换为指定的slice对象, 如: []struct/[]*struct。
+func (bs *dbBase) GetStructs(objPointerSlice interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
+    all, err := bs.GetAll(query, args...)
+    if err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    return all.ToStructs(objPointerSlice)
+}
+
+// 将结果转换为指定的struct/*struct/[]struct/[]*struct,
+// 参数应该为指针类型，否则返回失败。
+// 该方法自动识别参数类型，调用Struct/Structs方法。
+func (bs *dbBase) GetScan(objPointer interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
+    t := reflect.TypeOf(objPointer)
+    k := t.Kind()
+    if k != reflect.Ptr {
+        return fmt.Errorf("params should be type of pointer, but got: %v", k)
+    }
+    k = t.Elem().Kind()
+    switch k {
+        case reflect.Array:
+        case reflect.Slice:
+            return bs.db.GetStructs(objPointer, query, args ...)
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            return bs.db.GetStruct(objPointer, query, args ...)
+        default:
+            return fmt.Errorf("element type should be type of struct/slice, unsupported: %v", k)
+    }
+    return nil
 }

 // 数据库查询，获取查询字段值
@ -234,45 +265,72 @@ func (bs *dbBase) Begin() (*TX, error) {
    }
 }

-// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 仅仅执行写入操作，如果存在冲突的主键或者唯一索引，那么报错返回
-func (bs *dbBase) Insert(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_INSERT)
+// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 仅仅执行写入操作，如果存在冲突的主键或者唯一索引，那么报错返回。
+// 参数data支持map/struct/*struct/slice类型，
+// 当为slice(例如[]map/[]struct/[]*struct)类型时，batch参数生效，并自动切换为批量操作。
+func (bs *dbBase) Insert(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_INSERT, batch...)
 }

-// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条
-func (bs *dbBase) Replace(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_REPLACE)
+// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条。
+// 参数data支持map/struct/*struct/slice类型，
+// 当为slice(例如[]map/[]struct/[]*struct)类型时，batch参数生效，并自动切换为批量操作。
+func (bs *dbBase) Replace(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_REPLACE, batch...)
 }

-// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据
-func (bs *dbBase) Save(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_SAVE)
+// CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据。
+// 参数data支持map/struct/*struct/slice类型，
+// 当为slice(例如[]map/[]struct/[]*struct)类型时，batch参数生效，并自动切换为批量操作。
+func (bs *dbBase) Save(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doInsert(nil, table, data, OPTION_SAVE, batch...)
 }

-// insert、replace, save， ignore操作
-// 0: insert:  仅仅执行写入操作，如果存在冲突的主键或者唯一索引，那么报错返回
-// 1: replace: 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条
-// 2: save:    如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据
-// 3: ignore:  如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么什么也不做
-func (bs *dbBase) doInsert(link dbLink, table string, data Map, option int) (result sql.Result, err error) {
-    var fields []string
-    var values []string
-    var params []interface{}
-    charl, charr := bs.db.getChars()
-    for k, v := range data {
-        fields = append(fields,   charl + k + charr)
+// 支持insert、replace, save， ignore操作。
+// 0: insert:  仅仅执行写入操作，如果存在冲突的主键或者唯一索引，那么报错返回;
+// 1: replace: 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条;
+// 2: save:    如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据;
+// 3: ignore:  如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么什么也不做;
+//
+// 参数data支持map/struct/*struct/slice类型，
+// 当为slice(例如[]map/[]struct/[]*struct)类型时，batch参数生效，并自动切换为批量操作。
+func (bs *dbBase) doInsert(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, option int, batch...int) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+    var fields  []string
+    var values  []string
+    var params  []interface{}
+    var dataMap Map
+    // 使用反射判断data数据类型，如果为slice类型，那么自动转为批量操作
+    rv   := reflect.ValueOf(data)
+    kind := rv.Kind()
+    if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+        rv   = rv.Elem()
+        kind = rv.Kind()
+    }
+    switch kind {
+        case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
+        case reflect.Array:
+            return bs.db.doBatchInsert(link, table, data, option, batch...)
+        case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            dataMap = gconv.Map(data)
+        default:
+            return result, errors.New(fmt.Sprint("unsupported data type:", kind))
+    }
+    charL, charR := bs.db.getChars()
+    for k, v := range dataMap {
+        fields = append(fields, charL + k + charR)
        values = append(values, "?")
-        params = append(params, v)
+        params = append(params, convertParam(v))
    }
    operation := getInsertOperationByOption(option)
    updateStr := ""
    if option == OPTION_SAVE {
        var updates []string
-        for k, _ := range data {
+        for k, _ := range dataMap {
            updates = append(updates,
                fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s=VALUES(%s%s%s)",
-                    charl, k, charr,
-                    charl, k, charr,
+                    charL, k, charR,
+                    charL, k, charR,
                ),
            )
        }
@ -290,28 +348,59 @@ func (bs *dbBase) doInsert(link dbLink, table string, data Map, option int) (res
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入
-func (bs *dbBase) BatchInsert(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, batch, OPTION_INSERT)
+func (bs *dbBase) BatchInsert(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, OPTION_INSERT, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条
-func (bs *dbBase) BatchReplace(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, batch, OPTION_REPLACE)
+func (bs *dbBase) BatchReplace(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, OPTION_REPLACE, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据
-func (bs *dbBase) BatchSave(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, batch, OPTION_SAVE)
+func (bs *dbBase) BatchSave(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return bs.db.doBatchInsert(nil, table, list, OPTION_SAVE, batch...)
 }

-// 批量写入数据
-func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int, option int) (result sql.Result, err error) {
-    var keys    []string
-    var values  []string
-    var bvalues []string
-    var params  []interface{}
+// 批量写入数据, 参数list支持slice类型，例如: []map/[]struct/[]*struct。
+func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list interface{}, option int, batch...int) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+    var keys   []string
+    var values []string
+    var params []interface{}
+    listMap := (List)(nil)
+    switch v := list.(type) {
+        case Result:
+            listMap = v.ToList()
+        case Record:
+            listMap = List{v.ToMap()}
+        case List:
+            listMap = v
+        case Map:
+            listMap = List{v}
+        default:
+            rv   := reflect.ValueOf(list)
+            kind := rv.Kind()
+            if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+                rv   = rv.Elem()
+                kind = rv.Kind()
+            }
+            switch kind {
+                // 如果是slice，那么转换为List类型
+                case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
+                case reflect.Array:
+                    listMap = make(List, rv.Len())
+                    for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
+                        listMap[i] = gconv.Map(rv.Index(i).Interface())
+                    }
+                case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+                case reflect.Struct:
+                    listMap = List{Map(gconv.Map(list))}
+                default:
+                    return result, errors.New(fmt.Sprint("unsupported list type:", kind))
+            }
+    }
    // 判断长度
-    if len(list) < 1 {
+    if len(listMap) < 1 {
        return result, errors.New("empty data list")
    }
    if link == nil {
@ -320,14 +409,15 @@ func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int,
        }
    }
    // 首先获取字段名称及记录长度
-    for k, _ := range list[0] {
-        keys   = append(keys,   k)
-        values = append(values, "?")
+    holders := []string(nil)
+    for k, _ := range listMap[0] {
+        keys    = append(keys,   k)
+        holders = append(holders, "?")
    }
    batchResult    := new(batchSqlResult)
-    charl, charr   := bs.db.getChars()
-    keyStr         := charl + strings.Join(keys, charl + "," + charr) + charr
-    valueHolderStr := "(" + strings.Join(values, ",") + ")"
+    charL, charR   := bs.db.getChars()
+    keyStr         := charL + strings.Join(keys, charL + "," + charR) + charR
+    valueHolderStr := "(" + strings.Join(holders, ",") + ")"
    // 操作判断
    operation := getInsertOperationByOption(option)
    updateStr := ""
@ -336,22 +426,26 @@ func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int,
        for _, k := range keys {
            updates = append(updates,
                fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s=VALUES(%s%s%s)",
-                    charl, k, charr,
-                    charl, k, charr,
+                    charL, k, charR,
+                    charL, k, charR,
                ),
            )
        }
        updateStr = fmt.Sprintf(" ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE %s", strings.Join(updates, ","))
    }
    // 构造批量写入数据格式(注意map的遍历是无序的)
-    for i := 0; i < len(list); i++ {
+    batchNum := gDEFAULT_BATCH_NUM
+    if len(batch) > 0 {
+        batchNum = batch[0]
+    }
+    for i := 0; i < len(listMap); i++ {
        for _, k := range keys {
-            params = append(params, list[i][k])
+            params = append(params, convertParam(listMap[i][k]))
        }
-        bvalues = append(bvalues, valueHolderStr)
-        if len(bvalues) == batch {
+        values = append(values, valueHolderStr)
+        if len(values) == batchNum {
            r, err := bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("%s INTO %s(%s) VALUES%s %s",
-                operation, table, keyStr, strings.Join(bvalues, ","),
+                operation, table, keyStr, strings.Join(values, ","),
                updateStr),
                params...)
            if err != nil {
@ -363,14 +457,14 @@ func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int,
                batchResult.lastResult    = r
                batchResult.rowsAffected += n
            }
-            params  = params[:0]
-            bvalues = bvalues[:0]
+            params = params[:0]
+            values = values[:0]
        }
    }
    // 处理最后不构成指定批量的数据
-    if len(bvalues) > 0 {
+    if len(values) > 0 {
        r, err := bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("%s INTO %s(%s) VALUES%s %s",
-            operation, table, keyStr, strings.Join(bvalues, ","),
+            operation, table, keyStr, strings.Join(values, ","),
            updateStr),
            params...)
        if err != nil {
@ -386,59 +480,70 @@ func (bs *dbBase) doBatchInsert(link dbLink, table string, list List, batch int,
    return batchResult, nil
 }

-// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理
-// data参数支持字符串或者关联数组类型，内部会自行做判断处理
+// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理。
+// data参数支持string/map/struct/*struct类型。
 func (bs *dbBase) Update(table string, data interface{}, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
-    link, err := bs.db.Master()
-    if err != nil {
-        return nil, err
-    }
-    return bs.db.doUpdate(link, table, data, condition, args ...)
+    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, args)
+    return bs.db.doUpdate(nil, table, data, newWhere, newArgs ...)
 }

-// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理
-// data参数支持字符串或者关联数组类型，内部会自行做判断处理
-func (bs *dbBase) doUpdate(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error) {
-    params       := ([]interface{})(nil)
+// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理。
+// data参数支持string/map/struct/*struct类型类型。
+func (bs *dbBase) doUpdate(link dbLink, table string, data interface{}, condition string, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error) {
    updates      := ""
-    charl, charr := bs.db.getChars()
-    refValue     := reflect.ValueOf(data)
-    if refValue.Kind() == reflect.Map {
-        var fields []string
-        keys := refValue.MapKeys()
-        for _, k := range keys {
-            fields = append(fields, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s=?", charl, k, charr))
-            params = append(params, gconv.String(refValue.MapIndex(k).Interface()))
-        }
-        updates = strings.Join(fields, ",")
-    } else {
-        updates = gconv.String(data)
+    charL, charR := bs.db.getChars()
+    // 使用反射进行类型判断
+    rv   := reflect.ValueOf(data)
+    kind := rv.Kind()
+    if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+        rv   = rv.Elem()
+        kind = rv.Kind()
    }
-    for _, v := range args {
-        params = append(params, gconv.String(v))
+    params := []interface{}(nil)
+    switch kind {
+        case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            var fields []string
+            for k, v := range gconv.Map(data) {
+                fields = append(fields, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s=?", charL, k, charR))
+                params = append(params, convertParam(v))
+            }
+            updates = strings.Join(fields, ",")
+        default:
+            updates = gconv.String(data)
    }
+    if len(params) > 0 {
+        args = append(params, args...)
+    }
+    // 如果没有传递link，那么使用默认的写库对象
    if link == nil {
        if link, err = bs.db.Master(); err != nil {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
-    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, params)
-    return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s", table, updates, newWhere), newArgs...)
+    if len(condition) == 0 {
+        return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE %s SET %s", table, updates), args...)
+    }
+    return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("UPDATE %s SET %s WHERE %s", table, updates, condition), args...)
 }

 // CURD操作:删除数据
 func (bs *dbBase) Delete(table string, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error) {
-    link, err := bs.db.Master()
-    if err != nil {
-        return nil, err
-    }
-    return bs.db.doDelete(link, table, condition, args ...)
+    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, args)
+    return bs.db.doDelete(nil, table, newWhere, newArgs ...)
 }

 // CURD操作:删除数据
-func (bs *dbBase) doDelete(link dbLink, table string, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error) {
-    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, args)
-    return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s", table, newWhere), newArgs...)
+func (bs *dbBase) doDelete(link dbLink, table string, condition string, args ...interface{}) (result sql.Result, err error) {
+    if link == nil {
+        if link, err = bs.db.Master(); err != nil {
+            return nil, err
+        }
+    }
+    if len(condition) == 0 {
+        return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("DELETE FROM %s", table), args...)
+    }
+    return bs.db.doExec(link, fmt.Sprintf("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s", table, condition), args...)
 }

 // 获得缓存对象
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_func.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_func.go
@ -12,44 +12,81 @@ import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    _ "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    "reflect"
    "strings"
 )

 // 格式化SQL查询条件
-func formatCondition(where interface{}, args []interface{}) (string, []interface{}) {
+func formatCondition(where interface{}, args []interface{}) (newWhere string, newArgs []interface{}) {
    // 条件字符串处理
    buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-    if reflect.ValueOf(where).Kind() == reflect.Map {
-        ks := reflect.ValueOf(where).MapKeys()
-        vs := reflect.ValueOf(where)
-        for _, k := range ks {
-            key   := gconv.String(k.Interface())
-            value := gconv.String(vs.MapIndex(k).Interface())
-            if buffer.Len() > 0 {
-                buffer.WriteString(" AND ")
-            }
-            if gstr.IsNumeric(value) || value == "?" {
-                buffer.WriteString(key + "=" + value)
-            } else {
-                buffer.WriteString(key + "='" + value + "'")
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        buffer.Write(gconv.Bytes(where))
+    // 使用反射进行类型判断
+    rv   := reflect.ValueOf(where)
+    kind := rv.Kind()
+    if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+        rv   = rv.Elem()
+        kind = rv.Kind()
    }
+    tmpArgs := []interface{}(nil)
+    switch kind {
+        // map/struct类型
+        case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            for key, value := range gconv.Map(where) {
+                if buffer.Len() > 0 {
+                    buffer.WriteString(" AND ")
+                }
+                // 支持slice键值/属性，如果只有一个?占位符号，那么作为IN查询，否则打散作为多个查询参数
+                rv := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+                switch rv.Kind() {
+                    case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
+                    case reflect.Array:
+                        count := gstr.Count(key, "?")
+                        if count == 0 {
+                            buffer.WriteString(key + " IN(?)")
+                            tmpArgs = append(tmpArgs, value)
+                        } else if count != rv.Len() {
+                            buffer.WriteString(key)
+                            tmpArgs = append(tmpArgs, value)
+                        } else {
+                            buffer.WriteString(key)
+                            // 如果键名/属性名称中带有多个?占位符号，那么将参数打散
+                            tmpArgs = append(tmpArgs, gconv.Interfaces(value)...)
+                        }
+                    default:
+                        if value == nil {
+                            buffer.WriteString(key)
+                        } else {
+                            if gstr.Pos(key, "?") == -1 {
+                                if gstr.Pos(key, "<") == -1 && gstr.Pos(key, ">") == -1 && gstr.Pos(key, "=") == -1 {
+                                    buffer.WriteString(key + "=?")
+                                } else {
+                                    buffer.WriteString(key + "?")
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                buffer.WriteString(key)
+                            }
+                            tmpArgs = append(tmpArgs, value)
+                        }
+                }
+            }
+
+        default:
+            buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(where))
+    }
+    // 没有任何条件查询参数，直接返回
    if buffer.Len() == 0 {
-        buffer.WriteString("1=1")
+        return "", args
    }
-    // 查询条件处理
-    newWhere := buffer.String()
-    newArgs  := make([]interface{}, 0)
-    if len(args) > 0 {
-        for index, arg := range args {
+    newWhere = buffer.String()
+    tmpArgs  = append(tmpArgs, args...)
+    // 查询条件参数处理，主要处理slice参数类型
+    if len(tmpArgs) > 0 {
+        for index, arg := range tmpArgs {
            rv   := reflect.ValueOf(arg)
            kind := rv.Kind()
            if kind == reflect.Ptr {
@ -57,11 +94,14 @@ func formatCondition(where interface{}, args []interface{}) (string, []interface
                kind = rv.Kind()
            }
            switch kind {
+                // '?'占位符支持slice类型,
+                // 这里会将slice参数拆散，并更新原有占位符'?'为多个'?'，使用','符号连接。
                case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
                case reflect.Array:
                    for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
                        newArgs = append(newArgs, rv.Index(i).Interface())
                    }
+                    // counter用于匹配该参数的位置(与index对应)
                    counter    := 0
                    newWhere, _ = gregex.ReplaceStringFunc(`\?`, newWhere, func(s string) string {
                        counter++
@ -71,11 +111,35 @@ func formatCondition(where interface{}, args []interface{}) (string, []interface
                        return s
                    })
                default:
+                    // 支持例如 Where/And/Or("uid", 1) 这种格式
+                    if gstr.Pos(newWhere, "?") == -1 {
+                        if gstr.Pos(newWhere, "<") == -1 && gstr.Pos(newWhere, ">") == -1 && gstr.Pos(newWhere, "=") == -1 {
+                            newWhere += "=?"
+                        } else {
+                            newWhere += "?"
+                        }
+                    }
                    newArgs = append(newArgs, arg)
            }
        }
    }
-    return newWhere, newArgs
+    return
+}
+
+// 将预处理参数转换为底层数据库引擎支持的格式。
+// 主要是判断参数是否为复杂数据类型，如果是，那么转换为基础类型。
+func convertParam(value interface{}) interface{} {
+    rv   := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+    kind := rv.Kind()
+    if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+        rv   = rv.Elem()
+        kind = rv.Kind()
+    }
+    switch kind {
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            return gconv.String(value)
+    }
+    return value
 }

 // 打印SQL对象(仅在debug=true时有效)
@ -109,13 +173,13 @@ func formatError(err error, query string, args ...interface{}) error {

 // 根据insert选项获得操作名称
 func getInsertOperationByOption(option int) string {
-    oper := "INSERT"
+    operator := "INSERT"
    switch option {
        case OPTION_REPLACE:
-            oper = "REPLACE"
+            operator = "REPLACE"
        case OPTION_SAVE:
        case OPTION_IGNORE:
-            oper = "INSERT IGNORE"
+            operator = "INSERT IGNORE"
    }
-    return oper
+    return operator
 }
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_model.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_model.go
@ -3,17 +3,18 @@
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
 // If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
 // You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+//
+// @author john, ymrjqyy

 package gdb

 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"errors"
-	"database/sql"
-	"github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
-	_ "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
+    "database/sql"
+    "errors"
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+    _ "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    "reflect"
-    "strings"
 )

 // 数据库链式操作模型对象
@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ type Model struct {
 	cacheEnabled bool          // 当前SQL操作是否开启查询缓存功能
 	cacheTime    int           // 查询缓存时间
 	cacheName    string        // 查询缓存名称
+    safe         bool          // 当前模型是否运行安全模式（可修改当前模型，否则每一次链式操作都是返回新的模型对象）
 }

 // 链式操作，数据表字段，可支持多个表，以半角逗号连接
@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ func (bs *dbBase) Table(tables string) (*Model) {
        tablesInit : tables,
 		tables     : tables,
 		fields     : "*",
+        safe       : false,
 	}
 }

@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ func (tx *TX) Table(tables string) (*Model) {
 		tx         : tx,
        tablesInit : tables,
 		tables     : tables,
+        safe       : false,
 	}
 }

@ -79,98 +83,130 @@ func (md *Model) Clone() *Model {
    return newModel
 }

+// 标识当前对象运行安全模式(可被修改)。
+// 1. 默认情况下，模型对象的对象属性无法被修改，
+// 每一次链式操作都是克隆一个新的模型对象，这样所有的操作都不会污染模型对象。
+// 但是链式操作如果需要分开执行，那么需要将新的克隆对象赋值给旧的模型对象继续操作。
+// 2. 当标识模型对象为可修改，那么在当前模型对象的所有链式操作均会影响下一次的链式操作，
+// 即使是链式操作分开执行。
+// 3. 大部分ORM框架默认模型对象是可修改的，但是GF框架的ORM提供给开发者更灵活，更安全的链式操作选项。
+func (md *Model) Safe(safe...bool) *Model {
+    if len(safe) > 0 {
+        md.safe = safe[0]
+    } else {
+        md.safe = true
+    }
+    return md
+}
+
+// 返回操作的模型对象，可能是当前对象，也可能是新的克隆对象，根据alterable决定。
+func (md *Model) getModel() *Model {
+    if !md.safe {
+        return md
+    } else {
+        return md.Clone()
+    }
+}
+
 // 链式操作，左联表
 func (md *Model) LeftJoin(joinTable string, on string) (*Model) {
-    model        := md.Clone()
+    model        := md.getModel()
    model.tables += fmt.Sprintf(" LEFT JOIN %s ON (%s)", joinTable, on)
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，右联表
 func (md *Model) RightJoin(joinTable string, on string) (*Model) {
-    model        := md.Clone()
+    model        := md.getModel()
    model.tables += fmt.Sprintf(" RIGHT JOIN %s ON (%s)", joinTable, on)
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，内联表
 func (md *Model) InnerJoin(joinTable string, on string) (*Model) {
-    model        := md.Clone()
+    model        := md.getModel()
    model.tables += fmt.Sprintf(" INNER JOIN %s ON (%s)", joinTable, on)
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，查询字段
 func (md *Model) Fields(fields string) (*Model) {
-    model       := md.Clone()
+    model       := md.getModel()
    model.fields = fields
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，过滤字段
 func (md *Model) Filter() (*Model) {
-    model       := md.Clone()
+    model       := md.getModel()
    model.filter = true
    return model
 }

-// 链式操作，condition，支持string & gdb.Map
+// 链式操作，condition，支持string & gdb.Map.
+// 注意，多个Where调用时，会自动转换为And条件调用。
 func (md *Model) Where(where interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*Model) {
-    model             := md.Clone()
+    model := md.getModel()
+    if model.where != "" {
+        return md.And(where, args...)
+    }
    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(where, args)
    model.where        = newWhere
-    model.whereArgs    = append(model.whereArgs, newArgs...)
-	// 支持 Where("uid", 1)这种格式
-	if len(args) == 1 && strings.Index(model.where , "?") < 0 {
-        model.where += "=?"
-    }
+    model.whereArgs    = newArgs
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，添加AND条件到Where中
 func (md *Model) And(where interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*Model) {
-    model             := md.Clone()
+    model             := md.getModel()
    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(where, args)
-    model.where       += " AND " + newWhere
-    model.whereArgs    = append(model.whereArgs, newArgs...)
+    if len(model.where) > 0 && model.where[0] == '(' {
+        model.where = fmt.Sprintf(`%s AND (%s)`, model.where, newWhere)
+    } else {
+        model.where = fmt.Sprintf(`(%s) AND (%s)`, model.where, newWhere)
+    }
+    model.whereArgs = append(model.whereArgs, newArgs...)
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，添加OR条件到Where中
 func (md *Model) Or(where interface{}, args ...interface{}) (*Model) {
-    model             := md.Clone()
+    model             := md.getModel()
    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(where, args)
-    model.where       += " OR " + newWhere
-    model.whereArgs    = append(model.whereArgs, newArgs...)
+    if len(model.where) > 0 && model.where[0] == '(' {
+        model.where = fmt.Sprintf(`%s OR (%s)`, model.where, newWhere)
+    } else {
+        model.where = fmt.Sprintf(`(%s) OR (%s)`, model.where, newWhere)
+    }
+    model.whereArgs = append(model.whereArgs, newArgs...)
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，group by
 func (md *Model) GroupBy(groupBy string) (*Model) {
-    model        := md.Clone()
+    model        := md.getModel()
    model.groupBy = groupBy
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，order by
 func (md *Model) OrderBy(orderBy string) (*Model) {
-    model        := md.Clone()
+    model        := md.getModel()
    model.orderBy = orderBy
 	return model
 }

 // 链式操作，limit
 func (md *Model) Limit(start int, limit int) (*Model) {
-    model      := md.Clone()
+    model      := md.getModel()
    model.start = start
    model.limit = limit
 	return model
 }

-// 链式操作，翻页
-// @author ymrjqyy
+// 链式操作，翻页，注意分页页码从1开始，而Limit方法从0开始。
 func (md *Model) ForPage(page, limit int) (*Model) {
-    model      := md.Clone()
+    model      := md.getModel()
    model.start = (page - 1) * limit
    model.limit = limit
 	return model
@ -178,7 +214,7 @@ func (md *Model) ForPage(page, limit int) (*Model) {

 // 设置批处理的大小
 func (md *Model) Batch(batch int) *Model {
-    model      := md.Clone()
+    model      := md.getModel()
    model.batch = batch
    return model
 }
@ -188,7 +224,7 @@ func (md *Model) Batch(batch int) *Model {
 // name表示自定义的缓存名称，便于业务层精准定位缓存项(如果业务层需要手动清理时，必须指定缓存名称)，
 // 例如：查询缓存时设置名称，清理缓存时可以给定清理的缓存名称进行精准清理。
 func (md *Model) Cache(time int, name ... string) *Model {
-    model          := md.Clone()
+    model          := md.getModel()
    model.cacheTime = time
    if len(name) > 0 {
        model.cacheName = name[0]
@ -200,29 +236,35 @@ func (md *Model) Cache(time int, name ... string) *Model {
    return model
 }

-// 链式操作，操作数据记录项，可以是string/Map, 也可以是：key,value,key,value,...
-func (md *Model) Data(data ...interface{}) (*Model) {
-    model := md.Clone()
+// 链式操作，操作数据项，参数data类型支持 string/map/slice/struct/*struct ,
+// 也可以是：key,value,key,value,...。
+func (md *Model) Data(data ...interface{}) *Model {
+    model := md.getModel()
 	if len(data) > 1 {
 		m := make(map[string]interface{})
 		for i := 0; i < len(data); i += 2 {
-			m[gconv.String(data[i])] = data[i+1]
+			m[gconv.String(data[i])] = data[i + 1]
 		}
        model.data = m
 	} else {
-		switch data[0].(type) {
+		switch params := data[0].(type) {
+			case Result:
+				model.data = params.ToList()
+			case Record:
+				model.data = params.ToMap()
 			case List:
-                model.data = data[0]
+                model.data = params
 			case Map:
-                model.data = data[0]
+                model.data = params
 			default:
-                rv   := reflect.ValueOf(data[0])
+                rv   := reflect.ValueOf(params)
                kind := rv.Kind()
                if kind == reflect.Ptr {
                    rv   = rv.Elem()
                    kind = rv.Kind()
                }
                switch kind {
+                	// 如果是slice，那么转换为List类型
                    case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
                    case reflect.Array:
                        list := make(List, rv.Len())
@ -230,8 +272,9 @@ func (md *Model) Data(data ...interface{}) (*Model) {
                            list[i] = gconv.Map(rv.Index(i).Interface())
                        }
                        model.data = list
-                    case reflect.Map:
-                        model.data = gconv.Map(data[0])
+                    case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+                    case reflect.Struct:
+                        model.data = Map(gconv.Map(data[0]))
                    default:
                        model.data = data[0]
                }
@ -240,7 +283,9 @@ func (md *Model) Data(data ...interface{}) (*Model) {
 	return model
 }

-// 链式操作， CURD - Insert/BatchInsert
+// 链式操作， CURD - Insert/BatchInsert。
+// 根据Data方法传递的参数类型决定该操作是单条操作还是批量操作，
+// 如果Data方法传递的是slice类型，那么为批量操作。
 func (md *Model) Insert() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if err == nil {
@ -279,7 +324,9 @@ func (md *Model) Insert() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	return nil, errors.New("inserting into table with invalid data type")
 }

-// 链式操作， CURD - Replace/BatchReplace
+// 链式操作， CURD - Replace/BatchReplace。
+// 根据Data方法传递的参数类型决定该操作是单条操作还是批量操作，
+// 如果Data方法传递的是slice类型，那么为批量操作。
 func (md *Model) Replace() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if err == nil {
@ -318,7 +365,9 @@ func (md *Model) Replace() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	return nil, errors.New("replacing into table with invalid data type")
 }

-// 链式操作， CURD - Save/BatchSave
+// 链式操作， CURD - Save/BatchSave。
+// 根据Data方法传递的参数类型决定该操作是单条操作还是批量操作，
+// 如果Data方法传递的是slice类型，那么为批量操作。
 func (md *Model) Save() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if err == nil {
@ -330,7 +379,7 @@ func (md *Model) Save() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 	}
 	// 批量操作
 	if list, ok := md.data.(List); ok {
-		batch := 10
+		batch := gDEFAULT_BATCH_NUM
 		if md.batch > 0 {
 			batch = md.batch
 		}
@ -375,9 +424,9 @@ func (md *Model) Update() (result sql.Result, err error) {
        }
    }
 	if md.tx == nil {
-		return md.db.Update(md.tables, md.data, md.where, md.whereArgs ...)
+		return md.db.doUpdate(nil, md.tables, md.data, md.where, md.whereArgs ...)
 	} else {
-		return md.tx.Update(md.tables, md.data, md.where, md.whereArgs ...)
+		return md.tx.doUpdate(md.tables, md.data, md.where, md.whereArgs ...)
 	}
 }

@ -389,9 +438,9 @@ func (md *Model) Delete() (result sql.Result, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 	if md.tx == nil {
-		return md.db.Delete(md.tables, md.where, md.whereArgs...)
+		return md.db.doDelete(nil, md.tables, md.where, md.whereArgs...)
 	} else {
-		return md.tx.Delete(md.tables, md.where, md.whereArgs...)
+		return md.tx.doDelete(md.tables, md.where, md.whereArgs...)
 	}
 }

@ -429,13 +478,44 @@ func (md *Model) Value() (Value, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }

-// 链式操作，查询单条记录，并自动转换为struct对象
-func (md *Model) Struct(obj interface{}) error {
+// 链式操作，查询单条记录，并自动转换为struct对象, 参数必须为对象的指针，不能为空指针。
+func (md *Model) Struct(objPointer interface{}) error {
 	one, err := md.One()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return one.ToStruct(obj)
+	return one.ToStruct(objPointer)
+}
+
+// 链式操作，查询多条记录，并自动转换为指定的slice对象, 如: []struct/[]*struct。
+func (md *Model) Structs(objPointerSlice interface{}) error {
+	r, err := md.All()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return r.ToStructs(objPointerSlice)
+}
+
+// 链式操作，将结果转换为指定的struct/*struct/[]struct/[]*struct,
+// 参数应该为指针类型，否则返回失败。
+// 该方法自动识别参数类型，调用Struct/Structs方法。
+func (md *Model) Scan(objPointer interface{}) error {
+    t := reflect.TypeOf(objPointer)
+    k := t.Kind()
+    if k != reflect.Ptr {
+        return fmt.Errorf("params should be type of pointer, but got: %v", k)
+    }
+    k = t.Elem().Kind()
+    switch k {
+        case reflect.Array:
+        case reflect.Slice:
+            return md.Structs(objPointer)
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            return md.Struct(objPointer)
+        default:
+            return fmt.Errorf("element type should be type of struct/slice, unsupported: %v", k)
+    }
+    return nil
 }

 // 链式操作，查询数量，fields可以为空，也可以自定义查询字段，
@ -523,14 +603,13 @@ func (md *Model) getFormattedSql() string {
 	return s
 }

-// 组块结果集
-// @author ymrjqyy
-// @author 2018-08-15
+// 组块结果集。
 func (md *Model) Chunk(limit int, callback func(result Result, err error) bool) {
-	page := 1
+	page  := 1
+	model := md
 	for {
-		md.ForPage(page, limit)
-		data, err := md.getAll(md.getFormattedSql(), md.whereArgs...)
+        model      = model.ForPage(page, limit)
+		data, err := model.All()
 		if err != nil {
 			callback(nil, err)
 			break
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_mssql.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_mssql.go
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
    2.不支持save/replace方法
    3.不支持LastInsertId方法
 */
+
 package gdb

 import (
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_oracle.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_oracle.go
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
    2.不支持save/replace方法，可以调用这2个方法估计会报错，还没测试过,(应该是可以通过oracle的merge来实现这2个功能的，还没仔细研究)
    3.不支持LastInsertId方法
 */
+
 package gdb

 import (
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_structure.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_structure.go
@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 // If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
 // You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.

-
 package gdb

 import (
@ -85,8 +84,8 @@ func (bs *dbBase) getTableFields(table string) (fields map[string]string, err er
    // 缓存不存在时会查询数据表结构，缓存后不过期，直至程序重启(重新部署)
    v := bs.cache.GetOrSetFunc("table_fields_" + table, func() interface{} {
        result       := (Result)(nil)
-        charl, charr := bs.db.getChars()
-        result, err   = bs.GetAll(fmt.Sprintf(`SHOW COLUMNS FROM %s%s%s`, charl, table, charr))
+        charL, charR := bs.db.getChars()
+        result, err   = bs.GetAll(fmt.Sprintf(`SHOW COLUMNS FROM %s%s%s`, charL, table, charR))
        if err != nil {
            return nil
        }
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_transaction.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_transaction.go
@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ package gdb

 import (
    "database/sql"
+    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
    _ "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
+    "reflect"
 )

 // 数据库事务对象
@ -75,6 +77,37 @@ func (tx *TX) GetStruct(obj interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) erro
    return one.ToStruct(obj)
 }

+// 数据库查询，查询多条记录，并自动转换为指定的slice对象, 如: []struct/[]*struct。
+func (tx *TX) GetStructs(objPointerSlice interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
+    all, err := tx.GetAll(query, args...)
+    if err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    return all.ToStructs(objPointerSlice)
+}
+
+// 将结果转换为指定的struct/*struct/[]struct/[]*struct,
+// 参数应该为指针类型，否则返回失败。
+// 该方法自动识别参数类型，调用Struct/Structs方法。
+func (tx *TX) GetScan(objPointer interface{}, query string, args ...interface{}) error {
+    t := reflect.TypeOf(objPointer)
+    k := t.Kind()
+    if k != reflect.Ptr {
+        return fmt.Errorf("params should be type of pointer, but got: %v", k)
+    }
+    k = t.Elem().Kind()
+    switch k {
+        case reflect.Array:
+        case reflect.Slice:
+            return tx.db.GetStructs(objPointer, query, args ...)
+        case reflect.Struct:
+            return tx.db.GetStruct(objPointer, query, args ...)
+        default:
+            return fmt.Errorf("element type should be type of struct/slice, unsupported: %v", k)
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
 // 数据库查询，获取查询字段值
 func (tx *TX) GetValue(query string, args ...interface{}) (Value, error) {
    one, err := tx.GetOne(query, args ...)
@ -100,43 +133,57 @@ func (tx *TX) GetCount(query string, args ...interface{}) (int, error) {
 }

 // CURD操作:单条数据写入, 仅仅执行写入操作，如果存在冲突的主键或者唯一索引，那么报错返回
-func (tx *TX) Insert(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_INSERT)
+func (tx *TX) Insert(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_INSERT, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条
-func (tx *TX) Replace(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_REPLACE)
+func (tx *TX) Replace(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_REPLACE, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:单条数据写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据
-func (tx *TX) Save(table string, data Map) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_SAVE)
+func (tx *TX) Save(table string, data interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doInsert(tx.tx, table, data, OPTION_SAVE, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入
-func (tx *TX) BatchInsert(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, batch, OPTION_INSERT)
+func (tx *TX) BatchInsert(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, OPTION_INSERT, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么删除后重新写入一条
-func (tx *TX) BatchReplace(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, batch, OPTION_REPLACE)
+func (tx *TX) BatchReplace(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, OPTION_REPLACE, batch...)
 }

 // CURD操作:批量数据指定批次量写入, 如果数据存在(主键或者唯一索引)，那么更新，否则写入一条新数据
-func (tx *TX) BatchSave(table string, list List, batch int) (sql.Result, error) {
-    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, batch, OPTION_SAVE)
+func (tx *TX) BatchSave(table string, list interface{}, batch...int) (sql.Result, error) {
+    return tx.db.doBatchInsert(tx.tx, table, list, OPTION_SAVE, batch...)
 }

-// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理
-// data参数支持字符串或者关联数组类型，内部会自行做判断处理
+// CURD操作:数据更新，统一采用sql预处理,
+// data参数支持字符串或者关联数组类型，内部会自行做判断处理.
 func (tx *TX) Update(table string, data interface{}, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, args)
+    return tx.doUpdate(table, data, newWhere, newArgs ...)
+}
+
+// 与Update方法的区别是不处理条件参数
+func (tx *TX) doUpdate(table string, data interface{}, condition string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
    return tx.db.doUpdate(tx.tx, table, data, condition, args ...)
 }

 // CURD操作:删除数据
 func (tx *TX) Delete(table string, condition interface{}, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
+    newWhere, newArgs := formatCondition(condition, args)
+    return tx.doDelete(table, newWhere, newArgs ...)
+}
+
+// 与Delete方法的区别是不处理条件参数
+func (tx *TX) doDelete(table string, condition string, args ...interface{}) (sql.Result, error) {
    return tx.db.doDelete(tx.tx, table, condition, args ...)
 }

+
+
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_type_record.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_type_record.go
@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ func (r Record) ToMap() Map {
 }

 // 将Map变量映射到指定的struct对象中，注意参数应当是一个对象的指针
-func (r Record) ToStruct(obj interface{}) error {
-    m := make(map[string]interface{})
-    for k, v := range r {
-        m[k] = v.Val()
-    }
-    return gconv.Struct(m, obj)
+func (r Record) ToStruct(objPointer interface{}) error {
+    return gconv.Struct(r.ToMap(), objPointer)
 }
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_type_result.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_type_result.go
@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
 package gdb

 import (
+    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gparser"
+    "reflect"
 )

 // 将结果集转换为JSON字符串
@ -96,3 +98,30 @@ func (r Result) ToUintRecord(key string) map[uint]Record {
    }
    return m
 }
+
+// 将结果列表转换为指定对象的slice。
+func (r Result) ToStructs(objPointerSlice interface{}) error {
+    l := len(r)
+    if l == 0 {
+        return nil
+    }
+    t := reflect.TypeOf(objPointerSlice)
+    if t.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+        return fmt.Errorf("params should be type of pointer, but got: %v", t.Kind())
+    }
+    a := reflect.MakeSlice(t.Elem(), l, l)
+    itemType := a.Index(0).Type()
+    for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+        if itemType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+            e := reflect.New(itemType.Elem()).Elem()
+            r[i].ToStruct(e)
+            a.Index(i).Set(e.Addr())
+        } else {
+            e := reflect.New(itemType).Elem()
+            r[i].ToStruct(e)
+            a.Index(i).Set(e)
+        }
+    }
+    reflect.ValueOf(objPointerSlice).Elem().Set(a)
+    return nil
+}
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_0_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_0_test.go
@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package gdb_test
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/database/gdb"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
-)
-
-var (
-	// 数据库对象/接口
-	db gdb.DB
-)
-
-// 初始化连接参数。
-// 测试前需要修改连接参数。
-func init() {
-	gdb.AddDefaultConfigNode(gdb.ConfigNode{
-		Host:     "127.0.0.1",
-		Port:     "3306",
-		User:     "root",
-		Pass:     "",
-		Name:     "",
-		Type:     "mysql",
-		Role:     "master",
-		Charset:  "utf8",
-        Priority: 1,
-	})
-	if r, err := gdb.New(); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-	} else {
-		db = r
-	}
-	// 准备测试数据结构
-    if _, err := db.Exec("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `test` CHARACTER SET UTF8"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    db.SetSchema("test")
-    if _, err := db.Exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    if _, err := db.Exec(`
-    CREATE TABLE user (
-        id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
-        passport varchar(45) NOT NULL COMMENT '账号',
-        password char(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
-        nickname varchar(45) NOT NULL COMMENT '昵称',
-        create_time timestamp NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间/注册时间',
-        PRIMARY KEY (id)
-    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-    `); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-}
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_1_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_1_test.go
@ -1,177 +0,0 @@
-// 方法操作
-
-package gdb_test
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
-    "testing"
-)
-
-func TestDbBase_Query(t *testing.T) {
-    if _, err := db.Query("SELECT ?", 1); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    if _, err := db.Query("ERROR"); err == nil {
-        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Exec(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, err := db.Exec("SELECT ?", 1); err != nil {
-		gtest.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if _, err := db.Exec("ERROR"); err == nil {
-		gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Prepare(t *testing.T) {
-    st, err := db.Prepare("SELECT 100")
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    rows, err := st.Query()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    array, err := rows.Columns()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(array[0], "100")
-    if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Insert(t *testing.T) {
-    if _, err := db.Insert("user", g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t1",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T1",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_BatchInsert(t *testing.T) {
-    if r, err := db.BatchInsert("user", g.List {
-        {
-            "id"          : 2,
-            "passport"    : "t2",
-            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-            "nickname"    : "T2",
-            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-        },
-        {
-            "id"          : 3,
-            "passport"    : "t3",
-            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-            "nickname"    : "T3",
-            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-        },
-    }, 1); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        n, _ := r.RowsAffected()
-        gtest.Assert(n, 2)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Save(t *testing.T) {
-    if _, err := db.Save("user", g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t1",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T11",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Replace(t *testing.T) {
-    if _, err := db.Save("user", g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t1",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T111",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Update(t *testing.T) {
-    if result, err := db.Update("user", "create_time='2010-10-10 00:00:01'", "id=3"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_GetAll(t *testing.T) {
-    if result, err := db.GetAll("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 1); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_GetOne(t *testing.T) {
-    if record, err := db.GetOne("SELECT * FROM user WHERE passport=?", "t1"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        if record == nil {
-            gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
-        }
-        gtest.Assert(record["nickname"].String(), "T111")
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_GetValue(t *testing.T) {
-    if value, err := db.GetValue("SELECT id FROM user WHERE passport=?", "t3"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        gtest.Assert(value.Int(), 3)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_GetCount(t *testing.T) {
-    if count, err := db.GetCount("SELECT * FROM user"); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        gtest.Assert(count, 3)
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_GetStruct(t *testing.T) {
-    type User struct {
-        Id         int
-        Passport   string
-        Password   string
-        NickName   string
-        CreateTime gtime.Time
-    }
-    user := new(User)
-    if err := db.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
-    }
-}
-
-func TestDbBase_Delete(t *testing.T) {
-    if result, err := db.Delete("user", nil); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-        gtest.Assert(n, 3)
-    }
-}
-
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_2_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_2_test.go
@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-// 链式操作
-
-package gdb_test
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
-    "testing"
-)
-
-func TestModel_Insert(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Filter().Data(g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "uid"         : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t1",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T1",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }).Insert()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.LastInsertId()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Batch(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Filter().Data(g.List{
-        {
-            "id"          : 2,
-            "uid"         : 2,
-            "passport"    : "t2",
-            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-            "nickname"    : "T2",
-            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-        },
-        {
-            "id"          : 3,
-            "uid"         : 3,
-            "passport"    : "t3",
-            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-            "nickname"    : "T3",
-            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-        },
-    }).Batch(1).Insert()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 2)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Replace(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Data(g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t11",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T11",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }).Replace()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 2)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Save(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Data(g.Map{
-        "id"          : 1,
-        "passport"    : "t111",
-        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
-        "nickname"    : "T111",
-        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
-    }).Save()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 2)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Update(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Data("passport", "t22").Where("passport=?", "t2").Update()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Clone(t *testing.T) {
-    md := db.Table("user").Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1,3})
-    count, err := md.Count()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    record, err := md.OrderBy("id DESC").One()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    result, err := md.OrderBy("id ASC").All()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(count, 2)
-    gtest.Assert(record["id"].Int(), 3)
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 2)
-    gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
-    gtest.Assert(result[1]["id"].Int(), 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_All(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").All()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_One(t *testing.T) {
-    record, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 1).One()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    if record == nil {
-        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(record["nickname"].String(), "T111")
-}
-
-func TestModel_Value(t *testing.T) {
-    value, err := db.Table("user").Fields("nickname").Where("id", 1).Value()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    if value == nil {
-        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "T111")
-}
-
-func TestModel_Count(t *testing.T) {
-    count, err := db.Table("user").Count()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(count, 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Select(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Select()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Struct(t *testing.T) {
-    type User struct {
-        Id         int
-        Passport   string
-        Password   string
-        NickName   string
-        CreateTime gtime.Time
-    }
-    user := new(User)
-    err := db.Table("user").Where("id=1").Struct(user)
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(user.NickName, "T111")
-}
-
-func TestModel_OrderBy(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id DESC").Select()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
-    gtest.Assert(result[0]["nickname"].String(), "T3")
-}
-
-func TestModel_GroupBy(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").GroupBy("id").Select()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
-    gtest.Assert(result[0]["nickname"].String(), "T111")
-}
-
-func TestModel_Where1(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1,3}).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 2)
-    gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
-    gtest.Assert(result[1]["id"].Int(), 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Where2(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Where("nickname=? AND id IN(?)", "T3", g.Slice{1,3}).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
-    gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 3)
-}
-
-func TestModel_Delete(t *testing.T) {
-    result, err := db.Table("user").Delete()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
-    gtest.Assert(n, 3)
-}
-
-
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_init_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_init_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gdb_test
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/garray"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/database/gdb"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+	"os"
+)
+
+const (
+    // 初始化表数据量
+    INIT_DATA_SIZE = 10
+)
+
+var (
+	// 数据库对象/接口
+	db gdb.DB
+)
+
+// 初始化连接参数。
+// 测试前需要修改连接参数。
+func init() {
+	node := gdb.ConfigNode{
+		Host:     "127.0.0.1",
+		Port:     "3306",
+		User:     "root",
+		Pass:     "",
+		Name:     "",
+		Type:     "mysql",
+		Role:     "master",
+		Charset:  "utf8",
+		Priority: 1,
+	}
+	hostname, _ := os.Hostname()
+	// 本地测试hack
+	if hostname == "ijohn" {
+		node.Pass = "12345678"
+	}
+	gdb.AddConfigNode("test",                 node)
+	gdb.AddConfigNode(gdb.DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME, node)
+	if r, err := gdb.New(); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+	} else {
+		db = r
+	}
+	// 准备测试数据结构
+    if _, err := db.Exec("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `test` CHARACTER SET UTF8"); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    // 选择操作数据库
+    db.SetSchema("test")
+    // 创建默认用户表
+    createTable("user")
+}
+
+// 创建指定名称的user测试表，当table为空时，创建随机的表名。
+// 创建的测试表默认没有任何数据。
+// 执行完成后返回该表名。
+// TODO 支持更多数据库
+func createTable(table...string) (name string) {
+    if len(table) > 0 {
+        name = table[0]
+    } else {
+        name = fmt.Sprintf(`user_%d`, gtime.Nanosecond())
+    }
+    dropTable(name)
+    if _, err := db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`
+    CREATE TABLE %s (
+        id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
+        passport varchar(45) NOT NULL COMMENT '账号',
+        password char(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
+        nickname varchar(45) NOT NULL COMMENT '昵称',
+        create_time timestamp NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间/注册时间',
+        PRIMARY KEY (id)
+    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
+    `, name)); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    return
+}
+
+// 删除指定表.
+func dropTable(table string) {
+    if _, err := db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `%s`", table)); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+}
+
+// See createTable.
+// 创建测试表，并初始化默认数据。
+func createInitTable(table...string) (name string) {
+    name   = createTable(table...)
+    array := garray.New(true)
+    for i := 1; i <= INIT_DATA_SIZE; i++ {
+        array.Append(g.Map{
+            "id"          : i,
+            "passport"    : fmt.Sprintf(`t%d`, i),
+            "password"    : fmt.Sprintf(`p%d`, i),
+            "nickname"    : fmt.Sprintf(`T%d`, i),
+            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+        })
+    }
+    result, err := db.Table(name).Data(array.Slice()).Insert()
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+
+    n, e := result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(e, nil)
+    gtest.Assert(n, INIT_DATA_SIZE)
+    return
+}
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_method_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_method_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gdb_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+func TestDbBase_Ping(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        err1 := db.PingMaster()
+        err2 := db.PingSlave()
+        gtest.Assert(err1, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(err2, nil)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Query(t *testing.T) {
+    if _, err := db.Query("SELECT ?", 1); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    if _, err := db.Query("ERROR"); err == nil {
+        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Exec(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := db.Exec("SELECT ?", 1); err != nil {
+		gtest.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := db.Exec("ERROR"); err == nil {
+		gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Prepare(t *testing.T) {
+    st, err := db.Prepare("SELECT 100")
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    rows, err := st.Query()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    array, err := rows.Columns()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(array[0], "100")
+    if err := rows.Close(); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Insert(t *testing.T) {
+    if _, err := db.Insert("user", g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t1",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T1",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    // normal map
+    result, err := db.Insert("user", map[interface{}]interface{} {
+        "id"          : "2",
+        "passport"    : "t2",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T2",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    })
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+
+    // struct
+    type User struct {
+        Id         int    `gconv:"id"`
+        Passport   string `json:"passport"`
+        Password   string `gconv:"password"`
+        Nickname   string `gconv:"nickname"`
+        CreateTime string `json:"create_time"`
+    }
+    result, err = db.Insert("user", User{
+        Id          : 3,
+        Passport    : "t3",
+        Password    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        Nickname    : "T3",
+        CreateTime  : gtime.Now().String(),
+    })
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    value, err := db.GetValue("select `passport` from `user` where id=?", 3)
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "t3")
+
+    // *struct
+    result, err = db.Insert("user", &User{
+        Id          : 4,
+        Passport    : "t4",
+        Password    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        Nickname    : "T4",
+        CreateTime  : gtime.Now().String(),
+    })
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    value, err = db.GetValue("select `passport` from `user` where id=?", 4)
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "t4")
+
+    // batch with Insert
+    if r, err := db.Insert("user", []interface{} {
+        map[interface{}]interface{} {
+            "id"          : 200,
+            "passport"    : "t200",
+            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+            "nickname"    : "T200",
+            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+        },
+        map[interface{}]interface{} {
+            "id"          : 300,
+            "passport"    : "t300",
+            "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+            "nickname"    : "T300",
+            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+        },
+    }); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        n, _ := r.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+    }
+
+    // clear unnecessary data
+    result, err = db.Delete("user", "id>?", 1)
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 5)
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_BatchInsert(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        if r, err := db.BatchInsert("user", g.List {
+            {
+                "id"          : 2,
+                "passport"    : "t2",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T2",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+            {
+                "id"          : 3,
+                "passport"    : "t3",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T3",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+        }, 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            n, _ := r.RowsAffected()
+            gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+        }
+
+        result, err := db.Delete("user", "id>?", 1)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+
+        // []interface{}
+        if r, err := db.BatchInsert("user", []interface{} {
+            map[interface{}]interface{} {
+                "id"          : 2,
+                "passport"    : "t2",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T2",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+            map[interface{}]interface{} {
+                "id"          : 3,
+                "passport"    : "t3",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T3",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+        }, 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            n, _ := r.RowsAffected()
+            gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+        }
+    })
+    // batch insert map
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        table := createTable()
+        defer dropTable(table)
+        result, err := db.BatchInsert(table, g.Map{
+            "id"          : 1,
+            "passport"    : "t1",
+            "password"    : "p1",
+            "nickname"    : "T1",
+            "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+        })
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    })
+    // batch insert struct
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        table := createTable()
+        defer dropTable(table)
+
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int         `gconv:"id"`
+            Passport   string      `gconv:"passport"`
+            Password   string      `gconv:"password"`
+            NickName   string      `gconv:"nickname"`
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time `gconv:"create_time"`
+        }
+        user := &User{
+            Id          : 1,
+            Passport    : "t1",
+            Password    : "p1",
+            NickName    : "T1",
+            CreateTime  : gtime.Now(),
+        }
+        result, err := db.BatchInsert(table, user)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Save(t *testing.T) {
+    if _, err := db.Save("user", g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t1",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T11",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Replace(t *testing.T) {
+    if _, err := db.Save("user", g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t1",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T111",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Update(t *testing.T) {
+    if result, err := db.Update("user", "create_time='2010-10-10 00:00:01'", "id=3"); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetAll(t *testing.T) {
+    if result, err := db.GetAll("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 1); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetOne(t *testing.T) {
+    if record, err := db.GetOne("SELECT * FROM user WHERE passport=?", "t1"); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        if record == nil {
+            gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(record["nickname"].String(), "T111")
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetValue(t *testing.T) {
+    if value, err := db.GetValue("SELECT id FROM user WHERE passport=?", "t3"); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        gtest.Assert(value.Int(), 3)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetCount(t *testing.T) {
+    if count, err := db.GetCount("SELECT * FROM user"); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        gtest.Assert(count, 3)
+    }
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetStruct(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := db.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        }
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := db.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetStructs(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := db.GetStructs(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := db.GetStructs(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+    })
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_GetScan(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := db.GetScan(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        }
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := db.GetScan(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        }
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := db.GetScan(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := db.GetScan(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+    })
+}
+
+func TestDbBase_Delete(t *testing.T) {
+    if result, err := db.Delete("user", nil); err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    } else {
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 3)
+    }
+}
+
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_model_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_model_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gdb_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+// 基本测试
+func TestModel_Insert(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").Filter().Data(g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "uid"         : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t1",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T1",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }).Insert()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ := result.LastInsertId()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+
+    result, err = db.Table("user").Filter().Data(map[interface{}]interface{} {
+        "id"          : "2",
+        "uid"         : "2",
+        "passport"    : "t2",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T2",
+        "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }).Insert()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+
+    type User struct {
+        Id         int    `gconv:"id"`
+        Uid        int    `gconv:"uid"`
+        Passport   string `json:"passport"`
+        Password   string `gconv:"password"`
+        Nickname   string `gconv:"nickname"`
+        CreateTime string `json:"create_time"`
+    }
+    result, err = db.Table("user").Filter().Data(User{
+        Id          : 3,
+        Uid         : 3,
+        Passport    : "t3",
+        Password    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        Nickname    : "T3",
+        CreateTime  : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }).Insert()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    value, err := db.Table("user").Fields("passport").Where("id=3").Value()
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "t3")
+
+    result, err = db.Table("user").Filter().Data(&User{
+        Id          : 4,
+        Uid         : 4,
+        Passport    : "t4",
+        Password    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        Nickname    : "T4",
+        CreateTime  : gtime.Now().String(),
+    }).Insert()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    value, err = db.Table("user").Fields("passport").Where("id=4").Value()
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "t4")
+
+    result, err = db.Table("user").Where("id>?", 1).Delete()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ = result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 3)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Batch(t *testing.T) {
+    // batch insert
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Filter().Data(g.List{
+            {
+                "id"          : 2,
+                "uid"         : 2,
+                "passport"    : "t2",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T2",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+            {
+                "id"          : 3,
+                "uid"         : 3,
+                "passport"    : "t3",
+                "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+                "nickname"    : "T3",
+                "create_time" : gtime.Now().String(),
+            },
+        }).Batch(1).Insert()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+    })
+
+    // batch save
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        table := createInitTable()
+        defer dropTable(table)
+        result, err  := db.Table(table).All()
+        gtest.Assert(err,         nil)
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), INIT_DATA_SIZE)
+        for _, v := range result {
+            v["nickname"].Set(v["nickname"].String() + v["id"].String())
+        }
+        r, e := db.Table(table).Data(result).Save()
+        gtest.Assert(e, nil)
+        n, e := r.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(e, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(n, INIT_DATA_SIZE*2)
+    })
+
+    // batch replace
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        table := createInitTable()
+        defer dropTable(table)
+        result, err  := db.Table(table).All()
+        gtest.Assert(err,         nil)
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), INIT_DATA_SIZE)
+        for _, v := range result {
+            v["nickname"].Set(v["nickname"].String() + v["id"].String())
+        }
+        r, e := db.Table(table).Data(result).Replace()
+        gtest.Assert(e, nil)
+        n, e := r.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(e, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(n, INIT_DATA_SIZE*2)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_Replace(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").Data(g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t11",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T11",
+        "create_time" : "2018-10-10 00:01:10",
+    }).Replace()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Save(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").Data(g.Map{
+        "id"          : 1,
+        "passport"    : "t111",
+        "password"    : "25d55ad283aa400af464c76d713c07ad",
+        "nickname"    : "T111",
+        "create_time" : "2018-10-10 00:01:10",
+    }).Save()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 2)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Update(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Data("passport", "t22").Where("passport=?", "t2").Update()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Data("passport", "t2").Where("passport='t22'").Update()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+        gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_Clone(t *testing.T) {
+    md := db.Table("user").Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1,3})
+    count, err := md.Count()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    record, err := md.OrderBy("id DESC").One()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    result, err := md.OrderBy("id ASC").All()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(count,                 2)
+    gtest.Assert(record["id"].Int(),    3)
+    gtest.Assert(len(result),           2)
+    gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
+    gtest.Assert(result[1]["id"].Int(), 3)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Safe(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        md := db.Table("user").Safe(false).Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1,3})
+        count, err := md.Count()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(count, 2)
+        md.And("id = ?", 1)
+        count, err = md.Count()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(count, 1)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        md := db.Table("user").Safe(true).Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1,3})
+        count, err := md.Count()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(count, 2)
+        md.And("id = ?", 1)
+        count, err = md.Count()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(count, 2)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_All(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").All()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
+}
+
+func TestModel_One(t *testing.T) {
+    record, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 1).One()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    if record == nil {
+        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(record["nickname"].String(), "T111")
+}
+
+func TestModel_Value(t *testing.T) {
+    value, err := db.Table("user").Fields("nickname").Where("id", 1).Value()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    if value == nil {
+        gtest.Fatal("FAIL")
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(value.String(), "T111")
+}
+
+func TestModel_Count(t *testing.T) {
+    count, err := db.Table("user").Count()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(count, 3)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Select(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").Select()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
+}
+
+func TestModel_Struct(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        err := db.Table("user").Where("id=1").Struct(user)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        err := db.Table("user").Where("id=1").Struct(user)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_Structs(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id asc").Structs(&users)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []*User
+        err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id asc").Structs(&users)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_Scan(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        err := db.Table("user").Where("id=1").Scan(user)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        err := db.Table("user").Where("id=1").Scan(user)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id asc").Scan(&users)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []*User
+        err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id asc").Scan(&users)
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T111")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].CreateTime.String(), "2018-10-10 00:01:10")
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_OrderBy(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").OrderBy("id DESC").Select()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
+    gtest.Assert(result[0]["nickname"].String(), "T3")
+}
+
+func TestModel_GroupBy(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").GroupBy("id").Select()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    gtest.Assert(len(result), 3)
+    gtest.Assert(result[0]["nickname"].String(), "T111")
+}
+
+func TestModel_Where(t *testing.T) {
+    // string
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+       result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id=? and nickname=?", 3, "T3").One()
+       if err != nil {
+           gtest.Fatal(err)
+       }
+       gtest.AssertGT(len(result),      0)
+       gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 3).One()
+        if err != nil {
+           gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.AssertGT(len(result),      0)
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 3).Where("nickname", "T3").One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 3).And("nickname", "T3").One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 30).Or("nickname", "T3").One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 30).Or("nickname", "T3").And("id>?", 1).One()
+        gtest.Assert(err,                nil)
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id", 30).Or("nickname", "T3").And("id>", 1).One()
+        gtest.Assert(err,                nil)
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // map
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(g.Map{"id" : 3, "nickname" : "T3"}).One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // map key operator
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(g.Map{"id>" : 1, "id<" : 3}).One()
+        gtest.Assert(err,                nil)
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 2)
+    })
+    // complicated where 1
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        //db.SetDebug(true)
+        conditions := g.Map{
+           "nickname like ?"      : "%T%",
+           "id between ? and ?"   : g.Slice{1,3},
+           "id > 0"               : nil,
+           "create_time > 0"      : nil,
+           "id"                   : g.Slice{1,2,3},
+        }
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(conditions).OrderBy("id asc").All()
+        gtest.Assert(err,                   nil)
+        gtest.Assert(len(result),           3)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
+    })
+    // complicated where 2
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        //db.SetDebug(true)
+        conditions := g.Map{
+            "nickname like ?"      : "%T%",
+            "id between ? and ?"   : g.Slice{1,3},
+            "id >= ?"              : 1,
+            "create_time > ?"      : 0,
+            "id in(?)"             : g.Slice{1,2,3},
+        }
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(conditions).OrderBy("id asc").All()
+        gtest.Assert(err,                   nil)
+        gtest.Assert(len(result),           3)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
+    })
+    // struct
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Id       int    `json:"id"`
+            Nickname string `gconv:"nickname"`
+        }
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(User{3, "T3"}).One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+
+        result, err  = db.Table("user").Where(&User{3, "T3"}).One()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(result["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // slice single
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("id IN(?)", g.Slice{1, 3}).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), 2)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 1)
+        gtest.Assert(result[1]["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // slice + string
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where("nickname=? AND id IN(?)", "T3", g.Slice{1,3}).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // slice + map
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(g.Map{
+            "id"       : g.Slice{1,3},
+            "nickname" : "T3",
+        }).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+    // slice + struct
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        type User struct {
+            Ids      []int  `json:"id"`
+            Nickname string `gconv:"nickname"`
+        }
+        result, err := db.Table("user").Where(User{
+            Ids      : []int{1, 3},
+            Nickname : "T3",
+        }).OrderBy("id ASC").All()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(result), 1)
+        gtest.Assert(result[0]["id"].Int(), 3)
+    })
+}
+
+func TestModel_Delete(t *testing.T) {
+    result, err := db.Table("user").Delete()
+    if err != nil {
+        gtest.Fatal(err)
+    }
+    n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+    gtest.Assert(n, 3)
+}
+
+
--- a/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_transaction_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gdb/gdb_unit_transaction_test.go
@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-// 事务操作
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.

 package gdb_test

@ -267,6 +271,29 @@ func TestTX_Save(t *testing.T) {
    }
 }

+func TestTX_Update(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        if result, err := db.Update("user", "create_time='2010-10-10 00:00:01'", "id=3"); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            n, _ := result.RowsAffected()
+            gtest.Assert(n, 1)
+        }
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        if value, err := db.Table("user").Fields("create_time").Where("id", 3).Value(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        } else {
+            gtest.Assert(value.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 func TestTX_GetAll(t *testing.T) {
    tx, err := db.Begin()
    if err != nil {
@ -331,26 +358,215 @@ func TestTX_GetCount(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestTX_GetStruct(t *testing.T) {
-    tx, err := db.Begin()
-    if err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
-    type User struct {
-        Id         int
-        Passport   string
-        Password   string
-        NickName   string
-        CreateTime gtime.Time
-    }
-    user := new(User)
-    if err := tx.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 1); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    } else {
-        gtest.Assert(user.NickName, "T11")
-    }
-    if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
-        gtest.Fatal(err)
-    }
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := tx.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := tx.GetStruct(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+func TestTX_GetStructs(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := tx.GetStructs(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  4)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T11")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := tx.GetStructs(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  4)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T11")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+func TestTX_GetScan(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := tx.GetScan(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        user := new(User)
+        if err := tx.GetScan(user, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?", 3); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(user.NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(user.CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := tx.GetScan(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  4)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T11")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tx, err := db.Begin()
+        if err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        type User struct {
+            Id         int
+            Passport   string
+            Password   string
+            NickName   string
+            CreateTime *gtime.Time
+        }
+        var users []User
+        if err := tx.GetScan(&users, "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id>=?", 1); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+        gtest.Assert(len(users),  4)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].Id, 1)
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].Id, 2)
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].Id, 3)
+        gtest.Assert(users[0].NickName,            "T11")
+        gtest.Assert(users[1].NickName,            "T2")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].NickName,            "T3")
+        gtest.Assert(users[2].CreateTime.String(), "2010-10-10 00:00:01")
+        if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+            gtest.Fatal(err)
+        }
+    })
 }

 func TestTX_Delete(t *testing.T) {
--- a/g/database/gkafka/gkafka.go
+++ b/g/database/gkafka/gkafka.go
@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
-// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
-// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
-
-// Package gkafka provides producer and consumer client for kafka server.
-//
-// Kafka客户端.
-package gkafka
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/Shopify/sarama"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/johng-cn/sarama-cluster"
-    "strings"
-    "time"
-)
-
-var (
-    // 当使用Topics方法获取所有topic后，进行过滤忽略的topic，多个以','号分隔
-    ignoreTopics = map[string]bool {
-        "__consumer_offsets" : true,
-    }
-)
-
-// kafka Client based on sarama.Config
-type Config struct {
-    GroupId        string // group id for consumer.
-    Servers        string // server list, multiple servers joined by ','.
-    Topics         string // topic list, multiple topics joined by ','.
-    AutoMarkOffset bool   // auto mark message read after consumer message from server
-    sarama.Config
-}
-
-// Kafka Client(Consumer/SyncProducer/AsyncProducer)
-type Client struct {
-    Config        *Config
-    consumer      *cluster.Consumer
-    rawConsumer   sarama.Consumer
-    syncProducer  sarama.SyncProducer
-    asyncProducer sarama.AsyncProducer
-}
-
-// Kafka Message.
-type Message struct {
-    Value          []byte
-    Key            []byte
-    Topic          string
-    Partition      int
-    Offset         int
-    client         *Client
-    consumerMsg    *sarama.ConsumerMessage
-}
-
-
-// New a kafka client.
-func NewClient(config *Config) *Client {
-    return &Client {
-        Config : config,
-    }
-}
-
-// New a default configuration object.
-func NewConfig() *Config {
-    config       := &Config{}
-    config.Config = *sarama.NewConfig()
-
-    // default config for consumer
-    config.Consumer.Return.Errors          = true
-    config.Consumer.Offsets.Initial        = sarama.OffsetOldest
-    config.Consumer.Offsets.CommitInterval = 1 * time.Second
-
-    // default config for producer
-    config.Producer.Return.Errors          = true
-    config.Producer.Return.Successes       = true
-    config.Producer.Timeout                = 5 * time.Second
-
-    config.AutoMarkOffset                  = true
-    return config
-}
-
-// Close client.
-func (client *Client) Close() {
-    if client.rawConsumer != nil {
-        client.rawConsumer.Close()
-    }
-    if client.consumer != nil {
-        client.consumer.Close()
-    }
-    if client.syncProducer != nil {
-        client.syncProducer.Close()
-    }
-    if client.asyncProducer != nil {
-        client.asyncProducer.Close()
-    }
-}
-
-// Get all topics from kafka server.
-// 这里创建独立的消费客户端获取topics，获取完之后销毁该客户端对象。
-func (client *Client) Topics() ([]string, error) {
-    if c, err := sarama.NewConsumer(strings.Split(client.Config.Servers, ","), &client.Config.Config); err != nil {
-        return nil, err
-    } else {
-        if topics, err := c.Topics(); err == nil {
-            for k, v := range topics {
-                if _, ok := ignoreTopics[v]; ok {
-                    topics = append(topics[ : k], topics[k + 1 : ]...)
-                }
-            }
-            c.Close()
-            return topics, nil
-        } else {
-            return nil, err
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// 初始化内部消费客户端
-func (client *Client) initConsumer() error {
-    if client.consumer == nil {
-        config       := cluster.NewConfig()
-        config.Config = client.Config.Config
-        config.Group.Return.Notifications = false
-        c, err := cluster.NewConsumer(strings.Split(client.Config.Servers, ","), client.Config.GroupId, strings.Split(client.Config.Topics, ","), config)
-        if err != nil {
-            return err
-        } else {
-            client.consumer = c
-        }
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 标记指定topic 分区开始读取位置
-func (client *Client) MarkOffset(topic string, partition int, offset int, metadata...string) error {
-    if err := client.initConsumer(); err != nil {
-        return err
-    }
-    meta := ""
-    if len(metadata) > 0 {
-        meta = metadata[0]
-    }
-    client.consumer.MarkPartitionOffset(topic, int32(partition), int64(offset), meta)
-    return nil
-}
-
-
-// Receive message from kafka from specified topics in config, in BLOCKING way, gkafka will handle offset tracking automatically.
-func (client *Client) Receive() (*Message, error) {
-    if err := client.initConsumer(); err != nil {
-        return nil, err
-    }
-    errorsChan  := client.consumer.Errors()
-    notifyChan  := client.consumer.Notifications()
-    messageChan := client.consumer.Messages()
-    for {
-        select {
-            case msg := <- messageChan:
-                if client.Config.AutoMarkOffset {
-                    client.consumer.MarkOffset(msg, "")
-                }
-                return &Message {
-                    Value       : msg.Value,
-                    Key         : msg.Key,
-                    Topic       : msg.Topic,
-                    Partition   : int(msg.Partition),
-                    Offset      : int(msg.Offset),
-                    client      : client,
-                    consumerMsg : msg,
-                }, nil
-
-            case err := <-errorsChan:
-                if err != nil {
-                    return nil, err
-                }
-
-            case <-notifyChan:
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Send data to kafka in synchronized way.
-func (client *Client) SyncSend(message *Message) error {
-    if client.syncProducer == nil {
-        if p, err := sarama.NewSyncProducer(strings.Split(client.Config.Servers, ","), &client.Config.Config); err != nil {
-            return err
-        } else {
-            client.syncProducer = p
-        }
-    }
-    for _, topic := range strings.Split(client.Config.Topics, ",") {
-        msg := messageToProducerMessage(message)
-        msg.Topic = topic
-        if _, _, err := client.syncProducer.SendMessage(msg); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// Send data to kafka in asynchronized way(concurrent safe).
-func (client *Client) AsyncSend(message *Message) error {
-    if client.asyncProducer == nil {
-        if p, err := sarama.NewAsyncProducer(strings.Split(client.Config.Servers, ","), &client.Config.Config); err != nil {
-            return err
-        } else {
-            client.asyncProducer = p
-            go func(p sarama.AsyncProducer) {
-               errors  := p.Errors()
-               success := p.Successes()
-               for {
-                   select {
-                       case err := <-errors:
-                           if err != nil {
-                               glog.Error(err)
-                           }
-                       case <-success:
-                   }
-               }
-            }(client.asyncProducer)
-        }
-    }
-
-    for _, topic := range strings.Split(client.Config.Topics, ",") {
-        msg      := messageToProducerMessage(message)
-        msg.Topic = topic
-        client.asyncProducer.Input() <- msg
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// Convert *gkafka.Message to *sarama.ProducerMessage
-func messageToProducerMessage(message *Message) *sarama.ProducerMessage {
-    return &sarama.ProducerMessage {
-        Topic     : message.Topic,
-        Key       : sarama.ByteEncoder(message.Key),
-        Value     : sarama.ByteEncoder(message.Value),
-        Partition : int32(message.Partition),
-        Offset    : int64(message.Offset),
-    }
-}
--- a/g/database/gredis/gredis.go
+++ b/g/database/gredis/gredis.go
@ -11,30 +11,36 @@
 package gredis

 import (
-    "time"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gmap"
    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gmap"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/gomodule/redigo/redis"
+    "time"
 )

 const (
-    gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_IDLE      = 1
-    gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_ACTIVE    = 10
-    gDEFAULT_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT  = 180 * time.Second
-    gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_LIFE_TIME = 60  * time.Second
+    gDEFAULT_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT  = 60 * time.Second
+    gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_LIFE_TIME = 60 * time.Second
 )

-// Redis客户端
+// Redis客户端(管理连接池)
 type Redis struct {
-    pool *redis.Pool
+    pool   *redis.Pool
+    config Config
 }

+// Redis连接对象(连接池中的单个连接)
+type Conn redis.Conn
+
 // Redis服务端但节点连接配置信息
 type Config struct {
-    Host string // IP/域名
-    Port int    // 端口
-    Db   int    // db
-    Pass string // 密码
+    Host            string        // 地址
+    Port            int           // 端口
+    Db              int           // 数据库
+    Pass            string        // 授权密码
+    MaxIdle         int           // 最大允许空闲存在的连接数(默认为0表示不存在闲置连接)
+    MaxActive       int           // 最大连接数量限制(默认为0表示不限制)
+    IdleTimeout     time.Duration // 连接最大空闲时间(默认为60秒,不允许设置为0)
+    MaxConnLifetime time.Duration // 连接最长存活时间(默认为60秒,不允许设置为0)
 }

 // Redis链接池统计信息
@ -45,88 +51,122 @@ type PoolStats struct {
 // 连接池map
 var pools = gmap.NewStringInterfaceMap()

+// New creates a redis client object with given configuration.
+// Redis client maintains a connection pool automatically.
+//
 // 创建redis操作对象.
 func New(config Config) *Redis {
-    r       := &Redis{}
-    poolKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d,%d", config.Host, config.Port, config.Db)
-    if v := pools.Get(poolKey); v == nil {
-        pool := &redis.Pool {
-            MaxIdle         : gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_IDLE,
-            MaxActive       : gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_ACTIVE,
-            IdleTimeout     : gDEFAULT_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT,
-            MaxConnLifetime : gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_LIFE_TIME,
-            Dial            : func() (redis.Conn, error) {
-                c, err := redis.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", config.Host, config.Port))
-                if err != nil {
-                    return nil, err
-                }
-                if len(config.Pass) > 0 {
-                    if _, err := c.Do("AUTH", config.Pass); err != nil {
+    if config.IdleTimeout == 0 {
+        config.IdleTimeout = gDEFAULT_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT
+    }
+    if config.MaxConnLifetime == 0 {
+        config.MaxConnLifetime = gDEFAULT_POOL_MAX_LIFE_TIME
+    }
+    return &Redis{
+        config : config,
+        pool   : pools.GetOrSetFuncLock(fmt.Sprintf("%v", config), func() interface{} {
+            return &redis.Pool {
+                IdleTimeout     : config.IdleTimeout,
+                MaxConnLifetime : config.MaxConnLifetime,
+                Dial            : func() (redis.Conn, error) {
+                    c, err := redis.Dial("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", config.Host, config.Port))
+                    if err != nil {
                        return nil, err
                    }
-                }
-                if _, err := c.Do("SELECT", config.Db); err != nil {
-                    return nil, err
-                }
-                return c, nil
-            },
-            // 用来测试连接是否可用
-            TestOnBorrow: func(c redis.Conn, t time.Time) error {
-			    _, err := c.Do("PING")
-			    return err
-		    },
-        }
-        pools.Set(poolKey, pool)
-        r.pool = pool
-    } else {
-        r.pool = v.(*redis.Pool)
+                    // 密码设置
+                    if len(config.Pass) > 0 {
+                        if _, err := c.Do("AUTH", config.Pass); err != nil {
+                            return nil, err
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // 数据库设置
+                    if _, err := c.Do("SELECT", config.Db); err != nil {
+                        return nil, err
+                    }
+                    return c, nil
+                },
+                // 用来测试连接是否可用
+                TestOnBorrow: func(c redis.Conn, t time.Time) error {
+                    _, err := c.Do("PING")
+                    return err
+                },
+            }
+        }).(*redis.Pool),
    }
-    return r
 }

-// 关闭redis管理对象，将会关闭底层的
+// Close closes the redis connection pool,
+// it will release all connections reserved by this pool.
+//
+// 关闭redis管理对象，将会关闭底层的连接池。
 func (r *Redis) Close() error {
+    pools.Remove(fmt.Sprintf("%v", r.config))
    return r.pool.Close()
 }

-// 获得一个原生的redis连接对象，用于自定义连接操作，
-// 但是需要注意的是如果不再使用该连接对象时，需要手动Close连接，否则会造成连接数超限。
-func (r *Redis) GetConn() redis.Conn {
-    return r.pool.Get()
+// See GetConn.
+func (r *Redis) Conn() Conn {
+    return r.GetConn()
 }

+// GetConn returns a raw connection object,
+// which expose more methods communication with server.
+// **You should call Close function manually if you do not use this connection any further.**
+//
+// 获得一个原生的redis连接对象，用于自定义连接操作，
+// 但是需要注意的是如果不再使用该连接对象时，需要手动Close连接，否则会造成连接数超限。
+func (r *Redis) GetConn() Conn {
+    return r.pool.Get().(Conn)
+}
+
+// SetMaxIdle sets the MaxIdle attribute of the connection pool.
+//
 // 设置属性 - MaxIdle
 func (r *Redis) SetMaxIdle(value int) {
    r.pool.MaxIdle = value
 }

+// SetMaxIdle sets the MaxActive attribute of the connection pool.
+//
 // 设置属性 - MaxActive
 func (r *Redis) SetMaxActive(value int) {
    r.pool.MaxActive = value
 }

+// SetMaxIdle sets the IdleTimeout attribute of the connection pool.
+//
 // 设置属性 - IdleTimeout
 func (r *Redis) SetIdleTimeout(value time.Duration) {
    r.pool.IdleTimeout = value
 }

+// SetMaxIdle sets the MaxConnLifetime attribute of the connection pool.
+//
 // 设置属性 - MaxConnLifetime
 func (r *Redis) SetMaxConnLifetime(value time.Duration) {
    r.pool.MaxConnLifetime = value
 }

-// 获取当前连接池统计信息
+// Stats returns pool's statistics.
+//
+// 获取当前连接池统计信息。
 func (r *Redis) Stats() *PoolStats {
    return &PoolStats{r.pool.Stats()}
 }

-// 执行同步命令 - Do
+// Do sends a command to the server and returns the received reply.
+// Do automatically get a connection from pool, and close it when reply received.
+//
+// 执行同步命令，自动从连接池中获取连接，使用完毕后关闭连接（丢回连接池），开发者不用自行Close.
 func (r *Redis) Do(command string, args ...interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
    conn := r.pool.Get()
    defer conn.Close()
    return conn.Do(command, args...)
 }

+// Deprecated.
+// Send writes the command to the client's output buffer.
+//
 // 执行异步命令 - Send
 func (r *Redis) Send(command string, args ...interface{}) error {
    conn := r.pool.Get()
--- a/g/database/gredis/gredis_unit_test.go
+++ b/g/database/gredis/gredis_unit_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gredis_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/database/gredis"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+    "time"
+)
+
+var (
+    config = gredis.Config{
+        Host : "127.0.0.1",
+        Port : 6379,
+        Db   : 1,
+    }
+)
+
+func Test_NewClose(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        redis := gredis.New(config)
+        gtest.AssertNE(redis, nil)
+        err := redis.Close()
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    })
+}
+
+func Test_Do(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        redis := gredis.New(config)
+        defer redis.Close()
+        _, err := redis.Do("SET", "k", "v")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+
+        r, err := redis.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r, []byte("v"))
+
+        _, err  = redis.Do("DEL", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        r, err  = redis.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r, nil)
+    })
+}
+
+func Test_Send(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        redis := gredis.New(config)
+        defer redis.Close()
+        err := redis.Send("SET", "k", "v")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+
+        r, err := redis.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r,   []byte("v"))
+    })
+}
+
+func Test_Stats(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        redis := gredis.New(config)
+        defer redis.Close()
+        redis.SetMaxIdle(2)
+        redis.SetMaxActive(100)
+        redis.SetIdleTimeout(500*time.Millisecond)
+        redis.SetMaxConnLifetime(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+        array := make([]gredis.Conn, 0)
+        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+            array = append(array, redis.Conn())
+        }
+        stats := redis.Stats()
+        gtest.Assert(stats.ActiveCount, 10)
+        gtest.Assert(stats.IdleCount,    0)
+        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+            array[i].Close()
+        }
+        stats  = redis.Stats()
+        gtest.Assert(stats.ActiveCount,  2)
+        gtest.Assert(stats.IdleCount,    2)
+        //time.Sleep(3000*time.Millisecond)
+        //stats  = redis.Stats()
+        //fmt.Println(stats)
+        //gtest.Assert(stats.ActiveCount,  0)
+        //gtest.Assert(stats.IdleCount,    0)
+    })
+}
+
+func Test_Conn(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        redis := gredis.New(config)
+        defer redis.Close()
+        conn := redis.Conn()
+        defer conn.Close()
+
+        r, err := conn.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r,   []byte("v"))
+
+        _, err  = conn.Do("DEL", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        r, err  = conn.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r, nil)
+    })
+}
--- a/g/encoding/gjson/gjson.go
+++ b/g/encoding/gjson/gjson.go
@ -8,21 +8,21 @@
 package gjson

 import (
-    "errors"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
-    "strings"
-    "strconv"
-    "io/ioutil"
    "encoding/json"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gtoml"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gxml"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gyaml"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gtoml"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
-    "time"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/rwmutex"
-    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfcache"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+    "reflect"
+    "strconv"
+    "strings"
+    "time"
 )

 const (
@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ func NewUnsafe(value...interface{}) *Json {
    return New(nil, true)
 }

+// 识别当前给定内容是否为JSON格式
+func Valid (v interface{}) bool {
+    return json.Valid(gconv.Bytes(v))
+}
+
 // 编码go变量为json字符串，并返回json字符串指针
 func Encode (v interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
    return json.Marshal(v)
@ -110,11 +115,7 @@ func DecodeToJson (b []byte) (*Json, error) {

 // 支持多种配置文件类型转换为json格式内容并解析为gjson.Json对象
 func Load (path string) (*Json, error) {
-    data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
-    if err != nil {
-        return nil, err
-    }
-    return LoadContent(data, gfile.Ext(path))
+    return LoadContent(gfcache.GetBinContents(path), gfile.Ext(path))
 }

 // 支持的配置文件格式：xml, json, yaml/yml, toml,
@ -485,16 +486,28 @@ done:
 // 数据结构转换，map参数必须转换为map[string]interface{}，数组参数必须转换为[]interface{}
 func (j *Json) convertValue(value interface{}) interface{} {
    switch value.(type) {
-    case map[string]interface{}:
-        return value
-    case []interface{}:
-        return value
-    default:
-        // 这里效率会比较低，当然比直接用反射也不会差到哪儿去
-        // 为了操作的灵活性，牺牲了一定的效率
-        b, _ := Encode(value)
-        v, _ := Decode(b)
-        return v
+        case map[string]interface{}:
+            return value
+        case []interface{}:
+            return value
+        default:
+            rv   := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+            kind := rv.Kind()
+            if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+                rv   = rv.Elem()
+                kind = rv.Kind()
+            }
+            switch kind {
+                case reflect.Array:  return gconv.Interfaces(value)
+                case reflect.Slice:  return gconv.Interfaces(value)
+                case reflect.Map:    return gconv.Map(value)
+                case reflect.Struct: return gconv.Map(value)
+                default:
+                    // 最后使用JSON编解码
+                    b, _ := Encode(value)
+                    v, _ := Decode(b)
+                    return v
+            }
    }
 }

@ -502,23 +515,23 @@ func (j *Json) convertValue(value interface{}) interface{} {
 // 返回修改后的父级指针
 func (j *Json) setPointerWithValue(pointer *interface{}, key string, value interface{}) *interface{} {
    switch (*pointer).(type) {
-    case map[string]interface{}:
-        (*pointer).(map[string]interface{})[key] = value
-        return &value
-    case []interface{}:
-        n, _ := strconv.Atoi(key)
-        if len((*pointer).([]interface{})) > n {
-            (*pointer).([]interface{})[n] = value
-            return &(*pointer).([]interface{})[n]
-        } else {
-            s := make([]interface{}, n + 1)
-            copy(s, (*pointer).([]interface{}))
-            s[n] = value
-            *pointer = s
-            return &s[n]
-        }
-    default:
-        *pointer = value
+        case map[string]interface{}:
+            (*pointer).(map[string]interface{})[key] = value
+            return &value
+        case []interface{}:
+            n, _ := strconv.Atoi(key)
+            if len((*pointer).([]interface{})) > n {
+                (*pointer).([]interface{})[n] = value
+                return &(*pointer).([]interface{})[n]
+            } else {
+                s := make([]interface{}, n + 1)
+                copy(s, (*pointer).([]interface{}))
+                s[n] = value
+                *pointer = s
+                return &s[n]
+            }
+        default:
+            *pointer = value
    }
    return pointer
 }
@ -538,7 +551,7 @@ func (j *Json) Get(pattern...string) interface{} {
    if j.vc {
        result = j.getPointerByPattern(queryPattern)
    } else {
-        result = j.getPointerByPatternWithoutSplitCharViolenceCheck(queryPattern)
+        result = j.getPointerByPatternWithoutViolenceCheck(queryPattern)
    }
    if result != nil {
        return *result
@ -546,17 +559,23 @@ func (j *Json) Get(pattern...string) interface{} {
    return nil
 }

-// 计算指定pattern的元素长度(pattern对应数据类型为map[string]interface{}/[]interface{}时有效)
+// 判断锁给定pattern是否数据存在
+func (j *Json) Contains(pattern...string) bool {
+    return j.Get(pattern...) != nil
+}
+
+// 计算指定pattern的元素长度(pattern对应数据类型为map/slice时有效)。
+// 当pattern对应的数据类型非map/slice时，返回-1。
 func (j *Json) Len(pattern string) int {
    p := j.getPointerByPattern(pattern)
    if p != nil {
        switch (*p).(type) {
-        case map[string]interface{}:
-            return len((*p).(map[string]interface{}))
-        case []interface{}:
-            return len((*p).([]interface{}))
-        default:
-            return -1
+            case map[string]interface{}:
+                return len((*p).(map[string]interface{}))
+            case []interface{}:
+                return len((*p).([]interface{}))
+            default:
+                return -1
        }
    }
    return -1
@ -564,14 +583,27 @@ func (j *Json) Len(pattern string) int {

 // 指定pattern追加元素
 func (j *Json) Append(pattern string, value interface{}) error {
-    length := j.Len(pattern)
-    if length != -1 {
-        return j.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", pattern, length), value)
+    p := j.getPointerByPattern(pattern)
+    if p == nil {
+        return j.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%s.0", pattern), value)
    }
-    return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("cannot find item for pattern: %s", pattern))
+    switch (*p).(type) {
+        case []interface{}:
+            return j.Set(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", pattern, len((*p).([]interface{}))), value)
+    }
+    return fmt.Errorf("invalid variable type of %s", pattern)
 }

-// 根据pattern层级查找**变量指针**
+// 根据pattern获取对应元素项的指针
+func (j *Json) getPointerByPattern(pattern string) *interface{} {
+    if j.vc {
+        return j.getPointerByPatternWithViolenceCheck(pattern)
+    } else {
+        return j.getPointerByPatternWithoutViolenceCheck(pattern)
+    }
+}
+
+// 根据pattern层级查找**变量指针**, 执行冲突检测。
 // 检索方式：例如检索 a.a.a ，值为1
 // 1. 检索 a.a.a.a 是否存在对应map的键名；
 // 2. 检索 a.a.a   是否存在对应map的键名；
@ -583,7 +615,10 @@ func (j *Json) Append(pattern string, value interface{}) error {
 // 8. 在m2中检索 a.a   否存在对应map的键名；
 // 9. 在m2中检索 a     否存在对应map的键名，检索到有值，值为1；
 // 这样检索的复杂度很高，主要是为了避免键名中存在分隔符号(默认为".")的情况，避免歧义。
-func (j *Json) getPointerByPattern(pattern string) *interface{} {
+func (j *Json) getPointerByPatternWithViolenceCheck(pattern string) *interface{} {
+    if !j.vc {
+        return j.getPointerByPatternWithoutViolenceCheck(pattern)
+    }
    index   := len(pattern)
    start   := 0
    length  := 0
@ -619,7 +654,10 @@ func (j *Json) getPointerByPattern(pattern string) *interface{} {
 }

 // 层级检索，内部不执行分隔符冲突检查，检索效率会有所提高，但是冲突需要开发者自己根据自定义的分隔符来进行解决
-func (j *Json) getPointerByPatternWithoutSplitCharViolenceCheck(pattern string) *interface{} {
+func (j *Json) getPointerByPatternWithoutViolenceCheck(pattern string) *interface{} {
+    if j.vc {
+        return j.getPointerByPatternWithViolenceCheck(pattern)
+    }
    pointer := j.p
    if len(pattern) == 0 {
        return pointer
@ -639,21 +677,21 @@ func (j *Json) getPointerByPatternWithoutSplitCharViolenceCheck(pattern string)
    return nil
 }

-// 判断给定的key在当前的pointer下是否有值，并返回对应的pointer
+// 判断给定的key在当前的pointer下是否有值，并返回对应的pointer,
 // 注意这里返回的指针都是临时变量的内存地址
 func (j *Json) checkPatternByPointer(key string, pointer *interface{}) *interface{} {
    switch (*pointer).(type) {
-    case map[string]interface{}:
-        if v, ok := (*pointer).(map[string]interface{})[key]; ok {
-            return &v
-        }
-    case []interface{}:
-        if gstr.IsNumeric(key) {
-            n, err := strconv.Atoi(key)
-            if err == nil && len((*pointer).([]interface{})) > n {
-                return &(*pointer).([]interface{})[n]
+        case map[string]interface{}:
+            if v, ok := (*pointer).(map[string]interface{})[key]; ok {
+                return &v
+            }
+        case []interface{}:
+            if gstr.IsNumeric(key) {
+                n, err := strconv.Atoi(key)
+                if err == nil && len((*pointer).([]interface{})) > n {
+                    return &(*pointer).([]interface{})[n]
+                }
            }
-        }
    }
    return nil
 }
--- a/g/encoding/gjson/gjson_bench_test.go
+++ b/g/encoding/gjson/gjson_bench_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gjson_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gjson"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+func Benchmark_Set1(b *testing.B) {
+    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+        p := gjson.New(map[string]string{
+            "k1" : "v1",
+            "k2" : "v2",
+        })
+        p.Set("k1.k11", []int{1,2,3})
+    }
+}
+
+func Benchmark_Set2(b *testing.B) {
+    for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+        p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+        p.Set("0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0", []int{1,2,3})
+    }
+}
+
--- a/g/encoding/gjson/gjson_unit_test.go
+++ b/g/encoding/gjson/gjson_unit_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gjson_test
+
+import (
+    "bytes"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gjson"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+func Test_Set1(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"k1":{"k11":[1,2,3]},"k2":"v2"}`)
+    p := gjson.New(map[string]string{
+        "k1" : "v1",
+        "k2" : "v2",
+    })
+    p.Set("k1.k11", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, []byte(`{"k1":{"k11":[1,2,3]},"k2":"v2"}`)) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set2(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`[[null,1]]`)
+    p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+    p.Set("0.1", 1)
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set3(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"kv":{"k1":"v1"}}`)
+    p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+    p.Set("kv", map[string]string {
+        "k1" : "v1",
+    })
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set4(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`["a",[{"k1":"v1"}]]`)
+    p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+    p.Set("1.0", map[string]string{
+        "k1" : "v1",
+    })
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set5(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[1,2,3]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]`)
+    p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+    p.Set("0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set6(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`["a",[1,2,3]]`)
+    p := gjson.New([]string{"a"})
+    p.Set("1", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set7(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"0":[null,[1,2,3]],"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`)
+    p := gjson.New(map[string]string{
+        "k1" : "v1",
+        "k2" : "v2",
+    })
+    p.Set("0.1", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set8(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"0":[[[[[[null,[1,2,3]]]]]]],"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"}`)
+    p := gjson.New(map[string]string{
+        "k1" : "v1",
+        "k2" : "v2",
+    })
+    p.Set("0.0.0.0.0.0.1", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set9(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"k1":[null,[1,2,3]],"k2":"v2"}`)
+    p := gjson.New(map[string]string{
+        "k1" : "v1",
+        "k2" : "v2",
+    })
+    p.Set("k1.1", []int{1,2,3})
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+
+func Test_Set10(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"a":{"b":{"c":1}}}`)
+    p := gjson.New(nil)
+    p.Set("a.b.c", 1)
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+
+func Test_Set11(t *testing.T) {
+    e    := []byte(`{"a":{"b":{}}}`)
+    p, _ := gjson.LoadContent([]byte(`{"a":{"b":{"c":1}}}`), "json")
+    p.Remove("a.b.c")
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set12(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`[0,1]`)
+    p := gjson.New(nil)
+    p.Set("0", 0)
+    p.Set("1", 1)
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set13(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"array":[0,1]}`)
+    p := gjson.New(nil)
+    p.Set("array.0", 0)
+    p.Set("array.1", 1)
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Set14(t *testing.T) {
+    e := []byte(`{"f":{"a":1}}`)
+    p := gjson.New(nil)
+    p.Set("f",   "m")
+    p.Set("f.a", 1)
+    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
+        
+        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
+            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
+        }
+    } else {
+        t.Error(err)
+    }
+}
+
+func Test_Len(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Append("a", 1)
+        p.Append("a", 2)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Len("a"), 2)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Append("a.b", 1)
+        p.Append("a.c", 2)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Len("a"), 2)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Set("a", 1)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Len("a"), -1)
+    })
+}
+
+func Test_Append(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Append("a", 1)
+        p.Append("a", 2)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Get("a"), g.Slice{1, 2})
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Append("a.b", 1)
+        p.Append("a.c", 2)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Get("a"), g.Map{
+            "b" : g.Slice{1},
+            "c" : g.Slice{2},
+        })
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        p := gjson.New(nil)
+        p.Set("a", 1)
+        err := p.Append("a", 2)
+        gtest.AssertNE(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(p.Get("a"), 1)
+    })
+}
+
+
+
--- a/g/encoding/gparser/gparser_test.go
+++ b/g/encoding/gparser/gparser_test.go
@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ package gparser_test

 import (
    "bytes"
-    "testing"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gparser"
-    "fmt"
+    "testing"
 )

 func Test_Set1(t *testing.T) {
@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ func Test_Set1(t *testing.T) {
    })
    p.Set("k1.k11", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, []byte(`{"k1":{"k11":[1,2,3]},"k2":"v2"}`)) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ func Test_Set2(t *testing.T) {
    p := gparser.New([]string{"a"})
    p.Set("0.1", 1)
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ func Test_Set3(t *testing.T) {
        "k1" : "v1",
    })
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ func Test_Set4(t *testing.T) {
        "k1" : "v1",
    })
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ func Test_Set5(t *testing.T) {
    p := gparser.New([]string{"a"})
    p.Set("0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ func Test_Set6(t *testing.T) {
    p := gparser.New([]string{"a"})
    p.Set("1", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ func Test_Set7(t *testing.T) {
    })
    p.Set("0.1", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ func Test_Set8(t *testing.T) {
    })
    p.Set("0.0.0.0.0.0.1", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ func Test_Set9(t *testing.T) {
    })
    p.Set("k1.1", []int{1,2,3})
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -163,7 +162,7 @@ func Test_Set10(t *testing.T) {
    p := gparser.New(nil)
    p.Set("a.b.c", 1)
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ func Test_Set11(t *testing.T) {
    p, _ := gparser.LoadContent([]byte(`{"a":{"b":{"c":1}}}`), "json")
    p.Remove("a.b.c")
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ func Test_Set12(t *testing.T) {
    p.Set("0", 0)
    p.Set("1", 1)
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func Test_Set13(t *testing.T) {
    p.Set("array.0", 0)
    p.Set("array.1", 1)
    if c, err := p.ToJson(); err == nil {
-        fmt.Println(string(c))
+        
        if bytes.Compare(c, e) != 0 {
            t.Error("expect:", string(e))
        }
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins.go
@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ import (
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfsnotify"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gview"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "time"
 )

 const (
@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ func View(name...string) *gview.View {
    }
    key := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", gFRAME_CORE_COMPONENT_NAME_VIEW, group)
    return instances.GetOrSetFuncLock(key, func() interface{} {
-        path := cmdenv.Get("gf.gview.path", gfile.SelfDir()).String()
+        path := cmdenv.Get("gf.gview.path", gfile.Pwd()).String()
        view := gview.New(path)
        // 添加基于源码的搜索目录检索地址，常用于开发环境调试，只添加入口文件目录
        if p := gfile.MainPkgPath(); p != "" && gfile.Exists(p) {
@ -94,11 +96,22 @@ func Config(file...string) *gcfg.Config {
    }
    return instances.GetOrSetFuncLock(fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", gFRAME_CORE_COMPONENT_NAME_CONFIG, configFile),
        func() interface{} {
-            path   := cmdenv.Get("gf.gcfg.path", gfile.SelfDir()).String()
-            config := gcfg.New(path, configFile)
-            // 添加基于源码的搜索目录检索地址，常用于开发环境调试，只添加入口文件目录
-            if p := gfile.MainPkgPath(); p != "" && gfile.Exists(p) {
-                config.AddPath(p)
+            pwdPath  := gfile.Pwd()
+            envPath  := cmdenv.Get("gf.gcfg.path").String()
+            selfPath := gfile.SelfDir()
+            mainPath := gfile.MainPkgPath()
+            config   := gcfg.New(pwdPath, configFile)
+            // 自定义的环境变量/启动参数路径，优先级最高，覆盖默认的工作目录
+            if envPath != "" && gfile.Exists(envPath) {
+                config.SetPath(envPath)
+            }
+            // 二进制文件执行目录
+            if selfPath != "" && gfile.Exists(selfPath) {
+                config.AddPath(selfPath)
+            }
+            // 开发环境源码main包目录
+            if mainPath != "" && gfile.Exists(mainPath) {
+                config.AddPath(mainPath)
            }
            return config
    }).(*gcfg.Config)
@ -152,18 +165,34 @@ func Database(name...string) gdb.DB {
                        if value, ok := nodem["priority"]; ok {
                            node.Priority = gconv.Int(value)
                        }
+                        // Deprecated
                        if value, ok := nodem["linkinfo"]; ok {
                            node.Linkinfo = gconv.String(value)
                        }
+                        if value, ok := nodem["linkInfo"]; ok {
+                            node.Linkinfo = gconv.String(value)
+                        }
+                        // Deprecated
                        if value, ok := nodem["max-idle"]; ok {
                            node.MaxIdleConnCount = gconv.Int(value)
                        }
+                        if value, ok := nodem["maxIdle"]; ok {
+                            node.MaxIdleConnCount = gconv.Int(value)
+                        }
+                        // Deprecated
                        if value, ok := nodem["max-open"]; ok {
                            node.MaxOpenConnCount = gconv.Int(value)
                        }
+                        if value, ok := nodem["maxOpen"]; ok {
+                            node.MaxOpenConnCount = gconv.Int(value)
+                        }
+                        // Deprecated
                        if value, ok := nodem["max-lifetime"]; ok {
                            node.MaxConnLifetime = gconv.Int(value)
                        }
+                        if value, ok := nodem["maxLifetime"]; ok {
+                            node.MaxConnLifetime = gconv.Int(value)
+                        }
                        cg = append(cg, node)
                    }
                }
@ -197,11 +226,34 @@ func Redis(name...string) *gredis.Redis {
    key    := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", gFRAME_CORE_COMPONENT_NAME_REDIS, group)
    result := instances.GetOrSetFuncLock(key, func() interface{} {
        if m := config.GetMap("redis"); m != nil {
-            // host:port[,db[,pass]]
+            // host:port[,db,pass?maxIdle=x&maxActive=x&idleTimeout=x&maxConnLifetime=x]
            if v, ok := m[group]; ok {
-                line     := gconv.String(v)
-                array, _ := gregex.MatchString(`(.+):(\d+),{0,1}(\d*),{0,1}(.*)`, line)
-                if len(array) > 4 {
+                line := gconv.String(v)
+                array, _ := gregex.MatchString(`(.+):(\d+),{0,1}(\d*),{0,1}(.*)\?(.+)`, line)
+                if len(array) == 6 {
+                    parse, _ := gstr.Parse(array[5])
+                    config   := gredis.Config{
+                        Host : array[1],
+                        Port : gconv.Int(array[2]),
+                        Db   : gconv.Int(array[3]),
+                        Pass : array[4],
+                    }
+                    if v, ok := parse["maxIdle"]; ok {
+                        config.MaxIdle = gconv.Int(v)
+                    }
+                    if v, ok := parse["maxActive"]; ok {
+                        config.MaxActive = gconv.Int(v)
+                    }
+                    if v, ok := parse["idleTimeout"]; ok {
+                        config.IdleTimeout = gconv.TimeDuration(v)*time.Second
+                    }
+                    if v, ok := parse["maxConnLifetime"]; ok {
+                        config.MaxConnLifetime = gconv.TimeDuration(v)*time.Second
+                    }
+                    return gredis.New(config)
+                }
+                array, _ = gregex.MatchString(`(.+):(\d+),{0,1}(\d*),{0,1}(.*)`, line)
+                if len(array) == 5 {
                    return gredis.New(gredis.Config{
                        Host : array[1],
                        Port : gconv.Int(array[2]),
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins_basic_test.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins_basic_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gins_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gins"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+func Test_SetGet(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gins.Set("test-user", 1)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-user"),   1)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("none-exists"), nil)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.Assert(gins.GetOrSet("test-1", 1), 1)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-1"), 1)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.Assert(gins.GetOrSetFunc("test-2", func() interface{} {
+            return 2
+        }), 2)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-2"), 2)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.Assert(gins.GetOrSetFuncLock("test-3", func() interface{} {
+            return 3
+        }), 3)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-3"), 3)
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.Assert(gins.SetIfNotExist("test-4", 4), true)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-4"), 4)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.SetIfNotExist("test-4", 5), false)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Get("test-4"), 4)
+    })
+}
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins_config_test.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins_config_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gins_test
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gins"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+    "time"
+)
+
+func Test_Config(t *testing.T) {
+    config := `
+# 模板引擎目录
+viewpath = "/home/www/templates/"
+test = "v=1"
+# MySQL数据库配置
+[database]
+    [[database.default]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = ""
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+    [[database.default]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = "8692651"
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+# Redis数据库配置
+[redis]
+    disk  = "127.0.0.1:6379,0"
+    cache = "127.0.0.1:6379,1"
+`
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.AssertNE(gins.Config(), nil)
+    })
+    // relative path
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := "config.toml"
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(path)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("test"), "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    // relative path, config folder
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := "config/config.toml"
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(path)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("test"), "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := "test.toml"
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(path)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("test"), "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := "config/test.toml"
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(path)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("test"), "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+
+    // absolute path
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%d`, gfile.TempDir(), gtime.Nanosecond())
+        file := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, path, "config.toml")
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(file, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(file)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().AddPath(path), nil)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("test"),   "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%d/config`, gfile.TempDir(), gtime.Nanosecond())
+        file := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, path, "config.toml")
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(file, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(file)
+        defer gins.Config().Reload()
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().AddPath(path), nil)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("test"),   "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config().Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%d`, gfile.TempDir(), gtime.Nanosecond())
+        file := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, path, "test.toml")
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(file, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(file)
+        defer gins.Config("test.toml").Reload()
+
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").AddPath(path), nil)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("test"),   "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%d/config`, gfile.TempDir(), gtime.Nanosecond())
+        file := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, path, "test.toml")
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(file, config)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(file)
+        defer gins.Config("test.toml").Reload()
+
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").AddPath(path), nil)
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("test"),   "v=1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("database.default.1.host"), "127.0.0.1")
+        gtest.Assert(gins.Config("test.toml").Get("redis.disk"), "127.0.0.1:6379,0")
+    })
+}
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins_database_test.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins_database_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gins_test
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gins"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+    "time"
+)
+
+func Test_Database(t *testing.T) {
+    config := `
+# 模板引擎目录
+viewpath = "/home/www/templates/"
+test = "v=2"
+# MySQL数据库配置
+[database]
+    [[database.default]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = ""
+        # pass     = "12345678"
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+    [[database.test]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = ""
+        # pass     = "12345678"
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+# Redis数据库配置
+[redis]
+    default = "127.0.0.1:6379,0"
+    cache = "127.0.0.1:6379,1"
+`
+    path := "config.toml"
+    err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    defer gfile.Remove(path)
+    defer gins.Config().Reload()
+
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        fmt.Println("gins Test_Database", gins.Config().Get("test"))
+
+        dbDefault := gins.Database()
+        dbTest    := gins.Database("test")
+        gtest.AssertNE(dbDefault, nil)
+        gtest.AssertNE(dbTest,    nil)
+
+        gtest.Assert(dbDefault.PingMaster(), nil)
+        gtest.Assert(dbDefault.PingSlave(),  nil)
+        gtest.Assert(dbTest.PingMaster(),    nil)
+        gtest.Assert(dbTest.PingSlave(),     nil)
+    })
+}
+
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins_redis_test.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins_redis_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gins_test
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gins"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+    "time"
+)
+
+func Test_Redis(t *testing.T) {
+    config := `
+# 模板引擎目录
+viewpath = "/home/www/templates/"
+test = "v=3"
+# MySQL数据库配置
+[database]
+    [[database.default]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = ""
+        # pass     = "12345678"
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+    [[database.test]]
+        host     = "127.0.0.1"
+        port     = "3306"
+        user     = "root"
+        pass     = ""
+        # pass     = "12345678"
+        name     = "test"
+        type     = "mysql"
+        role     = "master"
+        charset  = "utf8"
+        priority = "1"
+# Redis数据库配置
+[redis]
+    default = "127.0.0.1:6379,7"
+    cache   = "127.0.0.1:6379,8"
+    disk    = "127.0.0.1:6379,9,?maxIdle=1&maxActive=10&idleTimeout=10&maxConnLifetime=10"
+`
+    path := "config.toml"
+    err  := gfile.PutContents(path, config)
+    gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+    defer gfile.Remove(path)
+    defer gins.Config().Reload()
+
+    // for gfsnotify callbacks to refresh cache of config file
+    time.Sleep(500*time.Millisecond)
+
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        //fmt.Println("gins Test_Redis", gins.Config().Get("test"))
+
+        redisDefault := gins.Redis()
+        redisCache   := gins.Redis("cache")
+        redisDisk    := gins.Redis("disk")
+        gtest.AssertNE(redisDefault, nil)
+        gtest.AssertNE(redisCache,   nil)
+        gtest.AssertNE(redisDisk,   nil)
+
+        r, err := redisDefault.Do("PING")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r,   "PONG")
+
+        r, err  = redisCache.Do("PING")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r,   "PONG")
+
+        _, err  = redisDisk.Do("SET", "k", "v")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        r, err  = redisDisk.Do("GET", "k")
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(r, []byte("v"))
+    })
+}
+
--- a/g/frame/gins/gins_view_test.go
+++ b/g/frame/gins/gins_view_test.go
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package gins_test
+
+import (
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gins"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
+    "testing"
+)
+
+func Test_View(t *testing.T) {
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        gtest.AssertNE(gins.View(), nil)
+        b, e := gins.View().ParseContent(`{{"我是中国人" | substr 2 -1}}`, nil)
+        gtest.Assert(e,         nil)
+        gtest.Assert(string(b), "中国人")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        tpl := "t.tpl"
+        err := gfile.PutContents(tpl, `{{"我是中国人" | substr 2 -1}}`)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(tpl)
+
+        b, e := gins.View().Parse("t.tpl", nil)
+        gtest.Assert(e,         nil)
+        gtest.Assert(string(b), "中国人")
+    })
+    gtest.Case(t, func() {
+        path := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%d`, gfile.TempDir(), gtime.Nanosecond())
+        tpl  := fmt.Sprintf(`%s/%s`, path, "t.tpl")
+        err  := gfile.PutContents(tpl, `{{"我是中国人" | substr 2 -1}}`)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+        defer gfile.Remove(tpl)
+        err = gins.View().AddPath(path)
+        gtest.Assert(err, nil)
+
+        b, e := gins.View().Parse("t.tpl", nil)
+        gtest.Assert(e,         nil)
+        gtest.Assert(string(b), "中国人")
+    })
+}
+
--- a/g/g.go
+++ b/g/g.go
@ -3,34 +3,51 @@
 // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
 // If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
 // You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
-// 常用数据类型以及对象封装

 package g

 import "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gvar"

-// 框架动态变量，可以用该类型替代interface{}类型
-type Var       = gvar.Var
+// Universal variable type, like generics.
+//
+// 动态变量类型，可以用该类型替代interface{}类型
+type Var        = gvar.Var

+// Frequently-used map type alias.
+//
 // 常用map数据结构(使用别名)
 type Map        = map[string]interface{}
+type MapAnyAny  = map[interface{}]interface{}
+type MapAnyStr  = map[interface{}]string
+type MapAnyInt  = map[interface{}]int
+type MapStrAny  = map[string]interface{}
 type MapStrStr  = map[string]string
 type MapStrInt  = map[string]int
+type MapIntAny  = map[int]interface{}
 type MapIntStr  = map[int]string
 type MapIntInt  = map[int]int

+// Frequently-used slice type alias.
+//
 // 常用list数据结构(使用别名)
 type List       = []Map
+type ListAnyStr = []map[interface{}]string
+type ListAnyInt = []map[interface{}]int
+type ListStrAny = []map[string]interface{}
 type ListStrStr = []map[string]string
 type ListStrInt = []map[string]int
+type ListIntAny = []map[int]interface{}
 type ListIntStr = []map[int]string
 type ListIntInt = []map[int]int

-
+// Frequently-used slice type alias.
+//
 // 常用slice数据结构(使用别名)
 type Slice      = []interface{}
+type SliceAny   = []interface{}
 type SliceStr   = []string
 type SliceInt   = []int
-type Array      = Slice
-type ArrayStr   = SliceStr
-type ArrayInt   = SliceInt
+type Array      = []interface{}
+type ArrayAny   = []interface{}
+type ArrayStr   = []string
+type ArrayInt   = []int
--- a/g/g_func.go
+++ b/g/g_func.go
@ -7,43 +7,60 @@
 package g

 import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gvar"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/internal/empty"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/ghttp"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gutil"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gvar"
-)
-
-const (
-    LOG_LEVEL_ALL  = glog.LEVEL_ALL
-    LOG_LEVEL_DEBU = glog.LEVEL_DEBU
-    LOG_LEVEL_INFO = glog.LEVEL_INFO
-    LOG_LEVEL_NOTI = glog.LEVEL_NOTI
-    LOG_LEVEL_WARN = glog.LEVEL_WARN
-    LOG_LEVEL_ERRO = glog.LEVEL_ERRO
-    LOG_LEVEL_CRIT = glog.LEVEL_CRIT
 )

+// NewVar creates a *Var.
+//
 // 动态变量
 func NewVar(i interface{}, unsafe...bool) *Var {
    return gvar.New(i, unsafe...)
 }

+// Wait blocks until all the web servers shutdown.
+//
 // 阻塞等待HTTPServer执行完成(同一进程多HTTPServer情况下)
 func Wait() {
    ghttp.Wait()
 }

-// 打印变量
+// Dump dumps a variable to stdout with more manually readable.
+//
+// 格式化打印变量.
 func Dump(i...interface{}) {
    gutil.Dump(i...)
 }

+// Export exports a variable to string with more manually readable.
+//
+// 格式化导出变量.
+func Export(i...interface{}) string {
+    return gutil.Export(i...)
+}
+
+// Throw throws a exception, which can be caught by Catch function.
+// It always be used in TryCatch function.
+//
 // 抛出一个异常
 func Throw(exception interface{}) {
    gutil.Throw(exception)
 }

-// try...catch...
+// TryCatch does the try...catch... logic.
 func TryCatch(try func(), catch ... func(exception interface{})) {
    gutil.TryCatch(try, catch...)
+}
+
+// IsEmpty checks given value empty or not.
+// false: integer(0), bool(false), slice/map(len=0), nil;
+// true : other.
+//
+// 判断给定的变量是否为空。
+// 整型为0, 布尔为false, slice/map长度为0, 其他为nil的情况，都为空。
+// 为空时返回true，否则返回false。
+func IsEmpty(value interface{}) bool {
+    return empty.IsEmpty(value)
 }
--- a/g/g_logger.go
+++ b/g/g_logger.go
@ -10,16 +10,22 @@ import (
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
 )

+// Disable/Enabled debug of logging globally.
+//
 // 是否显示调试信息
 func SetDebug(debug bool) {
    glog.SetDebug(debug)
 }

+// Set the logging level globally.
+//
 // 设置日志的显示等级
 func SetLogLevel(level int) {
    glog.SetLevel(level)
 }

+// Get the global logging level.
+//
 // 获取设置的日志显示等级
 func GetLogLevel() int {
    return glog.GetLevel()
--- a/g/g_object.go
+++ b/g/g_object.go
@ -17,42 +17,58 @@ import (
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gcfg"
 )

+// Get an instance of http server with specified name.
+//
 // HTTPServer单例对象
 func Server(name...interface{}) *ghttp.Server {
    return ghttp.GetServer(name...)
 }

+// Get an instance of tcp server with specified name.
+//
 // TCPServer单例对象
 func TCPServer(name...interface{}) *gtcp.Server {
    return gtcp.GetServer(name...)
 }

+// Get an instance of udp server with specified name.
+//
 // UDPServer单例对象
 func UDPServer(name...interface{}) *gudp.Server {
    return gudp.GetServer(name...)
 }

+// Get an instance of template engine object with specified name.
+//
 // 核心对象：View
 func View(name...string) *gview.View {
    return gins.View(name...)
 }

-// Config配置管理对象
+// Get an instance of config object with specified default config file name.
+//
+// Config配置管理对象,
 // 配置文件目录查找依次为：启动参数cfgpath、当前程序运行目录
 func Config(file...string) *gcfg.Config {
    return gins.Config(file...)
 }

+// Get an instance of database ORM object with specified configuration group name.
+//
 // 数据库操作对象，使用了连接池
 func Database(name...string) gdb.DB {
    return gins.Database(name...)
 }

+// Alias of Database.
+//
 // (别名)Database
 func DB(name...string) gdb.DB {
    return gins.Database(name...)
 }

+// Get an instance of redis client with specified configuration group name.
+//
 // Redis操作对象，使用了连接池
 func Redis(name...string) *gredis.Redis {
    return gins.Redis(name...)
--- a/g/g_setting.go
+++ b/g/g_setting.go
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package g
+
+import "github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/ghttp"
+
+// SetServerGraceful enables/disables graceful reload feature of ghttp Web Server.
+//
+// 是否开启WebServer的平滑重启特性。
+func SetServerGraceful(enabled bool) {
+    ghttp.SetGraceful(enabled)
+}
--- a/g/internal/cmdenv/cmdenv.go
+++ b/g/internal/cmdenv/cmdenv.go
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // 规则:
 // 1、命令行参数以小写字母格式，使用: gf.包名.变量名 传递；
 // 2、环境变量参数以大写字母格式，使用: GF_包名_变量名 传递；
-func Get(key string, def...interface{}) *gvar.Var {
+func Get(key string, def...interface{}) gvar.VarRead {
    value := interface{}(nil)
    if len(def) > 0 {
        value = def[0]
--- a/g/internal/empty/empty.go
+++ b/g/internal/empty/empty.go
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+package empty
+
+import (
+    "reflect"
+)
+
+// 判断给定的变量是否为空。
+// 整型为0, 布尔为false, slice/map长度为0, 其他为nil的情况，都为空。
+// 为空时返回true，否则返回false。
+func IsEmpty(value interface{}) bool {
+    if value == nil {
+        return true
+    }
+    // 优先通过断言来进行常用类型判断
+    switch value := value.(type) {
+        case int:     return value == 0
+        case int8:    return value == 0
+        case int16:   return value == 0
+        case int32:   return value == 0
+        case int64:   return value == 0
+        case uint:    return value == 0
+        case uint8:   return value == 0
+        case uint16:  return value == 0
+        case uint32:  return value == 0
+        case uint64:  return value == 0
+        case float32: return value == 0
+        case float64: return value == 0
+        case bool:    return value == false
+        case string:  return value == ""
+        case []byte:  return len(value) == 0
+        default:
+            // 最后通过反射来判断
+            rv := reflect.ValueOf(value)
+            if rv.IsNil() {
+                return true
+            }
+            kind := rv.Kind()
+            switch kind {
+                case reflect.Map:   fallthrough
+                case reflect.Slice: fallthrough
+                case reflect.Array:
+                    return rv.Len() == 0
+            }
+    }
+    return false
+}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp.go
@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
 // If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
 // You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.

-// Package ghttp provides quite powerful HTTP server and simple client implementations.
+// Package ghttp provides a powerful http server and a simple client.
+//
+// ghttp是GF框架的核心模块，实现了一个强大的Web Server，并提供了一个简便的HTTP客户端。
 package ghttp
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_request_api.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_request_api.go
@ -9,44 +9,44 @@
 package ghttp

 func Get(url string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("GET", url, []byte(""))
+    return DoRequest("GET", url)
 }

-func Put(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("PUT", url, []byte(data))
+func Put(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("PUT", url, data...)
 }

-func Post(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("POST", url, []byte(data))
+func Post(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("POST", url, data...)
 }

-func Delete(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("DELETE", url, []byte(data))
+func Delete(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("DELETE", url, data...)
 }

-func Head(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("HEAD", url, []byte(data))
+func Head(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("HEAD", url, data...)
 }

-func Patch(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("PATCH", url, []byte(data))
+func Patch(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("PATCH", url, data...)
 }

-func Connect(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("CONNECT", url, []byte(data))
+func Connect(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("CONNECT", url, data...)
 }

-func Options(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("OPTIONS", url, []byte(data))
+func Options(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("OPTIONS", url, data...)
 }

-func Trace(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return DoRequest("TRACE", url, []byte(data))
+func Trace(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return DoRequest("TRACE", url, data...)
 }

 // 该方法支持二进制提交数据
-func DoRequest(method, url string, data []byte) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return NewClient().DoRequest(method, url, data)
+func DoRequest(method, url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return NewClient().DoRequest(method, url, data...)
 }

 // GET请求并返回服务端结果(内部会自动读取服务端返回结果并关闭缓冲区指针)
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_config.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_config.go
@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright 2017 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+
+// HTTP客户端请求.
+
+package ghttp
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "strings"
+    "time"
+)
+
+// 是否模拟浏览器模式(自动保存提交COOKIE)
+func (c *Client) SetBrowserMode(enabled bool) {
+    c.browserMode = enabled
+}
+
+// 设置HTTP Header
+func (c *Client) SetHeader(key, value string) {
+    c.header[key] = value
+}
+
+// 通过字符串设置HTTP Header
+func (c *Client) SetHeaderRaw(header string) {
+    for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(header), "\n") {
+        array, _ := gregex.MatchString(`^([\w\-]+):\s*(.+)`, line)
+        if len(array) >= 3 {
+            c.header[array[1]] = array[2]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// 设置COOKIE
+func (c *Client) SetCookie(key, value string) {
+    c.cookies[key] = value
+}
+
+// 使用Map设置COOKIE
+func (c *Client) SetCookieMap(cookieMap map[string]string) {
+    for k, v := range cookieMap {
+        c.cookies[k] = v
+    }
+}
+
+// 设置请求的URL前缀
+func (c *Client) SetPrefix(prefix string) {
+    c.prefix = prefix
+}
+
+// 设置请求过期时间
+func (c *Client) SetTimeOut(t time.Duration)  {
+    c.Timeout = t
+}
+
+// 设置HTTP访问账号密码
+func (c *Client) SetBasicAuth(user, pass string) {
+    c.authUser = user
+    c.authPass = pass
+}
+
+// 设置失败重试次数及间隔，失败仅针对网络请求失败情况。
+// 重试间隔时间单位为秒。
+func (c *Client) SetRetry(retryCount int, retryInterval int) {
+    c.retryCount    = retryCount
+    c.retryInterval = retryInterval
+}
+
+// 链式操作, See SetBrowserMode
+func (c *Client) BrowserMode(enabled bool) *Client {
+    c.browserMode = enabled
+    return c
+}
+
+// 链式操作, See SetTimeOut
+func (c *Client) TimeOut(t time.Duration) *Client {
+    c.Timeout = t
+    return c
+}
+
+// 链式操作, See SetBasicAuth
+func (c *Client) BasicAuth(user, pass string) *Client {
+    c.authUser = user
+    c.authPass = pass
+    return c
+}
+
+// 链式操作, See SetRetry
+func (c *Client) Retry(retryCount int, retryInterval int) *Client {
+    c.retryCount    = retryCount
+    c.retryInterval = retryInterval
+    return c
+}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_request_client.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_request_client.go
@ -9,93 +9,87 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
-    "time"
    "bytes"
-    "strings"
-    "net/http"
-    "mime/multipart"
-    "os"
-    "io"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "encoding/json"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "io"
+    "mime/multipart"
+    "net/http"
+    "os"
+    "strings"
+    "time"
 )

 // http客户端
 type Client struct {
-    http.Client                // 底层http client对象
-    header   map[string]string // HEADER信息Map
-    prefix   string            // 设置请求的URL前缀
-    authUser string            // HTTP基本权限设置：名称
-    authPass string            // HTTP基本权限设置：密码
+    http.Client                     // 底层http client对象
+    header        map[string]string // HEADER信息Map
+    cookies       map[string]string // 自定义COOKIE
+    prefix        string            // 设置请求的URL前缀
+    authUser      string            // HTTP基本权限设置：名称
+    authPass      string            // HTTP基本权限设置：密码
+    browserMode   bool              // 是否模拟浏览器模式(自动保存提交COOKIE)
+    retryCount    int               // 失败重试次数(网络失败情况下)
+    retryInterval int               // 失败重试间隔
 }

 // http客户端对象指针
-func NewClient() (*Client) {
+func NewClient() *Client {
    return &Client{
        Client : http.Client {
            Transport: &http.Transport {
                DisableKeepAlives: true,
            },
        },
-        header : make(map[string]string),
+        header        : make(map[string]string),
+        cookies       : make(map[string]string),
    }
 }

-// 设置HTTP Header
-func (c *Client) SetHeader(key, value string) {
-    c.header[key] = value
-}
-
-// 通过字符串设置HTTP Header
-func (c *Client) SetHeaderRaw(header string) {
-    for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(header), "\n") {
-        array, _ := gregex.MatchString(`^([\w\-]+):\s*(.+)`, line)
-        if len(array) >= 3 {
-            c.header[array[1]] = array[2]
-        }
+// 克隆当前客户端对象，复制属性。
+func (c *Client) Clone() *Client {
+    newClient := NewClient()
+    *newClient = *c
+    newClient.header  = make(map[string]string)
+    newClient.cookies = make(map[string]string)
+    for k, v := range c.header {
+        newClient.header[k] = v
    }
-}
-
-// 设置请求的URL前缀
-func (c *Client) SetPrefix(prefix string) {
-    c.prefix = prefix
-}
-
-// 设置请求过期时间
-func (c *Client) SetTimeOut(t time.Duration)  {
-    c.Timeout = t
-}
-
-// 设置HTTP访问账号密码
-func (c *Client) SetBasicAuth(user, pass string) {
-    c.authUser = user
-    c.authPass = pass
+    for k, v := range c.cookies {
+        newClient.cookies[k] = v
+    }
+    return newClient
 }

 // GET请求
 func (c *Client) Get(url string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("GET", url, []byte(""))
+    return c.DoRequest("GET", url)
 }

 // PUT请求
-func (c *Client) Put(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("PUT", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Put(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("PUT", url, data...)
 }

 // POST请求提交数据，默认使用表单方式提交数据(绝大部分场景下也是如此)。
 // 如果服务端对Content-Type有要求，可使用Client对象进行请求，单独设置相关属性。
 // 支持文件上传，需要字段格式为：FieldName=@file:
-func (c *Client) Post(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+func (c *Client) Post(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
    if len(c.prefix) > 0 {
        url = c.prefix + url
    }
+    param := ""
+    if len(data) > 0 {
+        param = data[0]
+    }
    req := (*http.Request)(nil)
-    if strings.Contains(data, "@file:") {
+    if strings.Contains(param, "@file:") {
+        // 文件上传
        buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
        writer := multipart.NewWriter(buffer)
-        for _, item := range strings.Split(data, "&") {
+        for _, item := range strings.Split(param, "&") {
            array := strings.Split(item, "=")
            if len(array[1]) > 6 && strings.Compare(array[1][0:6], "@file:") == 0 {
                path := array[1][6:]
@ -126,11 +120,17 @@ func (c *Client) Post(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
            req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
        }
    } else {
-        if r, err := http.NewRequest("POST", url, bytes.NewReader([]byte(data))); err != nil {
+        // 识别提交数据格式
+        paramBytes := []byte(param)
+        if r, err := http.NewRequest("POST", url, bytes.NewReader(paramBytes)); err != nil {
            return nil, err
        } else {
            req = r
-            req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            if json.Valid(paramBytes) {
+                req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+            } else {
+                req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            }
        }
    }
    // 自定义header
@ -139,43 +139,67 @@ func (c *Client) Post(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
            req.Header.Set(k, v)
        }
    }
+    // COOKIE
+    if len(c.cookies) > 0 {
+        headerCookie := ""
+        for k, v := range c.cookies {
+            if len(headerCookie) > 0 {
+                headerCookie += ";"
+            }
+            headerCookie += k + "=" + v
+        }
+        if len(headerCookie) > 0 {
+            req.Header.Set("Cookie", headerCookie)
+        }
+    }
    // HTTP账号密码
    if len(c.authUser) > 0 {
        req.SetBasicAuth(c.authUser, c.authPass)
    }
    // 执行请求
-    resp, err := c.Do(req)
-    if err != nil {
-        return nil, err
+    resp := (*http.Response)(nil)
+    for {
+        if r, err := c.Do(req); err != nil {
+            if c.retryCount > 0 {
+                c.retryCount--
+            } else {
+                return nil, err
+            }
+        } else {
+            resp = r
+            break
+        }
    }
-    r := &ClientResponse{}
-    r.Response = *resp
+    r := &ClientResponse{
+        cookies : make(map[string]string),
+    }
+    r.Response = resp
    return r, nil
 }

 // DELETE请求
-func (c *Client) Delete(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("DELETE", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Delete(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("DELETE", url, data...)
 }

-func (c *Client) Head(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("HEAD", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Head(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("HEAD", url, data...)
 }

-func (c *Client) Patch(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("PATCH", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Patch(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("PATCH", url, data...)
 }

-func (c *Client) Connect(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("CONNECT", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Connect(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("CONNECT", url, data...)
 }

-func (c *Client) Options(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("OPTIONS", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Options(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("OPTIONS", url, data...)
 }

-func (c *Client) Trace(url, data string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
-    return c.DoRequest("TRACE", url, []byte(data))
+func (c *Client) Trace(url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+    return c.DoRequest("TRACE", url, data...)
 }

 // GET请求并返回服务端结果(内部会自动读取服务端返回结果并关闭缓冲区指针)
@ -220,11 +244,7 @@ func (c *Client) TraceContent(url string, data...string) string {

 // 请求并返回服务端结果(内部会自动读取服务端返回结果并关闭缓冲区指针)
 func (c *Client) DoRequestContent(method string, url string, data...string) string {
-    content := ""
-    if len(data) > 0 {
-        content = data[0]
-    }
-    response, err := c.DoRequest(method, url, []byte(content))
+    response, err := c.DoRequest(method, url, data...)
    if err != nil {
        return ""
    }
@ -233,14 +253,18 @@ func (c *Client) DoRequestContent(method string, url string, data...string) stri
 }

 // 请求并返回response对象，该方法支持二进制提交数据
-func (c *Client) DoRequest(method, url string, data []byte) (*ClientResponse, error) {
+func (c *Client) DoRequest(method, url string, data...string) (*ClientResponse, error) {
    if strings.EqualFold("POST", method) {
-        return c.Post(url, string(data))
+        return c.Post(url, data...)
    }
    if len(c.prefix) > 0 {
        url = c.prefix + url
    }
-    req, err := http.NewRequest(strings.ToUpper(method), url, bytes.NewReader(data))
+    param := ""
+    if len(data) > 0 {
+        param = data[0]
+    }
+    req, err := http.NewRequest(strings.ToUpper(method), url, bytes.NewReader([]byte(param)))
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
@ -250,13 +274,49 @@ func (c *Client) DoRequest(method, url string, data []byte) (*ClientResponse, er
            req.Header.Set(k, v)
        }
    }
-    // 执行请求
-    resp, err := c.Do(req)
-    if err != nil {
-        return nil, err
+    // COOKIE
+    if len(c.cookies) > 0 {
+        headerCookie := ""
+        for k, v := range c.cookies {
+            if len(headerCookie) > 0 {
+                headerCookie += ";"
+            }
+            headerCookie += k + "=" + v
+        }
+        if len(headerCookie) > 0 {
+            req.Header.Set("Cookie", headerCookie)
+        }
    }
-    r := &ClientResponse{}
-    r.Response = *resp
+    // 执行请求
+    resp := (*http.Response)(nil)
+    for {
+        if r, err := c.Do(req); err != nil {
+            if c.retryCount > 0 {
+                c.retryCount--
+            } else {
+                return nil, err
+            }
+        } else {
+            resp = r
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    r := &ClientResponse{
+        cookies : make(map[string]string),
+    }
+    r.Response = resp
+    // 浏览器模式
+    if c.browserMode {
+        now := time.Now()
+        for _, v := range r.Cookies() {
+            if v.Expires.UnixNano() < now.UnixNano() {
+                delete(c.cookies, v.Name)
+            } else {
+                c.cookies[v.Name] = v.Value
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    //fmt.Println(url, c.cookies)
    return r, nil
 }

--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_response.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_client_response.go
@ -10,14 +10,30 @@ package ghttp
 import (
    "io/ioutil"
    "net/http"
+    "time"
 )

 // 客户端请求结果对象
 type ClientResponse struct {
-    http.Response
+    *http.Response
+    cookies map[string]string
 }

-// 获取返回的数据
+// 获得返回的指定COOKIE值
+func (r *ClientResponse) GetCookie(key string) string {
+    if r.cookies == nil {
+        now := time.Now()
+        for _, v := range r.Cookies() {
+            if v.Expires.UnixNano() < now.UnixNano() {
+                continue
+            }
+            r.cookies[v.Name] = v.Value
+        }
+    }
+    return r.cookies[key]
+}
+
+// 获取返回的数据(二进制).
 func (r *ClientResponse) ReadAll() []byte {
    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
    if err != nil {
@ -26,6 +42,11 @@ func (r *ClientResponse) ReadAll() []byte {
    return body
 }

+// 获取返回的数据(字符串).
+func (r *ClientResponse) ReadAllString() string {
+    return string(r.ReadAll())
+}
+
 // 关闭返回的HTTP链接
 func (r *ClientResponse) Close()  {
    r.Response.Close = true
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_request.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_request.go
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func newRequest(s *Server, r *http.Request, w http.ResponseWriter) *Request {
    return request
 }

-// 获取Web Socket连接对象(如果是非WS请求会失败，注意检查然会的error结果)
+// 获取Web Socket连接对象(如果是非WS请求会失败，注意检查返回的error结果)
 func (r *Request) WebSocket() (*WebSocket, error) {
    if conn, err := wsUpgrader.Upgrade(r.Response.ResponseWriter.ResponseWriter, r.Request, nil); err == nil {
        return &WebSocket {
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func (r *Request) GetVar(key string, def ... interface{}) gvar.VarRead {
    return r.GetRequestVar(key, def...)
 }

-// 获取原始请求输入字符串
+// 获取原始请求输入二进制。
 func (r *Request) GetRaw() []byte {
    if r.rawContent == nil {
        r.rawContent, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
@ -87,12 +87,22 @@ func (r *Request) GetRaw() []byte {
    return r.rawContent
 }

+// 获取原始请求输入字符串。
+func (r *Request) GetRawString() string {
+    if r.rawContent == nil {
+        r.rawContent, _ = ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+    }
+    return string(r.rawContent)
+}
+
 // 获取原始json请求输入字符串，并解析为json对象
 func (r *Request) GetJson() *gjson.Json {
    data := r.GetRaw()
    if data != nil {
        if j, err := gjson.DecodeToJson(data); err == nil {
            return j
+        } else {
+            panic(err)
        }
    }
    return nil
@ -213,14 +223,14 @@ func (r *Request) GetReferer() string {

 // 获得结构体对象的参数名称标签，构成map返回
 func (r *Request) getStructParamsTagMap(object interface{}) map[string]string {
-    tagmap := make(map[string]string)
+    tagMap := make(map[string]string)
    fields := structs.Fields(object)
    for _, field := range fields {
        if tag := field.Tag("params"); tag != "" {
            for _, v := range strings.Split(tag, ",") {
-                tagmap[strings.TrimSpace(v)] = field.Name()
+                tagMap[strings.TrimSpace(v)] = field.Name()
            }
        }
    }
-    return tagmap
+    return tagMap
 }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_request_query.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_request_query.go
@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ func (r *Request) initGet() {
    if !r.parsedGet {
        r.queryVars = r.URL.Query()
        if strings.EqualFold(r.Method, "GET") {
-            if raw := r.GetRaw(); len(raw) > 0 {
-                for _, item := range strings.Split(string(raw), "&") {
-                    array                := strings.Split(item, "=")
+            if raw := r.GetRawString(); len(raw) > 0 {
+                var array []string
+                for _, item := range strings.Split(raw, "&") {
+                    array                 = strings.Split(item, "=")
                    r.queryVars[array[0]] = append(r.queryVars[array[0]], array[1])
                }
            }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response.go
@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ func newResponse(s *Server, w http.ResponseWriter) *Response {
        Server         : s,
        ResponseWriter : ResponseWriter {
            ResponseWriter : w,
-            Status         : http.StatusOK,
            buffer         : bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
        },
    }
@ -46,13 +45,10 @@ func (r *Response) Write(content ... interface{}) {
        return
    }
    for _, v := range content {
-        switch v.(type) {
-            case []byte:
-                // 如果是二进制数据，那么返回二进制数据
-                r.buffer.Write(gconv.Bytes(v))
-
+        switch value := v.(type) {
+            case []byte: r.buffer.Write(value)
+            case string: r.buffer.WriteString(value)
            default:
-                // 否则一律按照可显示的字符串进行转换
                r.buffer.WriteString(gconv.String(v))
        }
    }
@ -119,15 +115,17 @@ func (r *Response) WriteXml(content interface{}, rootTag...string) error {
    return nil
 }

-// 允许AJAX跨域访问
+// Deprecated, please use CORSDefault instead.
+//
+// (已废弃，请使用CORSDefault)允许AJAX跨域访问.
 func (r *Response) SetAllowCrossDomainRequest(allowOrigin string, allowMethods string, maxAge...int) {
    age := 3628800
    if len(maxAge) > 0 {
        age = maxAge[0]
    }
-    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin",  allowOrigin);
-    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", allowMethods);
-    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age",       strconv.Itoa(age));
+    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin",      allowOrigin)
+    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods",     allowMethods)
+    r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age",           strconv.Itoa(age))
 }

 // 返回HTTP Code状态码
@ -137,9 +135,8 @@ func (r *Response) WriteStatus(status int, content...string) {
        if status != http.StatusOK {
            if f := r.request.Server.getStatusHandler(status, r.request); f != nil {
                f(r.request)
-                // 如果是http.StatusOK那么表示回调函数内部没有设置header status，
-                // 那么这里就可以设置status，防止多次设置(http: multiple response.WriteHeader calls)
-                if r.Status == http.StatusOK {
+                // 防止多次设置(http: multiple response.WriteHeader calls)
+                if r.Status == 0 {
                    r.WriteHeader(status)
                }
                return
@ -187,7 +184,8 @@ func (r *Response) ServeFileDownload(path string, name...string) {
    r.Server.serveFile(r.request, path)
 }

-// 返回location标识，引导客户端跳转
+// 返回location标识，引导客户端跳转。
+// 注意这里要先把设置的cookie输出，否则会被忽略。
 func (r *Response) RedirectTo(location string) {
    r.Header().Set("Location", location)
    r.WriteHeader(http.StatusFound)
@ -220,10 +218,19 @@ func (r *Response) ClearBuffer() {
    r.buffer.Reset()
 }

-// 输出缓冲区数据到客户端
+// Deprecated.
+//
+// 输出缓冲区数据到客户端.
 func (r *Response) OutputBuffer() {
    r.Header().Set("Server", r.Server.config.ServerAgent)
    //r.handleGzip()
    r.Writer.OutputBuffer()
 }

+// 输出缓冲区数据到客户端.
+func (r *Response) Output() {
+    r.Header().Set("Server", r.Server.config.ServerAgent)
+    //r.handleGzip()
+    r.Writer.OutputBuffer()
+}
+
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_cors.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_cors.go
@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2019 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+//
+
+package ghttp
+
+import (
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+)
+
+// See https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ .
+// 服务端允许跨域请求选项
+type CORSOptions struct {
+    AllowOrigin      string // Access-Control-Allow-Origin
+    AllowCredentials string // Access-Control-Allow-Credentials
+    ExposeHeaders    string // Access-Control-Expose-Headers
+    MaxAge           int    // Access-Control-Max-Age
+    AllowMethods     string // Access-Control-Allow-Methods
+    AllowHeaders     string // Access-Control-Allow-Headers
+}
+
+// 默认的CORS配置
+func (r *Response) DefaultCORSOptions() CORSOptions {
+    return CORSOptions {
+        AllowOrigin      : gstr.TrimRight(r.request.Referer(), "/"),
+        AllowMethods     : HTTP_METHODS,
+        AllowCredentials : "true",
+        MaxAge           : 3628800,
+    }
+}
+
+// See https://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ .
+// 允许请求跨域访问.
+func (r *Response) CORS(options CORSOptions) {
+    if options.AllowOrigin != "" {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", options.AllowOrigin)
+    }
+    if options.AllowCredentials != "" {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", options.AllowCredentials)
+    }
+    if options.ExposeHeaders != "" {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", options.ExposeHeaders)
+    }
+    if options.MaxAge != 0 {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", gconv.String(options.MaxAge))
+    }
+    if options.AllowMethods != "" {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", options.AllowMethods)
+    }
+    if options.AllowHeaders != "" {
+        r.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", options.AllowHeaders)
+    }
+}
+
+// 允许请求跨域访问(使用more配置).
+func (r *Response) CORSDefault() {
+    r.CORS(r.DefaultCORSOptions())
+}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_view.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_view.go
@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ import (
 )

 // 展示模板，可以给定模板参数，及临时的自定义模板函数
-func (r *Response) WriteTpl(tpl string, params map[string]interface{}, funcmap...map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (r *Response) WriteTpl(tpl string, params map[string]interface{}, funcMap...map[string]interface{}) error {
    fmap := make(gview.FuncMap)
-    if len(funcmap) > 0 {
-        fmap = funcmap[0]
+    if len(funcMap) > 0 {
+        fmap = funcMap[0]
    }
    if b, err := r.ParseTpl(tpl, params, fmap); err != nil {
        r.Write("Tpl Parsing Error: " + err.Error())
@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ func (r *Response) WriteTpl(tpl string, params map[string]interface{}, funcmap..
 }

 // 展示模板内容，可以给定模板参数，及临时的自定义模板函数
-func (r *Response) WriteTplContent(content string, params map[string]interface{}, funcmap...map[string]interface{}) error {
+func (r *Response) WriteTplContent(content string, params map[string]interface{}, funcMap...map[string]interface{}) error {
    fmap := make(gview.FuncMap)
-    if len(funcmap) > 0 {
-        fmap = funcmap[0]
+    if len(funcMap) > 0 {
+        fmap = funcMap[0]
    }
    if b, err := r.ParseTplContent(content, params, fmap); err != nil {
        r.Write("Tpl Parsing Error: " + err.Error())
@ -43,19 +43,19 @@ func (r *Response) WriteTplContent(content string, params map[string]interface{}
 }

 // 解析模板文件，并返回模板内容
-func (r *Response) ParseTpl(tpl string, params gview.Params, funcmap...map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func (r *Response) ParseTpl(tpl string, params gview.Params, funcMap...map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
    fmap := make(gview.FuncMap)
-    if len(funcmap) > 0 {
-        fmap = funcmap[0]
+    if len(funcMap) > 0 {
+        fmap = funcMap[0]
    }
    return gins.View().Parse(tpl, r.buildInVars(params), r.buildInFuncs(fmap))
 }

 // 解析并返回模板内容
-func (r *Response) ParseTplContent(content string, params gview.Params, funcmap...map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+func (r *Response) ParseTplContent(content string, params gview.Params, funcMap...map[string]interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
    fmap := make(gview.FuncMap)
-    if len(funcmap) > 0 {
-        fmap = funcmap[0]
+    if len(funcMap) > 0 {
+        fmap = funcMap[0]
    }
    return gins.View().ParseContent(content, r.buildInVars(params), r.buildInFuncs(fmap))
 }
@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ func (r *Response) buildInVars(params map[string]interface{}) map[string]interfa
    if params == nil {
        params = make(map[string]interface{})
    }
-
    c := gins.Config()
    if c.GetFilePath() != "" {
        params["Config"]  = c.GetMap("")
@ -78,14 +77,14 @@ func (r *Response) buildInVars(params map[string]interface{}) map[string]interfa
 }

 // 内置函数
-func (r *Response) buildInFuncs(funcmap map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
-    if funcmap == nil {
-        funcmap = make(map[string]interface{})
+func (r *Response) buildInFuncs(funcMap map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+    if funcMap == nil {
+        funcMap = make(map[string]interface{})
    }
-    funcmap["get"]       = r.funcGet
-    funcmap["post"]      = r.funcPost
-    funcmap["request"]   = r.funcRequest
-    return funcmap
+    funcMap["get"]       = r.funcGet
+    funcMap["post"]      = r.funcPost
+    funcMap["request"]   = r.funcRequest
+    return funcMap
 }

 // 模板内置函数: get
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_writer.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_response_writer.go
@ -25,16 +25,19 @@ func (w *ResponseWriter) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
    return len(data), nil
 }

-// 覆盖父级的WriteHeader方法
-func (w *ResponseWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
-    w.Status = code
-    w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+// 覆盖父级的WriteHeader方法, 这里只会记录Status做缓冲处理, 并不会立即输出到HEADER。
+func (w *ResponseWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
+    w.Status = status
 }

-// 输出buffer数据到客户端
+// 输出buffer数据到客户端.
 func (w *ResponseWriter) OutputBuffer() {
+    if w.Status != 0 {
+        w.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(w.Status)
+    }
    if w.buffer.Len() > 0 {
        w.ResponseWriter.Write(w.buffer.Bytes())
        w.buffer.Reset()
    }
 }
+
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server.go
@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ import (
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gproc"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtimer"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/gorilla/websocket"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/third/github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
    "net/http"
@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ type (
        name             string                           // 服务名称，方便识别
        config           ServerConfig                     // 配置对象
        servers          []*gracefulServer                // 底层http.Server列表
-        methodsMap       map[string]struct{}              // 所有支持的HTTP Method(初始化时自动填充)
+        serverCount      *gtype.Int                       // 底层http.Server数量
+        closeChan        chan struct{}                    // 用以关闭事件通知的通道
        servedCount      *gtype.Int                       // 已经服务的请求数(4-8字节，不考虑溢出情况)，同时作为请求ID
        // 服务注册相关
        serveTree        map[string]interface{}           // 所有注册的服务回调函数(路由表，树型结构，哈希表+链表优先级匹配)
@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ type (
 )

 const (
-    SERVER_STATUS_STOPPED      = 0               // Server状态：停止
-    SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING      = 1               // Server状态：运行
+    SERVER_STATUS_STOPPED      = 0 // Server状态：停止
+    SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING      = 1 // Server状态：运行
    HOOK_BEFORE_SERVE          = "BeforeServe"
    HOOK_AFTER_SERVE           = "AfterServe"
    HOOK_BEFORE_OUTPUT         = "BeforeOutput"
@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ const (
    HOOK_BEFORE_CLOSE          = "BeforeClose"
    HOOK_AFTER_CLOSE           = "AfterClose"

-    gHTTP_METHODS              = "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,PATCH,HEAD,CONNECT,OPTIONS,TRACE"
+    HTTP_METHODS               = "GET,PUT,POST,DELETE,PATCH,HEAD,CONNECT,OPTIONS,TRACE"
    gDEFAULT_SERVER            = "default"
    gDEFAULT_DOMAIN            = "default"
    gDEFAULT_METHOD            = "ALL"
@ -123,34 +124,51 @@ const (
 )

 var (
-    // Server表，用以存储和检索名称与Server对象之间的关联关系
+    // 所有支持的HTTP Method Map(初始化时自动填充),
+    // 用于快速检索需要
+    methodsMap       = make(map[string]struct{})
+
+    // WebServer表，用以存储和检索名称与Server对象之间的关联关系
    serverMapping    = gmap.NewStringInterfaceMap()

-    // 正常运行的Server数量，如果没有运行、失败或者全部退出，那么该值为0
+    // 正常运行的WebServer数量，如果没有运行、失败或者全部退出，那么该值为0
    serverRunning    = gtype.NewInt()

-    // Web Socket默认配置
+    // WebSocket默认配置
    wsUpgrader       = websocket.Upgrader {
        // 默认允许WebSocket请求跨域，权限控制可以由业务层自己负责，灵活度更高
        CheckOrigin: func(r *http.Request) bool {
            return true
        },
    }
-    // Web Server已完成服务事件通道，当有事件时表示服务完成，当前进程退出
-    doneChan         = make(chan struct{}, 1000)
+    // WebServer已完成服务事件通道，当有事件时表示服务完成，当前进程退出
+    allDoneChan         = make(chan struct{}, 1000)

    // 用于服务进程初始化，只能初始化一次，采用“懒初始化”(在server运行时才初始化)
-    serverProcInited = gtype.NewBool()
+    serverProcessInited = gtype.NewBool()
+
+    // 是否开启WebServer平滑重启特性, 会开启额外的本地端口监听，用于进程管理通信(默认开启)
+    gracefulEnabled     = true
 )

+func init() {
+    for _, v := range strings.Split(HTTP_METHODS, ",") {
+        methodsMap[v] = struct{}{}
+    }
+}
+
+// 是否开启平滑重启特性
+func SetGraceful(enabled bool) {
+    gracefulEnabled = enabled
+}

 // Web Server进程初始化.
 // 注意该方法不能放置于包初始化方法init中，不使用ghttp.Server的功能便不能初始化对应的协程goroutine逻辑.
-func serverProcInit() {
-    if serverProcInited.Val() {
+func serverProcessInit() {
+    if serverProcessInited.Val() {
        return
    }
-    serverProcInited.Set(true)
+    serverProcessInited.Set(true)
    // 如果是完整重启，那么需要等待主进程销毁后，才开始执行监听，防止端口冲突
    if genv.Get(gADMIN_ACTION_RESTART_ENVKEY) != "" {
        if p, e := os.FindProcess(gproc.PPid()); e == nil {
@ -164,7 +182,14 @@ func serverProcInit() {
    // 信号量管理操作监听
    go handleProcessSignal()
    // 异步监听进程间消息
-    go handleProcessMessage()
+    if gracefulEnabled {
+        go handleProcessMessage()
+    }
+
+    // 是否处于开发环境
+    if gfile.MainPkgPath() != "" {
+        glog.Debug("GF notices that you're in develop environment, so error logs are auto enabled to stdout.")
+    }
 }

 // 获取/创建一个默认配置的HTTP Server(默认监听端口是80)
@ -180,7 +205,8 @@ func GetServer(name...interface{}) (*Server) {
    s := &Server {
        name             : sname,
        servers          : make([]*gracefulServer, 0),
-        methodsMap       : make(map[string]struct{}),
+        closeChan        : make(chan struct{}, 100),
+        serverCount      : gtype.NewInt(),
        statusHandlerMap : make(map[string]HandlerFunc),
        serveTree        : make(map[string]interface{}),
        hooksTree        : make(map[string]interface{}),
@ -193,9 +219,6 @@ func GetServer(name...interface{}) (*Server) {
    }
    // 日志的标准输出默认关闭，但是错误信息会特殊处理
    s.logger.SetStdPrint(false)
-    for _, v := range strings.Split(gHTTP_METHODS, ",") {
-        s.methodsMap[v] = struct{}{}
-    }
    // 初始化时使用默认配置
    s.SetConfig(defaultServerConfig)
    // 记录到全局ServerMap中
@ -203,11 +226,11 @@ func GetServer(name...interface{}) (*Server) {
    return s
 }

-// 作为守护协程异步执行(当同一进程中存在多个Web Server时，需要采用这种方式执行)
-// 需要结合Wait方式一起使用
+// 作为守护协程异步执行(当同一进程中存在多个Web Server时，需要采用这种方式执行),
+// 需要结合Wait方式一起使用.
 func (s *Server) Start() error {
    // 服务进程初始化，只会初始化一次
-    serverProcInit()
+    serverProcessInit()

    // 当前Web Server状态判断
    if s.Status() == SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING {
@ -219,11 +242,12 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
        s.config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(s.defaultHttpHandle)
    }
    // 不允许访问的路由注册(使用HOOK实现)
+    // TODO 去掉HOOK的实现方式
    if s.config.DenyRoutes != nil {
        for _, v := range s.config.DenyRoutes {
            s.BindHookHandler(v, HOOK_BEFORE_SERVE, func(r *Request) {
                r.Response.WriteStatus(403)
-                r.Exit()
+                r.ExitAll()
            })
        }
    }
@ -253,14 +277,10 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
    if gproc.IsChild() {
        gtimer.SetTimeout(2*time.Second, func() {
            if err := gproc.Send(gproc.PPid(), []byte("exit"), gADMIN_GPROC_COMM_GROUP); err != nil {
-                panic(err)
+                glog.Error("ghttp server error in process communication:", err)
            }
        })
    }
-    // 是否处于开发环境
-    if gfile.MainPkgPath() != "" {
-        glog.Debug("GF notices that you're in develop environment, so error logs are auto enabled to stdout.")
-    }

    // 打印展示路由表
    s.DumpRoutesMap()
@ -358,7 +378,7 @@ func (s *Server) Run() error {
        return err
    }
    // 阻塞等待服务执行完成
-    <- doneChan
+    <- s.closeChan

    glog.Printfln("%d: all servers shutdown", gproc.Pid())
    return nil
@ -369,7 +389,7 @@ func (s *Server) Run() error {
 // 这是一个与进程相关的方法
 func Wait() {
    // 阻塞等待服务执行完成
-    <- doneChan
+    <- allDoneChan

    glog.Printfln("%d: all servers shutdown", gproc.Pid())
 }
@ -378,7 +398,8 @@ func Wait() {
 // 开启底层Web Server执行
 func (s *Server) startServer(fdMap listenerFdMap) {
    var httpsEnabled bool
-    if len(s.config.HTTPSCertPath) > 0 && len(s.config.HTTPSKeyPath) > 0 {
+    // 判断是否启用HTTPS
+    if len(s.config.TLSConfig.Certificates) > 0 || (len(s.config.HTTPSCertPath) > 0 && len(s.config.HTTPSKeyPath) > 0) {
        // ================
        // HTTPS
        // ================
@ -453,23 +474,28 @@ func (s *Server) startServer(fdMap listenerFdMap) {
        }
    }
    // 开始执行异步监听
+    serverRunning.Add(1)
    for _, v := range s.servers {
        go func(server *gracefulServer) {
-            serverRunning.Add(1)
+            s.serverCount.Add(1)
            err := (error)(nil)
            if server.isHttps {
-                err = server.ListenAndServeTLS(s.config.HTTPSCertPath, s.config.HTTPSKeyPath)
+                err = server.ListenAndServeTLS(s.config.HTTPSCertPath, s.config.HTTPSKeyPath, &s.config.TLSConfig)
            } else {
                err = server.ListenAndServe()
            }
-            serverRunning.Add(-1)
            // 如果非关闭错误，那么提示报错，否则认为是正常的服务关闭操作
            if err != nil && !strings.EqualFold(http.ErrServerClosed.Error(), err.Error()) {
                glog.Fatal(err)
            }
-            // 如果所有异步的Server都已经停止，并且没有在管理操作(重启/关闭)进行中，那么主Server就可以退出了
-            if serverRunning.Val() < 1 && serverProcessStatus.Val() == 0 {
-                doneChan <- struct{}{}
+            // 如果所有异步的http.Server都已经停止，那么WebServer就可以退出了
+            if s.serverCount.Add(-1) < 1 {
+                s.closeChan <- struct{}{}
+                // 如果所有WebServer都退出，那么退出Wait等待
+                if serverRunning.Add(-1) < 1 {
+                    serverMapping.Remove(s.name)
+                    allDoneChan <- struct{}{}
+                }
            }
        }(v)
    }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_admin.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_admin.go
@ -8,46 +8,14 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtimer"
-    "strings"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gview"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gproc"
-    "sync"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "errors"
-    "fmt"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gtype"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtimer"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gview"
    "os"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gjson"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+    "strings"
    "time"
-    "runtime"
-    "bytes"
 )

-const (
-    gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT = 2000 // (毫秒)服务开启后允许执行管理操作的间隔限制
-    gADMIN_ACTION_NONE           = 0
-    gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING     = 1
-    gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN    = 2
-    gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY  = "GF_SERVER_RELOAD"
-    gADMIN_ACTION_RESTART_ENVKEY = "GF_SERVER_RESTART"
-    gADMIN_GPROC_COMM_GROUP      = "GF_GPROC_HTTP_SERVER"
-)
-
-// 用于服务管理的对象
-type utilAdmin struct {}
-
-// (进程级别)用于Web Server管理操作的互斥锁，保证管理操作的原子性
-var serverActionLocker sync.Mutex
-
-// (进程级别)用于记录上一次操作的时间(毫秒)
-var serverActionLastTime = gtype.NewInt64(gtime.Millisecond())
-
-// 当前服务进程所处的互斥管理操作状态
-var serverProcessStatus  = gtype.NewInt()
-
 // 服务管理首页
 func (p *utilAdmin) Index(r *Request) {
    data := map[string]interface{}{
@ -79,9 +47,9 @@ func (p *utilAdmin) Restart(r *Request) {
    }
    // 执行重启操作
    if len(path) > 0 {
-        err = r.Server.Restart(path)
+        err = RestartAllServer(path)
    } else {
-        err = r.Server.Restart()
+        err = RestartAllServer()
    }
    if err == nil {
        r.Response.Write("server restarted")
@ -93,7 +61,7 @@ func (p *utilAdmin) Restart(r *Request) {
 // 服务关闭
 func (p *utilAdmin) Shutdown(r *Request) {
    r.Server.Shutdown()
-    if err := r.Server.Shutdown(); err == nil {
+    if err := ShutdownAllServer(); err == nil {
        r.Response.Write("server shutdown")
    } else {
        r.Response.Write(err.Error())
@ -109,222 +77,15 @@ func (s *Server) EnableAdmin(pattern...string) {
    s.BindObject(p, &utilAdmin{})
 }

-// 重启Web Server，参数支持自定义重启的可执行文件路径，不传递时默认和原有可执行文件路径一致。
-// 针对*niux系统: 平滑重启
-// 针对windows : 完整重启
-func (s *Server) Restart(newExeFilePath...string) error {
-    serverActionLocker.Lock()
-    defer serverActionLocker.Unlock()
-    if err := s.checkActionStatus(); err != nil {
-        return err
-    }
-    if err := s.checkActionFrequence(); err != nil {
-        return err
-    }
-    return restartWebServers("", newExeFilePath...)
-}
-
-// 关闭Web Server
+// 关闭当前Web Server
 func (s *Server) Shutdown() error {
-    serverActionLocker.Lock()
-    defer serverActionLocker.Unlock()
-    if err := s.checkActionStatus(); err != nil {
-        return err
-    }
-    if err := s.checkActionFrequence(); err != nil {
-        return err
-    }
-    shutdownWebServers("")
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 检测当前操作的频繁度
-func (s *Server) checkActionFrequence() error {
-    interval := gtime.Millisecond() - serverActionLastTime.Val()
-    if interval < gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT {
-        return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("too frequent action, please retry in %d ms", gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT - interval))
-    }
-    serverActionLastTime.Set(gtime.Millisecond())
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 检查当前服务进程的状态
-func (s *Server) checkActionStatus() error {
-    status := serverProcessStatus.Val()
-    if status > 0 {
-        switch status {
-            case gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING:  return errors.New("server is restarting")
-            case gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN: return errors.New("server is shutting down")
-        }
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 平滑重启：创建一个子进程，通过环境变量传参
-func forkReloadProcess(newExeFilePath...string) error {
-    path := os.Args[0]
-    if len(newExeFilePath) > 0 {
-        path = newExeFilePath[0]
-    }
-    p   := gproc.NewProcess(path, os.Args, os.Environ())
-    // 创建新的服务进程，子进程自动从父进程复制文件描述来监听同样的端口
-    sfm := getServerFdMap()
-    // 将sfm中的fd按照子进程创建时的文件描述符顺序进行整理，以便子进程获取到正确的fd
-    for name, m := range sfm {
-        for fdk, fdv := range m {
-            if len(fdv) > 0 {
-                s := ""
-                for _, item := range strings.Split(fdv, ",") {
-                    array := strings.Split(item, "#")
-                    fd    := uintptr(gconv.Uint(array[1]))
-                    if fd > 0 {
-                        s += fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d,", array[0], 3 + len(p.ExtraFiles))
-                        p.ExtraFiles = append(p.ExtraFiles, os.NewFile(fd, ""))
-                    } else {
-                        s += fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d,", array[0], 0)
-                    }
-                }
-                sfm[name][fdk] = strings.TrimRight(s, ",")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    buffer, _ := gjson.Encode(sfm)
-    p.Env = append(p.Env, gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY + "=" + string(buffer))
-    if _, err := p.Start(); err != nil {
-        glog.Errorfln("%d: fork process failed, error:%s, %s", gproc.Pid(), err.Error(), string(buffer))
-        return err
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 完整重启：创建一个新的子进程
-func forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...string) error {
-    path := os.Args[0]
-    if len(newExeFilePath) > 0 {
-        path = newExeFilePath[0]
-    }
-    // 去掉平滑重启的环境变量参数
-    os.Unsetenv(gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY)
-    env := os.Environ()
-    env  = append(env, gADMIN_ACTION_RESTART_ENVKEY + "=1")
-    p   := gproc.NewProcess(path, os.Args, env)
-    if _, err := p.Start(); err != nil {
-        glog.Errorfln("%d: fork process failed, error:%s", gproc.Pid(), err.Error())
-        return err
-    }
-    return nil
-}
-
-// 获取所有Web Server的文件描述符map
-func getServerFdMap() map[string]listenerFdMap {
-    sfm := make(map[string]listenerFdMap)
-    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
-        for k, v := range m {
-            sfm[k] = v.(*Server).getListenerFdMap()
+    // 非终端信号下，异步1秒后再执行关闭，
+    // 目的是让接口能够正确返回结果，否则接口会报错(因为web server关闭了)
+    gtimer.SetTimeout(time.Second, func() {
+        // 只关闭当前的Web Server
+        for _, v := range s.servers {
+            v.close()
        }
    })
-    return sfm
-}
-
-// 二进制转换为FdMap
-func bufferToServerFdMap(buffer []byte) map[string]listenerFdMap {
-    sfm := make(map[string]listenerFdMap)
-    if len(buffer) > 0 {
-        j, _ := gjson.LoadContent(buffer, "json")
-        for k, _ := range j.ToMap() {
-            m := make(map[string]string)
-            for k, v := range j.GetMap(k) {
-                m[k] = gconv.String(v)
-            }
-            sfm[k] = m
-        }
-    }
-    return sfm
-}
-
-// Web Server重启
-func restartWebServers(signal string, newExeFilePath...string) error {
-    serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING)
-    if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-        if len(signal) > 0 {
-            // 在终端信号下，立即执行重启操作
-            forcedlyCloseWebServers()
-            forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...)
-        } else {
-            // 非终端信号下，异步1秒后再执行重启，目的是让接口能够正确返回结果，否则接口会报错(因为web server关闭了)
-            gtimer.SetTimeout(time.Second, func() {
-                forcedlyCloseWebServers()
-                forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...)
-            })
-        }
-    } else {
-        if err := forkReloadProcess(newExeFilePath...); err != nil {
-            glog.Printfln("%d: server restarts failed", gproc.Pid())
-            serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_NONE)
-            return err
-        } else {
-            if len(signal) > 0 {
-                glog.Printfln("%d: server restarting by signal: %s", gproc.Pid(), signal)
-            } else {
-                glog.Printfln("%d: server restarting by web admin", gproc.Pid())
-            }
-
-        }
-    }
    return nil
 }
-
-// Web Server关闭服务
-func shutdownWebServers(signal string) {
-    serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN)
-    if len(signal) > 0 {
-        glog.Printfln("%d: server shutting down by signal: %s", gproc.Pid(), signal)
-        // 在终端信号下，立即执行关闭操作
-        forcedlyCloseWebServers()
-        doneChan <- struct{}{}
-    } else {
-        glog.Printfln("%d: server shutting down by web admin", gproc.Pid())
-        // 非终端信号下，异步1秒后再执行关闭，目的是让接口能够正确返回结果，否则接口会报错(因为web server关闭了)
-        gtimer.SetTimeout(time.Second, func() {
-            forcedlyCloseWebServers()
-            doneChan <- struct{}{}
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-// 关优雅闭进程所有端口的Web Server服务
-// 注意，只是关闭Web Server服务，并不是退出进程
-func gracefulShutdownWebServers() {
-    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
-        for _, v := range m {
-            for _, s := range v.(*Server).servers {
-                s.shutdown()
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-// 强制关闭进程所有端口的Web Server服务
-// 注意，只是关闭Web Server服务，并不是退出进程
-func forcedlyCloseWebServers() {
-    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
-        for _, v := range m {
-            for _, s := range v.(*Server).servers {
-                s.close()
-            }
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-// 异步监听进程间消息
-func handleProcessMessage() {
-    for {
-        if msg := gproc.Receive(gADMIN_GPROC_COMM_GROUP); msg != nil {
-            if bytes.EqualFold(msg.Data, []byte("exit")) {
-                gracefulShutdownWebServers()
-                doneChan <- struct{}{}
-                return
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_admin_process.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_admin_process.go
@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Copyright 2018 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
+// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
+// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
+// pprof封装.
+
+package ghttp
+
+import (
+    "bytes"
+    "errors"
+    "fmt"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gtype"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/encoding/gjson"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gproc"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtimer"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/util/gconv"
+    "os"
+    "runtime"
+    "strings"
+    "sync"
+    "time"
+)
+
+const (
+    gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT = 2000 // (毫秒)服务开启后允许执行管理操作的间隔限制
+    gADMIN_ACTION_NONE           = 0
+    gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING     = 1
+    gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN    = 2
+    gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY  = "GF_SERVER_RELOAD"
+    gADMIN_ACTION_RESTART_ENVKEY = "GF_SERVER_RESTART"
+    gADMIN_GPROC_COMM_GROUP      = "GF_GPROC_HTTP_SERVER"
+)
+
+// 用于服务管理的对象
+type utilAdmin struct {}
+
+// (进程级别)用于Web Server管理操作的互斥锁，保证管理操作的原子性
+var serverActionLocker sync.Mutex
+
+// (进程级别)用于记录上一次操作的时间(毫秒)
+var serverActionLastTime = gtype.NewInt64(gtime.Millisecond())
+
+// 当前服务进程所处的互斥管理操作状态
+var serverProcessStatus  = gtype.NewInt()
+
+// 重启Web Server，参数支持自定义重启的可执行文件路径，不传递时默认和原有可执行文件路径一致。
+// 针对*niux系统: 平滑重启
+// 针对windows : 完整重启
+func RestartAllServer(newExeFilePath...string) error {
+    serverActionLocker.Lock()
+    defer serverActionLocker.Unlock()
+    if err := checkProcessStatus(); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    if err := checkActionFrequence(); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    return restartWebServers("", newExeFilePath...)
+}
+
+// 关闭所有的WebServer
+func ShutdownAllServer() error {
+    serverActionLocker.Lock()
+    defer serverActionLocker.Unlock()
+    if err := checkProcessStatus(); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    if err := checkActionFrequence(); err != nil {
+        return err
+    }
+    shutdownWebServers()
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 检查当前服务进程的状态
+func checkProcessStatus() error {
+    status := serverProcessStatus.Val()
+    if status > 0 {
+        switch status {
+            case gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING:  return errors.New("server is restarting")
+            case gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN: return errors.New("server is shutting down")
+        }
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 检测当前操作的频繁度
+func checkActionFrequence() error {
+    interval := gtime.Millisecond() - serverActionLastTime.Val()
+    if interval < gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT {
+        return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("too frequent action, please retry in %d ms", gADMIN_ACTION_INTERVAL_LIMIT - interval))
+    }
+    serverActionLastTime.Set(gtime.Millisecond())
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 平滑重启：创建一个子进程，通过环境变量传参
+func forkReloadProcess(newExeFilePath...string) error {
+    path := os.Args[0]
+    if len(newExeFilePath) > 0 {
+        path = newExeFilePath[0]
+    }
+    p   := gproc.NewProcess(path, os.Args, os.Environ())
+    // 创建新的服务进程，子进程自动从父进程复制文件描述来监听同样的端口
+    sfm := getServerFdMap()
+    // 将sfm中的fd按照子进程创建时的文件描述符顺序进行整理，以便子进程获取到正确的fd
+    for name, m := range sfm {
+        for fdk, fdv := range m {
+            if len(fdv) > 0 {
+                s := ""
+                for _, item := range strings.Split(fdv, ",") {
+                    array := strings.Split(item, "#")
+                    fd    := uintptr(gconv.Uint(array[1]))
+                    if fd > 0 {
+                        s += fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d,", array[0], 3 + len(p.ExtraFiles))
+                        p.ExtraFiles = append(p.ExtraFiles, os.NewFile(fd, ""))
+                    } else {
+                        s += fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d,", array[0], 0)
+                    }
+                }
+                sfm[name][fdk] = strings.TrimRight(s, ",")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    buffer, _ := gjson.Encode(sfm)
+    p.Env = append(p.Env, gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY + "=" + string(buffer))
+    if _, err := p.Start(); err != nil {
+        glog.Errorfln("%d: fork process failed, error:%s, %s", gproc.Pid(), err.Error(), string(buffer))
+        return err
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 完整重启：创建一个新的子进程
+func forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...string) error {
+    path := os.Args[0]
+    if len(newExeFilePath) > 0 {
+        path = newExeFilePath[0]
+    }
+    // 去掉平滑重启的环境变量参数
+    os.Unsetenv(gADMIN_ACTION_RELOAD_ENVKEY)
+    env := os.Environ()
+    env  = append(env, gADMIN_ACTION_RESTART_ENVKEY + "=1")
+    p   := gproc.NewProcess(path, os.Args, env)
+    if _, err := p.Start(); err != nil {
+        glog.Errorfln("%d: fork process failed, error:%s", gproc.Pid(), err.Error())
+        return err
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 获取所有Web Server的文件描述符map
+func getServerFdMap() map[string]listenerFdMap {
+    sfm := make(map[string]listenerFdMap)
+    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
+        for k, v := range m {
+            sfm[k] = v.(*Server).getListenerFdMap()
+        }
+    })
+    return sfm
+}
+
+// 二进制转换为FdMap
+func bufferToServerFdMap(buffer []byte) map[string]listenerFdMap {
+    sfm := make(map[string]listenerFdMap)
+    if len(buffer) > 0 {
+        j, _ := gjson.LoadContent(buffer, "json")
+        for k, _ := range j.ToMap() {
+            m := make(map[string]string)
+            for k, v := range j.GetMap(k) {
+                m[k] = gconv.String(v)
+            }
+            sfm[k] = m
+        }
+    }
+    return sfm
+}
+
+// Web Server重启
+func restartWebServers(signal string, newExeFilePath...string) error {
+    serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_RESTARTING)
+    if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+        if len(signal) > 0 {
+            // 在终端信号下，立即执行重启操作
+            forceCloseWebServers()
+            forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...)
+        } else {
+            // 非终端信号下，异步1秒后再执行重启，目的是让接口能够正确返回结果，否则接口会报错(因为web server关闭了)
+            gtimer.SetTimeout(time.Second, func() {
+                forceCloseWebServers()
+                forkRestartProcess(newExeFilePath...)
+            })
+        }
+    } else {
+        if err := forkReloadProcess(newExeFilePath...); err != nil {
+            glog.Printfln("%d: server restarts failed", gproc.Pid())
+            serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_NONE)
+            return err
+        } else {
+            if len(signal) > 0 {
+                glog.Printfln("%d: server restarting by signal: %s", gproc.Pid(), signal)
+            } else {
+                glog.Printfln("%d: server restarting by web admin", gproc.Pid())
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+    return nil
+}
+
+// 关闭所有Web Server
+func shutdownWebServers(signal...string) {
+    serverProcessStatus.Set(gADMIN_ACTION_SHUTINGDOWN)
+    if len(signal) > 0 {
+        glog.Printfln("%d: server shutting down by signal: %s", gproc.Pid(), signal[0])
+        // 在终端信号下，立即执行关闭操作
+        forceCloseWebServers()
+        allDoneChan <- struct{}{}
+    } else {
+        glog.Printfln("%d: server shutting down by api", gproc.Pid())
+        // 非终端信号下，异步1秒后再执行关闭，
+        // 目的是让接口能够正确返回结果，否则接口会报错(因为web server关闭了)
+        gtimer.SetTimeout(time.Second, func() {
+            forceCloseWebServers()
+            allDoneChan <- struct{}{}
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+// 关优雅闭进程所有端口的Web Server服务
+// 注意，只是关闭Web Server服务，并不是退出进程
+func gracefulShutdownWebServers() {
+    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
+        for _, v := range m {
+            for _, s := range v.(*Server).servers {
+                s.shutdown()
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// 强制关闭进程所有端口的Web Server服务
+// 注意，只是关闭Web Server服务，并不是退出进程
+func forceCloseWebServers() {
+    serverMapping.RLockFunc(func(m map[string]interface{}) {
+        for _, v := range m {
+            for _, s := range v.(*Server).servers {
+                s.close()
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// 异步监听进程间消息
+func handleProcessMessage() {
+    for {
+        if msg := gproc.Receive(gADMIN_GPROC_COMM_GROUP); msg != nil {
+            if bytes.EqualFold(msg.Data, []byte("exit")) {
+                gracefulShutdownWebServers()
+                allDoneChan <- struct{}{}
+                return
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_config.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_config.go
@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
+    "crypto/tls"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ const (
    NAME_TO_URI_TYPE_CAMEL             = 3                // 采用驼峰命名方式
    gDEFAULT_COOKIE_PATH               = "/"              // 默认path
    gDEFAULT_COOKIE_MAX_AGE            = 86400*365        // 默认cookie有效期(一年)
-    gDEFAULT_SESSION_MAX_AGE           = 600              // 默认session有效期(600秒)
+    gDEFAULT_SESSION_MAX_AGE           = 600000           // 默认session有效期(600秒)
    gDEFAULT_SESSION_ID_NAME           = "gfsessionid"    // 默认存放Cookie中的SessionId名称
    gCHANGE_CONFIG_WHILE_RUNNING_ERROR = "cannot be changed while running"
 )
@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ type ServerConfig struct {
    WriteTimeout      time.Duration         // 写入超时
    IdleTimeout       time.Duration         // 等待超时
    MaxHeaderBytes    int                   // 最大的header长度
+    TLSConfig         tls.Config

    // 静态文件配置
    IndexFiles        []string              // 默认访问的文件列表
@ -191,28 +193,46 @@ func (s *Server)SetHTTPSPort(port...int) {
    }
 }

-// 开启HTTPS支持，但是必须提供Cert和Key文件
-func (s *Server)EnableHTTPS(certFile, keyFile string) {
+// 开启HTTPS支持，但是必须提供Cert和Key文件，tlsConfig为可选项
+func (s *Server)EnableHTTPS(certFile, keyFile string, tlsConfig...tls.Config) {
    if s.Status() == SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING {
        glog.Error(gCHANGE_CONFIG_WHILE_RUNNING_ERROR)
        return
    }
    certFileRealPath := gfile.RealPath(certFile)
    if certFileRealPath == "" {
-        certFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.MainPkgPath() + gfile.Separator + certFileRealPath)
+        certFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.Pwd() + gfile.Separator + certFile)
+        if certFileRealPath == "" {
+            certFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.MainPkgPath() + gfile.Separator + certFile)
+        }
    }
    if certFileRealPath == "" {
        glog.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf(`[ghttp] EnableHTTPS failed: certFile "%s" does not exist`, certFile))
    }
    keyFileRealPath := gfile.RealPath(keyFile)
    if keyFileRealPath == "" {
-        keyFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.MainPkgPath() + gfile.Separator + keyFileRealPath)
+        keyFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.Pwd() + gfile.Separator + keyFile)
+        if keyFileRealPath == "" {
+            keyFileRealPath = gfile.RealPath(gfile.MainPkgPath() + gfile.Separator + keyFile)
+        }
    }
    if keyFileRealPath == "" {
        glog.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf(`[ghttp] EnableHTTPS failed: keyFile "%s" does not exist`, keyFile))
    }
    s.config.HTTPSCertPath = certFileRealPath
    s.config.HTTPSKeyPath  = keyFileRealPath
+    if len(tlsConfig) > 0 {
+        s.config.TLSConfig = tlsConfig[0]
+    }
+}
+
+// 设置TLS配置对象
+func (s *Server)SetTLSConfig(tlsConfig tls.Config)  {
+    if s.Status() == SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING {
+        glog.Error(gCHANGE_CONFIG_WHILE_RUNNING_ERROR)
+        return
+    }
+    s.config.TLSConfig = tlsConfig
 }

 // 设置http server参数 - ReadTimeout
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_config_static.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_config_static.go
@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func (s *Server)SetServerRoot(root string) {
    if path == "" {
        glog.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf(`[ghttp] SetServerRoot failed: path "%s" does not exist`, root))
    }
+    glog.Debug("[ghttp] SetServerRoot path:", path)
    s.config.SearchPaths       = []string{strings.TrimRight(path, gfile.Separator)}
    s.config.FileServerEnabled = true
 }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_cookie.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_cookie.go
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 // You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
 //
 // HTTP Cookie管理对象，
-// 由于Cookie是和HTTP请求挂钩的，因此被包含到 ghttp 包中进行管理
+// 由于Cookie是和HTTP请求挂钩的，因此被包含到 ghttp 包中进行管理。

 package ghttp

@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func GetCookie(r *Request) *Cookie {
    }
    return &Cookie {
        request : r,
+        server  : r.Server,
    }
 }

@ -52,7 +53,6 @@ func (c *Cookie) init() {
        c.path     = c.request.Server.GetCookiePath()
        c.domain   = c.request.Server.GetCookieDomain()
        c.maxage   = c.request.Server.GetCookieMaxAge()
-        c.server   = c.request.Server
        c.response = c.request.Response
        // 如果没有设置COOKIE有效域名，那么设置HOST为默认有效域名
        if c.domain == "" {
@ -87,6 +87,14 @@ func (c *Cookie) SessionId() string {
    return id
 }

+// 获取SessionId，不存在时则创建
+func (c *Cookie) MakeSessionId() string {
+    c.init()
+    id := makeSessionId()
+    c.SetSessionId(id)
+    return id
+}
+
 // 判断Cookie中是否存在制定键名(并且没有过期)
 func (c *Cookie) Contains(key string) bool {
    c.init()
@ -115,6 +123,11 @@ func (c *Cookie) SetCookie(key, value, domain, path string, maxAge int, httpOnly
    }
 }

+// 获得客户端提交的SessionId
+func (c *Cookie) GetSessionId() string {
+    return c.Get(c.server.GetSessionIdName())
+}
+
 // 设置SessionId
 func (c *Cookie) SetSessionId(id string) {
    c.Set(c.server.GetSessionIdName(), id)
@ -133,9 +146,14 @@ func (c *Cookie) Get(key string) string {
    return ""
 }

+// 删除COOKIE，使用默认的domain&path
+func (c *Cookie) Remove(key string) {
+    c.SetCookie(key, "", c.domain, c.path, -86400)
+}
+
 // 标记该cookie在对应的域名和路径失效
 // 删除cookie的重点是需要通知浏览器客户端cookie已过期
-func (c *Cookie) Remove(key, domain, path string) {
+func (c *Cookie) RemoveCookie(key, domain, path string) {
    c.SetCookie(key, "", domain, path, -86400)
 }

--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_domain.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_domain.go
@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ package ghttp

 import (
    "strings"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/container/gmap"
 )

 // 域名管理器对象
@ -18,121 +17,80 @@ type Domain struct {
    m map[string]bool // 多域名
 }

-// 域名对象表，用以存储和检索域名(支持多域名)与域名对象之间的关联关系
-var domainMap = gmap.NewStringInterfaceMap()
-
-// 生成一个域名对象
+// 生成一个域名对象, 参数 domains 支持给定多个域名。
 func (s *Server) Domain(domains string) *Domain {
-    if r := domainMap.Get(domains); r != nil {
-        return r.(*Domain)
-    }
    d := &Domain{
        s : s,
        m : make(map[string]bool),
    }
-    result := strings.Split(domains, ",")
-    for _, v := range result {
+    for _, v := range strings.Split(domains, ",") {
        d.m[strings.TrimSpace(v)] = true
    }
-    domainMap.Set(domains, d)
    return d
 }

 // 注意该方法是直接绑定方法的内存地址，执行的时候直接执行该方法，不会存在初始化新的控制器逻辑
-func (d *Domain) BindHandler(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) error {
+func (d *Domain) BindHandler(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindHandler(pattern + "@" + domain, handler); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindHandler(pattern + "@" + domain, handler)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 执行对象方法
-func (d *Domain) BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) error {
-    if len(methods) > 0 {
-        return d.BindObjectMethod(pattern, obj, strings.Join(methods, ","))
-    }
+func (d *Domain) BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindObject(pattern + "@" + domain, obj); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindObject(pattern + "@" + domain, obj, methods...)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 执行对象方法注册，methods参数不区分大小写
-func (d *Domain) BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string) error {
+func (d *Domain) BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindObjectMethod(pattern + "@" + domain, obj, method); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindObjectMethod(pattern + "@" + domain, obj, method)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // RESTful执行对象注册
-func (d *Domain) BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) error {
+func (d *Domain) BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindObjectRest(pattern + "@" + domain, obj); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindObjectRest(pattern + "@" + domain, obj)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 控制器注册
-func (d *Domain) BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) error {
-    if len(methods) > 0 {
-        return d.BindControllerMethod(pattern, c, strings.Join(methods, ","))
-    }
+func (d *Domain) BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindController(pattern + "@" + domain, c); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindController(pattern + "@" + domain, c, methods...)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 控制器方法注册，methods参数区分大小写
-func (d *Domain) BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string) error {
+func (d *Domain) BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindControllerMethod(pattern + "@" + domain, c, method); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindControllerMethod(pattern + "@" + domain, c, method)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // RESTful控制器注册
-func (d *Domain) BindControllerRest(pattern string, c Controller) error {
+func (d *Domain) BindControllerRest(pattern string, c Controller) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindControllerRest(pattern + "@" + domain, c); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindControllerRest(pattern + "@" + domain, c)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 绑定指定的hook回调函数, hook参数的值由ghttp server设定，参数不区分大小写
 // 目前hook支持：Init/Shut
-func (d *Domain)BindHookHandler(pattern string, hook string, handler HandlerFunc) error {
+func (d *Domain)BindHookHandler(pattern string, hook string, handler HandlerFunc) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindHookHandler(pattern + "@" + domain, hook, handler); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindHookHandler(pattern + "@" + domain, hook, handler)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 通过map批量绑定回调函数
-func (d *Domain)BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern string, hookmap map[string]HandlerFunc) error {
+func (d *Domain)BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern string, hookmap map[string]HandlerFunc) {
    for domain, _ := range d.m {
-        if err := d.s.BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern + "@" + domain, hookmap); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        d.s.BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern + "@" + domain, hookmap)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 绑定指定的状态码回调函数
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_graceful.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_graceful.go
@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
    "crypto/tls"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/greuseport"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gproc"
    "net"
@ -85,18 +84,22 @@ func (s *gracefulServer) setFd(fd int) {
 }

 // 执行HTTPS监听
-func (s *gracefulServer) ListenAndServeTLS(certFile, keyFile string) error {
+func (s *gracefulServer) ListenAndServeTLS(certFile, keyFile string, tlsConfig...*tls.Config) error {
    addr   := s.httpServer.Addr
-    config := &tls.Config{}
-    if s.httpServer.TLSConfig != nil {
+    config := (*tls.Config)(nil)
+    if len(tlsConfig) > 0 {
+        config = tlsConfig[0]
+    } else if s.httpServer.TLSConfig != nil {
        *config = *s.httpServer.TLSConfig
    }
    if config.NextProtos == nil {
        config.NextProtos = []string{"http/1.1"}
    }
    err := error(nil)
-    config.Certificates         = make([]tls.Certificate, 1)
-    config.Certificates[0], err = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
+    if len(config.Certificates) == 0 {
+        config.Certificates         = make([]tls.Certificate, 1)
+        config.Certificates[0], err = tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
+    }
    if err != nil {
        return errors.New(fmt.Sprintf(`open cert file "%s","%s" failed: %s`, certFile, keyFile, err.Error()))
    }
@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ func (s *gracefulServer) getNetListener(addr string) (net.Listener, error) {
    } else {
        // 如果监听失败，1秒后重试，最多重试3次
        for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-            ln, err = greuseport.Listen("tcp", addr)
+            ln, err = net.Listen("tcp", addr)
            if err != nil {
                err = fmt.Errorf("%d: net.Listen error: %v", gproc.Pid(), err)
                time.Sleep(time.Second)
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_handler.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_handler.go
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func (s *Server)defaultHttpHandle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    s.handleRequest(w, r)
 }

-// 执行处理HTTP请求
+// 执行处理HTTP请求，
 // 首先，查找是否有对应域名的处理接口配置；
 // 其次，如果没有对应的自定义处理接口配置，那么走默认的域名处理接口配置；
 // 最后，如果以上都没有找到处理接口，那么进行文件处理；
@ -46,14 +46,27 @@ func (s *Server)handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    request := newRequest(s, r, w)

    defer func() {
-        if request.LeaveTime == 0 {
-            request.LeaveTime = gtime.Microsecond()
+        // 设置请求完成时间
+        request.LeaveTime = gtime.Microsecond()
+        // 事件 - BeforeOutput
+        if !request.IsExited() {
+            s.callHookHandler(HOOK_BEFORE_OUTPUT, request)
        }
+        // 输出Cookie
+        request.Cookie.Output()
+        // 输出缓冲区
+        request.Response.Output()
+        // 事件 - AfterOutput
+        if !request.IsExited() {
+            s.callHookHandler(HOOK_AFTER_OUTPUT, request)
+        }
+        // 事件 - BeforeClose
        s.callHookHandler(HOOK_BEFORE_CLOSE, request)
        // access log
        s.handleAccessLog(request)
        // error log使用recover进行判断
        if e := recover(); e != nil {
+            request.Response.WriteStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
            s.handleErrorLog(e, request)
        }
        // 更新Session会话超时时间
@ -78,7 +91,7 @@ func (s *Server)handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

    // 动态服务检索
    handler := (*handlerItem)(nil)
-    if !request.IsFileRequest() || isStaticDir {
+    if !request.isFileRequest || isStaticDir {
        if parsedItem := s.getServeHandlerWithCache(request); parsedItem != nil {
            handler = parsedItem.handler
            for k, v := range parsedItem.values {
@ -98,9 +111,9 @@ func (s *Server)handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

    // 执行静态文件服务/回调控制器/执行对象/方法
    if !request.IsExited() {
-        // 需要再次判断文件是否真实存在，因为文件检索可能使用了缓存，从健壮性考虑这里需要二次判断
+        // 需要再次判断文件是否真实存在，
+        // 因为文件检索可能使用了缓存，从健壮性考虑这里需要二次判断
        if request.isFileRequest /* && gfile.Exists(staticFile) */{
-            // 静态文件
            s.serveFile(request, staticFile)
        } else {
            if handler != nil {
@ -125,22 +138,6 @@ func (s *Server)handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    if !request.IsExited() {
        s.callHookHandler(HOOK_AFTER_SERVE, request)
    }
-
-    // 设置请求完成时间
-    request.LeaveTime = gtime.Microsecond()
-
-    // 事件 - BeforeOutput
-    if !request.IsExited() {
-        s.callHookHandler(HOOK_BEFORE_OUTPUT, request)
-    }
-    // 输出Cookie
-    request.Cookie.Output()
-    // 输出缓冲区
-    request.Response.OutputBuffer()
-    // 事件 - AfterOutput
-    if !request.IsExited() {
-        s.callHookHandler(HOOK_AFTER_OUTPUT, request)
-    }
 }

 // 查找静态文件的绝对路径
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_log.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_log.go
@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ package ghttp
 import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
-    "net/http"
 )

 // 处理服务错误信息，主要是panic，http请求的status由access log进行管理
@ -34,8 +33,6 @@ func (s *Server) handleAccessLog(r *Request) {

 // 处理服务错误信息，主要是panic，http请求的status由access log进行管理
 func (s *Server) handleErrorLog(error interface{}, r *Request) {
-    r.Response.WriteStatus(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-
    // 错误输出默认是开启的
    if !s.IsErrorLogEnabled() && gfile.MainPkgPath() == "" {
        return
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_router.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_router.go
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func (s *Server)parsePattern(pattern string) (domain, method, path string, err e
        }
    }
    if path == "" {
-        err = errors.New("invalid pattern")
+        err = errors.New("invalid pattern: URI should not be empty")
    }
    // 去掉末尾的"/"符号，与路由匹配时处理一致
    if path != "/" {
@ -60,10 +60,11 @@ func (s *Server) getHandlerRegisterCallerLine(handler *handlerItem) string {

 // 路由注册处理方法。
 // 如果带有hook参数，表示是回调注册方法; 否则为普通路由执行方法。
-func (s *Server) setHandler(pattern string, handler *handlerItem, hook ... string) (resultErr error) {
+func (s *Server) setHandler(pattern string, handler *handlerItem, hook ... string) {
    // Web Server正常运行时无法动态注册路由方法
    if s.Status() == SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING {
-        return errors.New("cannot bind handler while server running")
+        glog.Error("cannot bind handler while server running")
+        return
    }
    var hookName string
    if len(hook) > 0 {
@ -71,29 +72,22 @@ func (s *Server) setHandler(pattern string, handler *handlerItem, hook ... strin
    }
    domain, method, uri, err := s.parsePattern(pattern)
    if err != nil {
-        return errors.New("invalid pattern")
+        glog.Error("invalid pattern:", pattern, err)
+        return
+    }
+    if len(uri) == 0 || uri[0] != '/' {
+        glog.Error("invalid pattern:", pattern, "URI should lead with '/'")
+        return
    }
    // 注册地址记录及重复注册判断
    regkey := s.handlerKey(hookName, method, uri, domain)
    caller := s.getHandlerRegisterCallerLine(handler)
    if len(hook) == 0 {
        if item, ok := s.routesMap[regkey]; ok {
-            s := fmt.Sprintf(`duplicated route registry "%s", already registered in %s`, pattern, item[0].file)
-            glog.Errorfln(s)
-            return errors.New(s)
+            glog.Errorfln(`duplicated route registry "%s", already registered at %s`, pattern, item[0].file)
+            return
        }
    }
-    defer func() {
-        if resultErr == nil {
-            if _, ok := s.routesMap[regkey]; !ok {
-                s.routesMap[regkey] = make([]registeredRouteItem, 0)
-            }
-            s.routesMap[regkey] = append(s.routesMap[regkey], registeredRouteItem {
-                file    : caller,
-                handler : handler,
-            })
-        }
-    }()

    // 路由对象
    handler.router = &Router {
@ -193,9 +187,15 @@ func (s *Server) setHandler(pattern string, handler *handlerItem, hook ... strin
            l.PushBack(handler)
        }
    }
-    //gutil.Dump(s.serveTree)
-    //gutil.Dump(s.hooksTree)
-    return nil
+    // gutil.Dump(s.serveTree)
+    // gutil.Dump(s.hooksTree)
+    if _, ok := s.routesMap[regkey]; !ok {
+        s.routesMap[regkey] = make([]registeredRouteItem, 0)
+    }
+    s.routesMap[regkey] = append(s.routesMap[regkey], registeredRouteItem {
+        file    : caller,
+        handler : handler,
+    })
 }

 // 对比两个handlerItem的优先级，需要非常注意的是，注意新老对比项的参数先后顺序。
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_router_hook.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_router_hook.go
@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ import (
 )

 // 绑定指定的hook回调函数, pattern参数同BindHandler，支持命名路由；hook参数的值由ghttp server设定，参数不区分大小写
-func (s *Server)BindHookHandler(pattern string, hook string, handler HandlerFunc) error {
-    return s.setHandler(pattern, &handlerItem {
+func (s *Server)BindHookHandler(pattern string, hook string, handler HandlerFunc) {
+    s.setHandler(pattern, &handlerItem {
        name  : runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(handler).Pointer()).Name(),
        ctype : nil,
        fname : "",
@ -28,13 +28,10 @@ func (s *Server)BindHookHandler(pattern string, hook string, handler HandlerFunc
 }

 // 通过map批量绑定回调函数
-func (s *Server)BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern string, hookmap map[string]HandlerFunc) error {
+func (s *Server)BindHookHandlerByMap(pattern string, hookmap map[string]HandlerFunc) {
    for k, v := range hookmap {
-        if err := s.BindHookHandler(pattern, k, v); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        s.BindHookHandler(pattern, k, v)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 事件回调处理，内部使用了缓存处理.
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_controller.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_controller.go
@ -8,19 +8,19 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
-    "errors"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
-    "strings"
-    "reflect"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
+    "reflect"
+    "strings"
 )

-// 绑定控制器，控制器需要实现gmvc.Controller接口
-// 这种方式绑定的控制器每一次请求都会初始化一个新的控制器对象进行处理，对应不同的请求会话
-// 第三个参数methods用以指定需要注册的方法，支持多个方法名称，多个方法以英文“,”号分隔，区分大小写
-func (s *Server)BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) error {
+// 绑定控制器，控制器需要实现 gmvc.Controller 接口,
+// 这种方式绑定的控制器每一次请求都会初始化一个新的控制器对象进行处理，对应不同的请求会话,
+// 第三个参数methods用以指定需要注册的方法，支持多个方法名称，多个方法以英文“,”号分隔，区分大小写.
+func (s *Server)BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) {
    methodMap := (map[string]bool)(nil)
    if len(methods) > 0 {
        methodMap = make(map[string]bool)
@ -44,11 +44,7 @@ func (s *Server)BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) e
            continue
        }
        if _, ok := v.Method(i).Interface().(func()); !ok {
-            if methodMap != nil {
-                s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
-                glog.Error(s)
-                return errors.New(s)
-            }
+            glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
            continue
        }
        ctlName := gstr.Replace(t.String(), fmt.Sprintf(`%s.`, pkgName), "")
@ -63,16 +59,17 @@ func (s *Server)BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) e
            fname : mname,
            faddr : nil,
        }
-        // 如果方法中带有Index方法，那么额外自动增加一个路由规则匹配主URI
-        if strings.EqualFold(mname, "Index") {
-            p := key
-            if strings.EqualFold(p[len(p) - 6:], "/index") {
-                p = p[0 : len(p) - 6]
-                if len(p) == 0 {
-                    p = "/"
-                }
+        // 如果方法中带有Index方法，那么额外自动增加一个路由规则匹配主URI，
+        // 例如: pattern为/user, 那么会同时注册/user及/user/index，
+        // 这里处理新增/user路由绑定。
+        // 注意，当pattern带有内置变量时，不会自动加该路由。
+        if strings.EqualFold(mname, "Index") && !gregex.IsMatchString(`\{\.\w+\}`, pattern) {
+            p := gstr.PosR(key, "/index")
+            k := key[0 : p] + key[p + 6 : ]
+            if len(k) == 0 || k[0] == '@' {
+                k = "/" + k
            }
-            m[p] = &handlerItem {
+            m[k] = &handlerItem {
                name  : fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%s.%s`, pkgPath, ctlName, mname),
                rtype : gROUTE_REGISTER_CONTROLLER,
                ctype : v.Elem().Type(),
@ -81,11 +78,11 @@ func (s *Server)BindController(pattern string, c Controller, methods...string) e
            }
        }
    }
-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }

-// 绑定路由到指定的方法执行
-func (s *Server)BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string) error {
+// 绑定路由到指定的方法执行, 第三个参数method仅支持一个方法注册，不支持多个，并且区分大小写。
+func (s *Server)BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string) {
    m     := make(handlerMap)
    v     := reflect.ValueOf(c)
    t     := v.Type()
@ -93,12 +90,12 @@ func (s *Server)BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string
    mname := strings.TrimSpace(method)
    fval  := v.MethodByName(mname)
    if !fval.IsValid() {
-        return errors.New("invalid method name:" + mname)
+        glog.Error("invalid method name:" + mname)
+        return
    }
    if _, ok := fval.Interface().(func()); !ok {
-        s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, fval.Type().String())
-        glog.Error(s)
-        return errors.New(s)
+        glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, fval.Type().String())
+        return
    }
    pkgPath := t.Elem().PkgPath()
    pkgName := gfile.Basename(pkgPath)
@ -114,37 +111,37 @@ func (s *Server)BindControllerMethod(pattern string, c Controller, method string
        fname : mname,
        faddr : nil,
    }
-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }

 // 绑定控制器(RESTFul)，控制器需要实现gmvc.Controller接口
 // 方法会识别HTTP方法，并做REST绑定处理，例如：Post方法会绑定到HTTP POST的方法请求处理，Delete方法会绑定到HTTP DELETE的方法请求处理
 // 因此只会绑定HTTP Method对应的方法，其他方法不会自动注册绑定
 // 这种方式绑定的控制器每一次请求都会初始化一个新的控制器对象进行处理，对应不同的请求会话
-func (s *Server)BindControllerRest(pattern string, c Controller) error {
+func (s *Server)BindControllerRest(pattern string, c Controller) {
    // 遍历控制器，获取方法列表，并构造成uri
    m       := make(handlerMap)
    v       := reflect.ValueOf(c)
    t       := v.Type()
+    sname   := t.Elem().Name()
    pkgPath := t.Elem().PkgPath()
    // 如果存在与HttpMethod对应名字的方法，那么绑定这些方法
    for i := 0; i < v.NumMethod(); i++ {
        mname  := t.Method(i).Name
        method := strings.ToUpper(mname)
-        if _, ok := s.methodsMap[method]; !ok {
+        if _, ok := methodsMap[method]; !ok {
            continue
        }
        if _, ok := v.Method(i).Interface().(func()); !ok {
-            s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
-            glog.Error(s)
-            return errors.New(s)
+            glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
+            return
        }
        pkgName := gfile.Basename(pkgPath)
        ctlName := gstr.Replace(t.String(), fmt.Sprintf(`%s.`, pkgName), "")
        if ctlName[0] == '*' {
            ctlName = fmt.Sprintf(`(%s)`, ctlName)
        }
-        key   := mname + ":" + pattern
+        key   := s.mergeBuildInNameToPattern(mname + ":" + pattern, sname, mname, false)
        m[key] = &handlerItem {
            name  : fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%s.%s`, pkgPath, ctlName, mname),
            rtype : gROUTE_REGISTER_CONTROLLER,
@ -153,5 +150,5 @@ func (s *Server)BindControllerRest(pattern string, c Controller) error {
            faddr : nil,
        }
    }
-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_handler.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_handler.go
@ -8,17 +8,17 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
-    "errors"
-    "strings"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
    "bytes"
-    "runtime"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
    "reflect"
+    "runtime"
+    "strings"
 )

 // 注意该方法是直接绑定函数的内存地址，执行的时候直接执行该方法，不会存在初始化新的控制器逻辑
-func (s *Server) BindHandler(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) error {
-    return s.bindHandlerItem(pattern, &handlerItem {
+func (s *Server) BindHandler(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) {
+    s.bindHandlerItem(pattern, &handlerItem {
        name  : runtime.FuncForPC(reflect.ValueOf(handler).Pointer()).Name(),
        rtype : gROUTE_REGISTER_HANDLER,
        ctype : nil,
@ -30,26 +30,24 @@ func (s *Server) BindHandler(pattern string, handler HandlerFunc) error {
 // 绑定URI到操作函数/方法
 // pattern的格式形如：/user/list, put:/user, delete:/user, post:/user@johng.cn
 // 支持RESTful的请求格式，具体业务逻辑由绑定的处理方法来执行
-func (s *Server) bindHandlerItem(pattern string, item *handlerItem) error {
+func (s *Server) bindHandlerItem(pattern string, item *handlerItem) {
    if s.Status() == SERVER_STATUS_RUNNING {
-        return errors.New("server handlers cannot be changed while running")
+        glog.Error("server handlers cannot be changed while running")
+        return
    }
-    return s.setHandler(pattern, item)
+    s.setHandler(pattern, item)
 }

 // 通过映射数组绑定URI到操作函数/方法
-func (s *Server) bindHandlerByMap(m handlerMap) error {
+func (s *Server) bindHandlerByMap(m handlerMap) {
    for p, h := range m {
-        if err := s.bindHandlerItem(p, h); err != nil {
-            return err
-        }
+        s.bindHandlerItem(p, h)
    }
-    return nil
 }

 // 将内置的名称按照设定的规则合并到pattern中，内置名称按照{.xxx}规则命名。
 // 规则1：pattern中的URI包含{.struct}关键字，则替换该关键字为结构体名称；
-// 规则1：pattern中的URI包含{.method}关键字，则替换该关键字为方法名称；
+// 规则2：pattern中的URI包含{.method}关键字，则替换该关键字为方法名称；
 // 规则2：如果不满足规则1，那么直接将防发明附加到pattern中的URI后面；
 func (s *Server) mergeBuildInNameToPattern(pattern string, structName, methodName string, allowAppend bool) string {
    structName = s.nameToUrlPart(structName)
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_object.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_service_object.go
@ -8,18 +8,18 @@
 package ghttp

 import (
-    "errors"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
-    "strings"
-    "reflect"
    "fmt"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gfile"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/glog"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gregex"
+    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/text/gstr"
+    "reflect"
+    "strings"
 )

 // 绑定对象到URI请求处理中，会自动识别方法名称，并附加到对应的URI地址后面
 // 第三个参数methods用以指定需要注册的方法，支持多个方法名称，多个方法以英文“,”号分隔，区分大小写
-func (s *Server)BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) error {
+func (s *Server)BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) {
    methodMap := (map[string]bool)(nil)
    if len(methods) > 0 {
        methodMap = make(map[string]bool)
@ -51,11 +51,7 @@ func (s *Server)BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) er
        }
        faddr, ok := v.Method(i).Interface().(func(*Request))
        if !ok {
-            if methodMap != nil {
-                s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func(*Request))" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
-                glog.Error(s)
-                return errors.New(s)
-            }
+            glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func(*Request))" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
            continue
        }
        objName := gstr.Replace(t.String(), fmt.Sprintf(`%s.`, pkgName), "")
@ -72,16 +68,15 @@ func (s *Server)BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) er
            finit : finit,
            fshut : fshut,
        }
-        // 如果方法中带有Index方法，那么额外自动增加一个路由规则匹配主URI
-        if strings.EqualFold(mname, "Index") {
-            p := key
-            if strings.EqualFold(p[len(p) - 6:], "/index") {
-                p = p[0 : len(p) - 6]
-                if len(p) == 0 {
-                    p = "/"
-                }
+        // 如果方法中带有Index方法，那么额外自动增加一个路由规则匹配主URI。
+        // 注意，当pattern带有内置变量时，不会自动加该路由。
+        if strings.EqualFold(mname, "Index") && !gregex.IsMatchString(`\{\.\w+\}`, pattern) {
+            p := gstr.PosR(key, "/index")
+            k := key[0 : p] + key[p + 6 : ]
+            if len(k) == 0 || k[0] == '@' {
+                k = "/" + k
            }
-            m[p] = &handlerItem {
+            m[k] = &handlerItem {
                name  : fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%s.%s`, pkgPath, objName, mname),
                rtype : gROUTE_REGISTER_OBJECT,
                ctype : nil,
@ -92,12 +87,12 @@ func (s *Server)BindObject(pattern string, obj interface{}, methods...string) er
            }
        }
    }
-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }

-// 绑定对象到URI请求处理中，会自动识别方法名称，并附加到对应的URI地址后面
-// 第三个参数methods支持多个方法注册，多个方法以英文“,”号分隔，区分大小写
-func (s *Server)BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string) error {
+// 绑定对象到URI请求处理中，会自动识别方法名称，并附加到对应的URI地址后面，
+// 第三个参数method仅支持一个方法注册，不支持多个，并且区分大小写。
+func (s *Server)BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string) {
    m     := make(handlerMap)
    v     := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
    t     := v.Type()
@ -105,13 +100,13 @@ func (s *Server)BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string)
    mname := strings.TrimSpace(method)
    fval  := v.MethodByName(mname)
    if !fval.IsValid() {
-        return errors.New("invalid method name:" + mname)
+        glog.Error("invalid method name:" + mname)
+        return
    }
    faddr, ok := fval.Interface().(func(*Request))
    if !ok {
-        s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func(*Request)" is required`, fval.Type().String())
-        glog.Error(s)
-        return errors.New(s)
+        glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func(*Request)" is required`, fval.Type().String())
+        return
    }
    finit := (func(*Request))(nil)
    fshut := (func(*Request))(nil)
@ -138,15 +133,16 @@ func (s *Server)BindObjectMethod(pattern string, obj interface{}, method string)
        fshut : fshut,
    }

-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }

-// 绑定对象到URI请求处理中，会自动识别方法名称，并附加到对应的URI地址后面
-// 需要注意对象方法的定义必须按照ghttp.HandlerFunc来定义
-func (s *Server)BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) error {
+// 绑定对象到URI请求处理中，会自动识别方法名称，并附加到对应的URI地址后面,
+// 需要注意对象方法的定义必须按照 ghttp.HandlerFunc 来定义
+func (s *Server)BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) {
    m     := make(handlerMap)
    v     := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
    t     := v.Type()
+    sname := t.Elem().Name()
    finit := (func(*Request))(nil)
    fshut := (func(*Request))(nil)
    if v.MethodByName("Init").IsValid() {
@ -159,21 +155,20 @@ func (s *Server)BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) error {
    for i := 0; i < v.NumMethod(); i++ {
        mname  := t.Method(i).Name
        method := strings.ToUpper(mname)
-        if _, ok := s.methodsMap[method]; !ok {
+        if _, ok := methodsMap[method]; !ok {
            continue
        }
        faddr, ok := v.Method(i).Interface().(func(*Request))
        if !ok {
-            s := fmt.Sprintf(`invalid medthod definition "%s", while "func()" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
-            glog.Error(s)
-            return errors.New(s)
+            glog.Errorfln(`invalid method definition "%s", while "func(*Request)" is required`, v.Method(i).Type().String())
+            continue
        }
        pkgName := gfile.Basename(pkgPath)
        objName := gstr.Replace(t.String(), fmt.Sprintf(`%s.`, pkgName), "")
        if objName[0] == '*' {
            objName = fmt.Sprintf(`(%s)`, objName)
        }
-        key   := mname + ":" + pattern
+        key   := s.mergeBuildInNameToPattern(mname + ":" + pattern, sname, mname, false)
        m[key] = &handlerItem {
            name  : fmt.Sprintf(`%s.%s.%s`, pkgPath, objName, mname),
            rtype : gROUTE_REGISTER_OBJECT,
@ -184,5 +179,5 @@ func (s *Server)BindObjectRest(pattern string, obj interface{}) error {
            fshut : fshut,
        }
    }
-    return s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
+    s.bindHandlerByMap(m)
 }
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_session.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_server_session.go
@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ type Session struct {
    request *Request                 // 关联的请求
 }

-// 生成一个唯一的SessionId字符串，长度16位
+// 生成一个唯一的SessionId字符串，长度18位。
 func makeSessionId() string {
-    return strings.ToUpper(strconv.FormatInt(gtime.Nanosecond(), 32) + grand.RandStr(3))
+    return strings.ToUpper(strconv.FormatInt(gtime.Nanosecond(), 36) + grand.RandStr(6))
 }

 // 获取或者生成一个session对象(延迟初始化)
@ -41,18 +41,28 @@ func GetSession(r *Request) *Session {
    }
 }

-// 执行初始化(用于延迟初始化)
+// 执行初始化(用于延迟初始化).
 func (s *Session) init() {
    if len(s.id) == 0 {
-        s.id     = s.request.Cookie.SessionId()
        s.server = s.request.Server
-        s.data   = s.server.sessions.GetOrSetFuncLock(s.id, func() interface{} {
-            return gmap.NewStringInterfaceMap()
-        }, s.server.GetSessionMaxAge()).(*gmap.StringInterfaceMap)
+        // 根据提交的SESSION ID获取已存在SESSION
+        id := s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId()
+        if id != "" {
+            data := s.server.sessions.Get(id)
+            if data != nil {
+                s.id   = id
+                s.data = data.(*gmap.StringInterfaceMap)
+                return
+            }
+        }
+        // 否则执行初始化创建
+        s.id   = s.request.Cookie.MakeSessionId()
+        s.data = gmap.NewStringInterfaceMap()
+        s.server.sessions.Set(s.id, s.data, s.server.GetSessionMaxAge())
    }
 }

-// 获取SessionId
+// 获取/创建SessionId
 func (s *Session) Id() string {
    s.init()
    return s.id
@ -60,8 +70,11 @@ func (s *Session) Id() string {

 // 获取当前session所有数据
 func (s *Session) Data() map[string]interface{} {
-    s.init()
-    return s.data.Map()
+    if len(s.id) > 0 || s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId() != "" {
+        s.init()
+        return s.data.Map()
+    }
+    return nil
 }

 // 设置session
@ -84,70 +97,141 @@ func (s *Session) BatchSet(m map[string]interface{}) {

 // 判断键名是否存在
 func (s *Session) Contains (key string) bool {
-    s.init()
-    return s.data.Contains(key)
+    if len(s.id) > 0 || s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId() != "" {
+        s.init()
+        return s.data.Contains(key)
+    }
+    return false
 }

-// 获取SESSION
-func (s *Session) Get (key string) interface{}  {
-    s.init()
-    return s.data.Get(key)
+// 获取SESSION变量
+func (s *Session) Get(key string) interface{}  {
+    if len(s.id) > 0 || s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId() != "" {
+        s.init()
+        return s.data.Get(key)
+    }
+    return nil
 }

 // 获取SESSION，建议都用该方法获取参数
 func (s *Session) GetVar(key string) gvar.VarRead  {
-    s.init()
-    return gvar.NewRead(s.data.Get(key), true)
+    return gvar.NewRead(s.Get(key), true)
 }

+// 删除session
+func (s *Session) Remove(key string) {
+    if len(s.id) > 0 || s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId() != "" {
+        s.init()
+        s.data.Remove(key)
+    }
+}

-func (s *Session) GetString (key string)        string          { return gconv.String(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetBool(key string)           bool            { return gconv.Bool(s.Get(key))   }
+// 清空session
+func (s *Session) Clear() {
+    if len(s.id) > 0 || s.request.Cookie.GetSessionId() != "" {
+        s.init()
+        s.data.Clear()
+    }
+}

-func (s *Session) GetInt(key string)            int             { return gconv.Int(s.Get(key))   }
-func (s *Session) GetInt8(key string)           int8            { return gconv.Int8(s.Get(key))  }
-func (s *Session) GetInt16(key string)          int16           { return gconv.Int16(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetInt32(key string)          int32           { return gconv.Int32(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetInt64(key string)          int64           { return gconv.Int64(s.Get(key)) }
+// 更新过期时间(如果用在守护进程中长期使用，需要手动调用进行更新，防止超时被清除)
+func (s *Session) UpdateExpire() {
+    if len(s.id) > 0 && s.data.Size() > 0 {
+        s.server.sessions.Set(s.id, s.data, s.server.GetSessionMaxAge()*1000)
+    }
+}

-func (s *Session) GetUint(key string)           uint            { return gconv.Uint(s.Get(key))   }
-func (s *Session) GetUint8(key string)          uint8           { return gconv.Uint8(s.Get(key))  }
-func (s *Session) GetUint16(key string)         uint16          { return gconv.Uint16(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetUint32(key string)         uint32          { return gconv.Uint32(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetUint64(key string)         uint64          { return gconv.Uint64(s.Get(key)) }
+func (s *Session) GetString(key string) string {
+    return gconv.String(s.Get(key))
+}

-func (s *Session) GetFloat32 (key string)       float32         { return gconv.Float32(s.Get(key)) }
-func (s *Session) GetFloat64 (key string)       float64         { return gconv.Float64(s.Get(key)) }
+func (s *Session) GetBool(key string) bool {
+    return gconv.Bool(s.Get(key))
+}

-func (s *Session) GetBytes(key string)          []byte          { return gconv.Bytes(s.Get(key))      }
-func (s *Session) GetInts(key string)           []int           { return gconv.Ints(s.Get(key))       }
-func (s *Session) GetFloats(key string)         []float64       { return gconv.Floats(s.Get(key))     }
-func (s *Session) GetStrings(key string)        []string        { return gconv.Strings(s.Get(key))    }
-func (s *Session) GetInterfaces(key string)     []interface{}   { return gconv.Interfaces(s.Get(key)) }
+func (s *Session) GetInt(key string) int {
+    return gconv.Int(s.Get(key)) }

-func (s *Session) GetTime(key string, format...string) time.Time       { return gconv.Time(s.Get(key), format...) }
-func (s *Session) GetTimeDuration(key string)          time.Duration   { return gconv.TimeDuration(s.Get(key)) }
+
+func (s *Session) GetInt8(key string) int8 {
+    return gconv.Int8(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetInt16(key string) int16 {
+    return gconv.Int16(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetInt32(key string) int32 {
+    return gconv.Int32(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetInt64(key string) int64 {
+    return gconv.Int64(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetUint(key string) uint {
+    return gconv.Uint(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetUint8(key string) uint8 {
+    return gconv.Uint8(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetUint16(key string) uint16 {
+    return gconv.Uint16(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetUint32(key string) uint32 {
+    return gconv.Uint32(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetUint64(key string) uint64 {
+    return gconv.Uint64(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetFloat32(key string) float32 {
+    return gconv.Float32(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetFloat64(key string) float64 {
+    return gconv.Float64(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetBytes(key string) []byte {
+    return gconv.Bytes(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetInts(key string) []int {
+    return gconv.Ints(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetFloats(key string) []float64 {
+    return gconv.Floats(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetStrings(key string) []string {
+    return gconv.Strings(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetInterfaces(key string) []interface{} {
+    return gconv.Interfaces(s.Get(key))
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetTime(key string, format...string) time.Time {
+    return gconv.Time(s.Get(key), format...)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetGTime(key string, format...string) *gtime.Time {
+    return gconv.GTime(s.Get(key), format...)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) GetTimeDuration(key string) time.Duration {
+    return gconv.TimeDuration(s.Get(key))
+}

 // 将变量转换为对象，注意 objPointer 参数必须为struct指针
 func (s *Session) GetStruct(key string, objPointer interface{}, attrMapping...map[string]string) error {
    return gconv.Struct(s.Get(key), objPointer, attrMapping...)
 }

-// 删除session
-func (s *Session) Remove(key string) {
-    s.init()
-    s.data.Remove(key)
-}

-// 清空session
-func (s *Session) Clear() {
-    s.init()
-    s.data.Clear()
-}
-
-// 更新过期时间(如果用在守护进程中长期使用，需要手动调用进行更新，防止超时被清除)
-func (s *Session) UpdateExpire() {
-    if len(s.id) > 0 {
-        s.server.sessions.Set(s.id, s.data, s.server.GetSessionMaxAge()*1000)
-    }
-}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_unit_1_test.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_unit_1_test.go
@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
-// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
-// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
-
-// 基本路由功能以及优先级测试
-package ghttp_test
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/ghttp"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
-    "testing"
-    "time"
-)
-
-
-func Test_Router_Basic(t *testing.T) {
-    s := g.Server(gtime.Nanosecond())
-    s.BindHandler("/:name", func(r *ghttp.Request){
-        r.Response.Write("/:name")
-    })
-    s.BindHandler("/:name/update", func(r *ghttp.Request){
-        r.Response.Write(r.Get("name"))
-    })
-    s.BindHandler("/:name/:action", func(r *ghttp.Request){
-        r.Response.Write(r.Get("action"))
-    })
-    s.BindHandler("/:name/*any", func(r *ghttp.Request){
-        r.Response.Write(r.Get("any"))
-    })
-    s.BindHandler("/user/list/{field}.html", func(r *ghttp.Request){
-        r.Response.Write(r.Get("field"))
-    })
-    s.SetPort(8100)
-    s.SetDumpRouteMap(false)
-    go s.Run()
-    defer func() {
-        s.Shutdown()
-        time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    }()
-    // 等待启动完成
-    time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    gtest.Case(t, func() {
-        client := ghttp.NewClient()
-        client.SetPrefix("http://127.0.0.1:8100")
-        
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent("/john"),               "")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent("/john/update"),        "john")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent("/john/edit"),          "edit")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent("/user/list/100.html"), "100")
-    })
-}
--- a/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_unit_2_test.go
+++ b/g/net/ghttp/ghttp_unit_2_test.go
@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 gf Author(https://github.com/gogf/gf). All Rights Reserved.
-//
-// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the MIT License.
-// If a copy of the MIT was not distributed with this file,
-// You can obtain one at https://github.com/gogf/gf.
-
-// 分组路由测试
-package ghttp_test
-
-import (
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/frame/gmvc"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/net/ghttp"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/os/gtime"
-    "github.com/gogf/gf/g/test/gtest"
-    "testing"
-    "time"
-)
-
-// 执行对象
-type Object struct {}
-
-func (o *Object) Show(r *ghttp.Request) {
-    r.Response.Write("Object Show")
-}
-
-func (o *Object) Delete(r *ghttp.Request) {
-    r.Response.Write("Object REST Delete")
-}
-
-// 控制器
-type Controller struct {
-    gmvc.Controller
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) Show() {
-    c.Response.Write("Controller Show")
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) Post() {
-    c.Response.Write("Controller REST Post")
-}
-
-func Handler(r *ghttp.Request) {
-    r.Response.Write("Handler")
-}
-
-func Test_Router_Group1(t *testing.T) {
-    s   := g.Server(gtime.Nanosecond())
-    obj := new(Object)
-    ctl := new(Controller)
-    // 分组路由方法注册
-    g := s.Group("/api")
-    g.ALL ("/handler",     Handler)
-    g.ALL ("/ctl",         ctl)
-    g.GET ("/ctl/my-show", ctl, "Show")
-    g.REST("/ctl/rest",    ctl)
-    g.ALL ("/obj",         obj)
-    g.GET ("/obj/my-show", obj, "Show")
-    g.REST("/obj/rest",    obj)
-    s.SetPort(8200)
-    s.SetDumpRouteMap(false)
-    go s.Run()
-    defer func() {
-        s.Shutdown()
-        time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    }()
-    time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    gtest.Case(t, func() {
-        client := ghttp.NewClient()
-        client.SetPrefix("http://127.0.0.1:8200")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/handler"),     "Handler")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/my-show"), "Controller Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/post"),    "Controller REST Post")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/show"),    "Controller Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.PostContent("/api/ctl/rest"),    "Controller REST Post")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/delete"),  "Object REST Delete")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/my-show"), "Object Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/show"),    "Object Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.DeleteContent("/api/obj/rest"),  "Object REST Delete")
-
-    })
-}
-
-func Test_Router_Group2(t *testing.T) {
-    s   := g.Server(gtime.Nanosecond())
-    obj := new(Object)
-    ctl := new(Controller)
-    // 分组路由批量注册
-    s.Group("/api").Bind("/api", []ghttp.GroupItem{
-        {"ALL",  "/handler",     Handler},
-        {"ALL",  "/ctl",         ctl},
-        {"GET",  "/ctl/my-show", ctl, "Show"},
-        {"REST", "/ctl/rest",    ctl},
-        {"ALL",  "/obj",         obj},
-        {"GET",  "/obj/my-show", obj, "Show"},
-        {"REST", "/obj/rest",    obj},
-    })
-    s.SetPort(8300)
-    s.SetDumpRouteMap(false)
-    go s.Run()
-    defer func() {
-        s.Shutdown()
-        time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    }()
-    time.Sleep(time.Second)
-    gtest.Case(t, func() {
-        client := ghttp.NewClient()
-        client.SetPrefix("http://127.0.0.1:8300")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/handler"),     "Handler")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/my-show"), "Controller Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/post"),    "Controller REST Post")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/ctl/show"),    "Controller Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.PostContent("/api/ctl/rest"),    "Controller REST Post")
-
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/delete"),  "Object REST Delete")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/my-show"), "Object Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.GetContent ("/api/obj/show"),    "Object Show")
-        gtest.Assert(client.DeleteContent("/api/obj/rest"),  "Object REST Delete")
-    })
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
John	62580b5719	add examples for gredis	2019-03-21 23:51:57 +08:00
John	15cfd5ce5c	add g.Export	2019-03-21 18:21:53 +08:00
John	11c89c4090	fix issue in GetOrSetFuncLock of gmap/gcache; add gutil.IsEmpty/Export functions	2019-03-21 18:20:20 +08:00
John	4a12cb9f27	version updates	2019-03-21 10:52:12 +08:00
John	32f575eddd	update unit test of gins	2019-03-21 10:36:24 +08:00
John	fbb4cb3b1c	add more unit test cases for gredis	2019-03-21 10:04:53 +08:00
John	c9d2d5e8ab	add configuration support for maxIdle/maxActive/idleTimeout/maxConnLifetime of gredis; update gjson.Append/Len functions; add more unit test cases for gredis/gins/gstr/gjson	2019-03-21 00:14:23 +08:00
John	93763192f2	version updates	2019-03-19 17:55:02 +08:00
John	80e0eae6b0	add TLSConfig support for ghttp.Server	2019-03-19 17:48:37 +08:00
John	4e3d735b90	add logging for gcron	2019-03-19 13:58:18 +08:00
John	60e5a7da28	add more unit test cases for grand/gstr	2019-03-18 23:52:25 +08:00
John	997b5ba889	README updates	2019-03-18 14:10:30 +08:00
John	b3e7ca1963	travis updates	2019-03-18 14:05:46 +08:00
John	5a82d695c1	mv greuseport to a new repo	2019-03-18 13:56:16 +08:00
John	64a0427150	travis updates	2019-03-18 13:34:51 +08:00
John	bca5532df8	version updates	2019-03-17 22:36:58 +08:00
John	72eeadd9aa	Merge branch 'master' into develop	2019-03-17 22:31:15 +08:00
John	0af55794f6	add more unit test cases for gdb	2019-03-17 22:26:41 +08:00
John	25a6c53533	add unit test cases for gfsnotify	2019-03-15 14:54:01 +08:00
John	9f9172c775	update unit test cases of package gconv	2019-03-15 09:05:56 +08:00
John	320e0db417	fix int-overflow issue in gconv.String when converting int64 to string; add more unit test cases for package gconv	2019-03-15 00:22:39 +08:00
John	cb8362d447	update unit test cases of package gins	2019-03-14 23:28:56 +08:00
John	45a83fc53c	unit test cases update for package gins	2019-03-14 00:23:46 +08:00
John	3411bd1c1d	merge master	2019-03-13 22:41:00 +08:00
John	6ab0a77364	add more defaulr searching paths for g.Config()	2019-03-13 22:12:59 +08:00
John	281bae4116	unit test cases update for package gins	2019-03-13 09:11:50 +08:00
John	218c692fe0	update unit test cases	2019-03-12 23:56:09 +08:00
John	fa69b581e1	update unit test cases	2019-03-12 23:50:30 +08:00
John	bd0baceeca	update unit test cases	2019-03-12 23:47:27 +08:00
John	e71c837472	update unit test cases	2019-03-12 23:45:44 +08:00
John	782aaabd07	add more unit test cases for gins; update text/template for gview	2019-03-12 23:26:10 +08:00
John	8ae9276732	add disable cache feature option for package gspath	2019-03-12 00:24:31 +08:00
John	79a3aa5916	add more unit test cases for package gvalid	2019-03-11 22:58:21 +08:00
John	733c5db228	version updates	2019-03-11 22:33:43 +08:00
John	6171c621a7	fix issue in missing customed error messages in package gvalid	2019-03-11 22:33:20 +08:00
John	802568856c	version updates	2019-03-11 16:35:44 +08:00
John	127fb67185	add session id check in session object initialzing	2019-03-11 16:33:51 +08:00
John	5db039bbce	gdb.Model updates, rename Alterable function to Safe, change gdb.Model alterable in default, update Where function to support more cases when using map as its param, add more unit test cases for gdb.Model	2019-03-11 16:14:55 +08:00
John	8a3365d18e	ghttp comment updates	2019-03-10 00:39:34 +08:00
John	2ae5b1a4f8	add more unit test cases for ghttp.Server	2019-03-10 00:35:03 +08:00
John	f9515d7126	version updates	2019-03-09 10:20:11 +08:00
John	b56679a97c	revert g.Map to map[string]interface{}, add g.MapAnyAny	2019-03-09 10:17:21 +08:00
John	d1b123964a	README updates	2019-03-08 21:07:18 +08:00
John	991f7c4958	ghttp.Response updates	2019-03-08 19:03:22 +08:00
John	770619c39e	update unit test cases og gcron	2019-03-08 18:27:11 +08:00
John	4ad5450b80	gtest updates; remove one unit test case of gconv.Struct	2019-03-08 18:18:29 +08:00
John	49ce7fe885	fix data race issue of gqueue	2019-03-08 17:54:50 +08:00
John	e66f63262b	add more unit test cases for ghttp.Server	2019-03-08 17:31:30 +08:00
John	94bd5da68a	add map key operator support in Where function for gdb	2019-03-08 11:12:52 +08:00
John	3eee95caf2	VERSION updates	2019-03-08 10:35:35 +08:00
John	5c638c630a	add select in support for slice type of arguments in Where function of gdb	2019-03-08 10:33:36 +08:00
John	a6ec9d7a1c	update gdb.Model.Where, orverwrite args if multiple calls Where function	2019-03-08 10:18:38 +08:00
John	374c70c0e3	README updates	2019-03-08 09:03:32 +08:00
John	40771066d4	travis updates	2019-03-08 08:48:53 +08:00
John	22a7ef43ce	Merge branch 'master' into develop	2019-03-08 00:21:52 +08:00
John	05f22d1cee	README updates	2019-03-08 00:15:57 +08:00
John	ebf56a86ab	add Alterable function for gdb.Model	2019-03-07 23:53:56 +08:00
John	2ba59e8943	fix issue in gtime convert in package gconv; add Structs/Scan functions for gdb.Model; add GetStructs/GetScan functions for gdb.Base and gdb.TX	2019-03-07 23:36:45 +08:00
John	83be1de04c	remove error returns from router registry functions of WebServer; add more unit test cases for WebServer	2019-03-06 15:21:00 +08:00
John	c8251ed82f	g.Map updates	2019-03-06 10:38:50 +08:00
John	2335ea0c4d	merge master	2019-03-05 21:07:54 +08:00
John	5d874e9063	add example code for gconv.Map; comment updates of gdb	2019-03-05 17:52:34 +08:00
John	f2c080d25f	update ghttp.Response	2019-03-05 17:16:21 +08:00
John	975da97b4a	fix issue in empty check for nil attribute of struct in package 'empty';add set-cookie support for 302 status in ghttp.Server	2019-03-05 17:06:37 +08:00
John	37617589a6	add more unit test cases for ghttp.Server	2019-03-04 23:51:44 +08:00
John	5c9f0db903	version updates	2019-03-04 23:37:01 +08:00
John	28abf0c175	add ReplaceI/ReplaceIByArray/ReplaceIByMap case-insensetive replacing functions for gstr	2019-03-04 23:35:06 +08:00
John	13749feab4	add json features '-' and 'omitempty' for gconv.Map, like package 'json' from stdlib; add internal package 'empty', to check empty variable	2019-03-04 22:59:29 +08:00
John	c1e77b7e09	update example of gtcp	2019-03-03 20:40:36 +08:00
John	962a5e93f7	update example of gtcp	2019-03-03 20:20:31 +08:00
John	c3b9b8d5ae	gconv updates	2019-03-03 00:53:35 +08:00
John	1ad076c522	travis updates	2019-03-03 00:31:16 +08:00
John	b01777fcd1	travis updates	2019-03-03 00:28:32 +08:00
John	55a5532c2e	gdb updates	2019-03-03 00:14:20 +08:00
John	adb928941a	issue template updates	2019-03-02 00:02:05 +08:00
John	f92c1fc527	update CORS feature of ghttp.Response; add more unit cases for ghttp.Server	2019-03-01 23:45:55 +08:00
John	3ae7279ebc	issue template updates	2019-03-01 14:01:05 +08:00
John	66287c2d0e	update the admin feature and unit test cases of ghttp	2019-02-28 23:57:20 +08:00
John	5d37626981	hot fix issue in router registry	2019-02-28 14:07:00 +08:00
John	d0ed3b979d	release updates	2019-02-28 10:28:09 +08:00
John	fa256aec9f	add example for layout using template engine; fix issue with config error output in gview when no config used	2019-02-27 22:53:39 +08:00
John	86834c5a15	version and comment updates	2019-02-27 22:17:09 +08:00
John	c2046157d6	add ghttp.Request.GetRawString function	2019-02-27 21:17:56 +08:00
John	cdb2cc89c0	remove password for unit test of gdb	2019-02-27 12:51:48 +08:00
John	4964c09a77	add more unit test cases for gdb	2019-02-27 12:38:12 +08:00
John	ef34b2c9ce	gdb updates, add batch operation support for Insert/Save/Replace, change list param type from List to interface{} for Batch* functions	2019-02-27 09:38:10 +08:00
John	9afe242293	Merge branch 'master' into qiangg_gdb_map	2019-02-27 08:52:50 +08:00
John	136d93d373	add donate for gitee	2019-02-26 23:39:09 +08:00
John	3102cec5b8	issue template updates	2019-02-26 23:06:14 +08:00
John	e28eb9da04	add issue template	2019-02-26 22:58:52 +08:00
John	754ed86dfb	add issue template	2019-02-26 22:56:52 +08:00
John	e352b07055	add issue_template	2019-02-26 22:51:30 +08:00
John	fdea242b50	Merge branch 'master' into develop	2019-02-26 22:23:24 +08:00
John	7058e4f2c4	fix issue of router group in auto-adding 'index' router for controller and object	2019-02-26 22:21:57 +08:00
John	704a5dbd73	fix issue of "memory leaks" in gfpool	2019-02-26 17:52:50 +08:00
John	fbd4ce8c2e	fulfil unit cases of ghttp.Cookie/Session	2019-02-26 17:17:11 +08:00
John	cb3ce71cdc	fix issue in ghttp.Session	2019-02-26 14:33:01 +08:00
John	7f44f2f5e4	gdb updates	2019-02-26 14:23:29 +08:00
John	66efbe63f0	add struct support for Insert/Save/Replace/Update/Where/Data functions	2019-02-26 01:19:01 +08:00
John	49a1308875	ghttp.Session updates	2019-02-25 23:08:26 +08:00
John	4332580c01	disable build-in session variable in template parsing, when it's not necessary	2019-02-25 15:20:57 +08:00
John	72ecf2d2af	TODO++	2019-02-25 12:39:07 +08:00
John	0f854e46d8	refact Merge function for garray; add more frequently-used type alias for gf	2019-02-22 09:08:46 +08:00
John	4564f38e1a	add PopRands/Rands functions for garray	2019-02-20 19:06:08 +08:00
John	7e06bf6705	Merge branch 'master' into qiangg_garray2	2019-02-20 16:28:24 +08:00
John	3dd8b6ad33	version updates	2019-02-20 16:24:44 +08:00
John	3e0a975a88	fix issue in gcron, allow special char '?' for day and week pattern	2019-02-20 16:24:05 +08:00
John	6aa1c5b1eb	ghttp updates	2019-02-20 16:07:11 +08:00
John	d780cf64c2	garray updates	2019-02-20 14:18:11 +08:00
John	1fb5a8cd6f	comments for glog update	2019-02-20 11:16:10 +08:00
John	8925460718	comment updates of gregex package	2019-02-19 11:19:23 +08:00
John	9797701881	remove Search/InArray functions from gstr package; update custom http status handling logics of web server	2019-02-18 16:12:59 +08:00
John	8a50b180c0	README updates	2019-02-18 09:25:05 +08:00
John	159190d187	version updates	2019-02-17 20:49:58 +08:00
John	989d543a1f	fix issue with error response status code 200 of web server; ghttp request client updates	2019-02-17 20:45:35 +08:00
John	fcc3a1b2f6	README updates	2019-02-15 23:21:46 +08:00
John	cfdeb87093	gfile updates	2019-02-15 21:30:35 +08:00
John	74eef34ec2	gtest updates; TODO++	2019-02-15 08:55:29 +08:00
John	2e87d5322f	remove sarama-cluster	2019-02-14 19:30:58 +08:00
John	e89a49f39a	remove gkafka	2019-02-14 19:24:45 +08:00
John	5d3fd91f0b	remove sarama	2019-02-14 19:21:38 +08:00
John	f455d22893	move gkafka to new repo	2019-02-14 17:04:20 +08:00
John	c00f528098	remove reuseport in ghttp	2019-02-14 15:43:31 +08:00
John	6f02ad60eb	hot fix issue in tpl auto update	2019-02-14 13:38:52 +08:00